09.Merge Sorted Array.java

/*
You are given two integer arrays nums1 and nums2, sorted in non-decreasing order, and two integers m and n, representing the number of elements in nums1 and nums2 respectively.

Merge nums1 and nums2 into a single array sorted in non-decreasing order.

The final sorted array should not be returned by the function, but instead be stored inside the array nums1. To accommodate this, nums1 has a length of m + n, where the first m elements denote the elements that should be merged, and the last n elements are set to 0 and should be ignored. nums2 has a length of n.

 

Example 1:

Input: nums1 = [1,2,3,0,0,0], m = 3, nums2 = [2,5,6], n = 3
Output: [1,2,2,3,5,6]
Explanation: The arrays we are merging are [1,2,3] and [2,5,6].
The result of the merge is [1,2,2,3,5,6] with the underlined elements coming from nums1.
Example 2:

Input: nums1 = [1], m = 1, nums2 = [], n = 0
Output: [1]
Explanation: The arrays we are merging are [1] and [].
The result of the merge is [1].
Example 3:

Input: nums1 = [0], m = 0, nums2 = [1], n = 1
Output: [1]
Explanation: The arrays we are merging are [] and [1].
The result of the merge is [1].
Note that because m = 0, there are no elements in nums1. The 0 is only there to ensure the merge result can fit in nums1.
*/

//SOLVED USING GAP ALGORITHM
class Solution {
    public void merge(int[] nums1, int m, int[] nums2, int n) {
        int i = m, j = 0;
        while(i < nums1.length) nums1[i++] = nums2[j++];
        int gap = (m+n)/2 + (m+n)%2;
        while (true) {
            i = 0;
            while (i < nums1.length-gap) {
                if (nums1[i] > nums1[i+gap]) 
                    swap(nums1, i, i+gap);
                i++;
            }
            if (gap == 1) break;
            gap = gap / 2 + gap % 2;
        }
    }
    private void swap(int[] arr, int i, int j) {
        int tmp = arr[i];
        arr[i] = arr[j];
        arr[j] = tmp;
    }
}