Deep Neural Network (DNN) and Machine Learning (ML) models/ inferences produce highly accurate results demanding enormous computational resources. The limited capacity of end-user smart gadgets drives companies to exploit computational resources in an edge-to-cloud continuum and host applications at user-facing locations with users requiring fast responses. Kubernetes hosted inferences with poor resource request estimation results in Service Level Agreement (SLA) violation in terms of latency and below par performance with higher end-to-end (E2E) delays. Lifetime static resource provisioning either hurts user experience for under-resource provisioning or incurs cost with over-provisioning. Dynamic scaling offers to remedy delay by upscaling leading to additional cost whereas a simple migration to another location offering latency in SLA bounds can reduce delay and minimize cost. To address this cost and delay challenges for ML inferences in the inherent heterogeneous, resource-constrained, and distributed edge environment, we propose ProKube which is a proactive container scaling and migration orchestrator to dynamically adjust the resources and container locations with a fair balance between cost and delay. ProKube is developed in conjunction with Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) enabling cross-cluster migration and/ or dynamic scaling. It further supports the regular addition of freshly collected logs into scheduling decisions to handle unpredictable network behavior. Experiments conducted in heterogeneous edge settings show the efficacy of ProKube to its counterparts Cost Greedy (CG), Latency Greedy (LG), and GeKube (GK). ProKube offers 68%, 7%, and 64% SLA violation reduction to CG, LG, and GK, respectively and it improves cost by 4.77 cores to LG and offers more cost of 3.94 to CG and GK.
@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/nem.2298,
author = {Ali, Babar and Golec, Muhammed and Singh Gill, Sukhpal and Cuadrado, Felix and Uhlig, Steve},
title = {ProKube: Proactive Kubernetes Orchestrator for Inference in Heterogeneous Edge Computing},
journal = {International Journal of Network Management},
volume = {n/a},
number = {n/a},
pages = {e2298},
keywords = {container migration, heterogeneous edge computing, Kubernetes, latency SLA, vertical scaling},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/nem.2298},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/nem.2298},
eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/nem.2298},
note = {e2298 nem.2298}
}