diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index db1887429..c3a8da34d 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -8,12 +8,6 @@ version = "1.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ace50bade8e6234aa140d9a2f552bbee1db4d353f69b8217bc503490fc1a9f26"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "bitflags"
-version = "2.6.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b048fb63fd8b5923fc5aa7b340d8e156aec7ec02f0c78fa8a6ddc2613f6f71de"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-if"
 version = "1.0.0"
@@ -22,9 +16,9 @@ checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "heck"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "95505c38b4572b2d910cecb0281560f54b440a19336cbbcb27bf6ce6adc6f5a8"
+checksum = "2304e00983f87ffb38b55b444b5e3b60a884b5d30c0fca7d82fe33449bbe55ea"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "indoc"
@@ -38,16 +32,6 @@ version = "0.2.159"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "561d97a539a36e26a9a5fad1ea11a3039a67714694aaa379433e580854bc3dc5"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "lock_api"
-version = "0.4.12"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "07af8b9cdd281b7915f413fa73f29ebd5d55d0d3f0155584dade1ff18cea1b17"
-dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
- "scopeguard",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "matrixmultiply"
 version = "0.3.9"
@@ -109,9 +93,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "numpy"
-version = "0.21.0"
+version = "0.23.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ec170733ca37175f5d75a5bea5911d6ff45d2cd52849ce98b685394e4f2f37f4"
+checksum = "b94caae805f998a07d33af06e6a3891e38556051b8045c615470a71590e13e78"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "ndarray",
@@ -128,29 +112,6 @@ version = "1.20.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1261fe7e33c73b354eab43b1273a57c8f967d0391e80353e51f764ac02cf6775"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "parking_lot"
-version = "0.12.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f1bf18183cf54e8d6059647fc3063646a1801cf30896933ec2311622cc4b9a27"
-dependencies = [
- "lock_api",
- "parking_lot_core",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "parking_lot_core"
-version = "0.9.10"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1e401f977ab385c9e4e3ab30627d6f26d00e2c73eef317493c4ec6d468726cf8"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "libc",
- "redox_syscall",
- "smallvec",
- "windows-targets",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "portable-atomic"
 version = "1.9.0"
@@ -168,15 +129,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3"
-version = "0.21.2"
+version = "0.23.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a5e00b96a521718e08e03b1a622f01c8a8deb50719335de3f60b3b3950f069d8"
+checksum = "e484fd2c8b4cb67ab05a318f1fd6fa8f199fcc30819f08f07d200809dba26c15"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "indoc",
  "libc",
  "memoffset",
- "parking_lot",
+ "once_cell",
  "portable-atomic",
  "pyo3-build-config",
  "pyo3-ffi",
@@ -186,9 +147,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-build-config"
-version = "0.21.2"
+version = "0.23.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7883df5835fafdad87c0d888b266c8ec0f4c9ca48a5bed6bbb592e8dedee1b50"
+checksum = "dc0e0469a84f208e20044b98965e1561028180219e35352a2afaf2b942beff3b"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "target-lexicon",
@@ -196,9 +157,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-ffi"
-version = "0.21.2"
+version = "0.23.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "01be5843dc60b916ab4dad1dca6d20b9b4e6ddc8e15f50c47fe6d85f1fb97403"
+checksum = "eb1547a7f9966f6f1a0f0227564a9945fe36b90da5a93b3933fc3dc03fae372d"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "pyo3-build-config",
@@ -206,9 +167,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-macros"
-version = "0.21.2"
+version = "0.23.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77b34069fc0682e11b31dbd10321cbf94808394c56fd996796ce45217dfac53c"
+checksum = "fdb6da8ec6fa5cedd1626c886fc8749bdcbb09424a86461eb8cdf096b7c33257"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "pyo3-macros-backend",
@@ -218,9 +179,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-macros-backend"
-version = "0.21.2"
+version = "0.23.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "08260721f32db5e1a5beae69a55553f56b99bd0e1c3e6e0a5e8851a9d0f5a85c"
+checksum = "38a385202ff5a92791168b1136afae5059d3ac118457bb7bc304c197c2d33e7d"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -244,15 +205,6 @@ version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "60a357793950651c4ed0f3f52338f53b2f809f32d83a07f72909fa13e4c6c1e3"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "redox_syscall"
-version = "0.5.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9b6dfecf2c74bce2466cabf93f6664d6998a69eb21e39f4207930065b27b771f"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "rshgf"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -263,21 +215,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustc-hash"
-version = "1.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "08d43f7aa6b08d49f382cde6a7982047c3426db949b1424bc4b7ec9ae12c6ce2"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "scopeguard"
-version = "1.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "smallvec"
-version = "1.13.2"
+version = "2.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3c5e1a9a646d36c3599cd173a41282daf47c44583ad367b8e6837255952e5c67"
+checksum = "c7fb8039b3032c191086b10f11f319a6e99e1e82889c5cc6046f515c9db1d497"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
@@ -307,67 +247,3 @@ name = "unindent"
 version = "0.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c7de7d73e1754487cb58364ee906a499937a0dfabd86bcb980fa99ec8c8fa2ce"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-targets"
-version = "0.52.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9b724f72796e036ab90c1021d4780d4d3d648aca59e491e6b98e725b84e99973"
-dependencies = [
- "windows_aarch64_gnullvm",
- "windows_aarch64_msvc",
- "windows_i686_gnu",
- "windows_i686_gnullvm",
- "windows_i686_msvc",
- "windows_x86_64_gnu",
- "windows_x86_64_gnullvm",
- "windows_x86_64_msvc",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
-version = "0.52.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "32a4622180e7a0ec044bb555404c800bc9fd9ec262ec147edd5989ccd0c02cd3"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
-version = "0.52.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "09ec2a7bb152e2252b53fa7803150007879548bc709c039df7627cabbd05d469"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows_i686_gnu"
-version = "0.52.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8e9b5ad5ab802e97eb8e295ac6720e509ee4c243f69d781394014ebfe8bbfa0b"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows_i686_gnullvm"
-version = "0.52.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0eee52d38c090b3caa76c563b86c3a4bd71ef1a819287c19d586d7334ae8ed66"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows_i686_msvc"
-version = "0.52.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "240948bc05c5e7c6dabba28bf89d89ffce3e303022809e73deaefe4f6ec56c66"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
-version = "0.52.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "147a5c80aabfbf0c7d901cb5895d1de30ef2907eb21fbbab29ca94c5b08b1a78"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
-version = "0.52.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "24d5b23dc417412679681396f2b49f3de8c1473deb516bd34410872eff51ed0d"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
-version = "0.52.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "589f6da84c646204747d1270a2a5661ea66ed1cced2631d546fdfb155959f9ec"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 2f5937bac..9a4a51e9b 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,5 +10,5 @@ crate-type = ["cdylib", "rlib"]
 path = "src/lib.rs"    # The source file of the target.
 
 [dependencies]
-pyo3 = { version = "0.21.2", features = ["extension-module"] }
-numpy = "0.21"
\ No newline at end of file
+pyo3 = { version = "0.23.3", features = ["extension-module"] }
+numpy = "0.23"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/model.rs b/src/model.rs
index 9d4d0860c..d8b8da7c7 100644
--- a/src/model.rs
+++ b/src/model.rs
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ impl Network {
     }
 
     #[getter]
-    pub fn get_node_trajectories<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<&'py PyList> {
+    pub fn get_node_trajectories<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Py<PyList>> {
         let py_list = PyList::empty(py);
         
         
@@ -210,27 +210,27 @@ impl Network {
             if let Some(vector_node) = self.node_trajectories.vectors.get(node_idx) {
                 for (vector_key, vector_value) in vector_node {
                     // Create a new Python dictionary
-                    py_dict.set_item(vector_key, PyArray::from_vec2_bound(py, &vector_value).unwrap()).expect("Failed to set item in PyDict");
+                    py_dict.set_item(vector_key, PyArray::from_vec2(py, &vector_value).unwrap()).expect("Failed to set item in PyDict");
                 }
             }
             py_list.append(py_dict)?;
         }
 
         // Create a PyList from Vec<usize>
-        Ok(py_list)
+        Ok(py_list.into())
     }
 
     #[getter]
-    pub fn get_inputs<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<&'py PyList> {
+    pub fn get_inputs<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Py<PyList>> {
         let py_list = PyList::new(py, &self.inputs);  // Create a PyList from Vec<usize>
-        Ok(py_list)
+        Ok(py_list.into())
     }
 
     #[getter]
-    pub fn get_edges<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<&'py PyList> {
+    pub fn get_edges<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Py<PyList>> {
         // Create a new Python list
         let py_list = PyList::empty(py);
-
+    
         // Convert each struct in the Vec to a Python object and add to PyList
         for i in 0..self.edges.len() {
             // Create a new Python dictionary for each MyStruct
@@ -239,15 +239,18 @@ impl Network {
             py_dict.set_item("value_children", &self.edges[&i].value_children)?;
             py_dict.set_item("volatility_parents", &self.edges[&i].volatility_parents)?;
             py_dict.set_item("volatility_children", &self.edges[&i].volatility_children)?;
-
+    
             // Add the dictionary to the list
             py_list.append(py_dict)?;
         }
-        Ok(py_list)
+    
+        // Return the PyList object directly
+        Ok(py_list.into())
     }
 
+
     #[getter]
-    pub fn get_update_sequence<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<&'py PyList> {
+    pub fn get_update_sequence<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Py<PyList>> {
     
     let func_map = get_func_map();
     let py_list = PyList::empty(py);
@@ -272,7 +275,7 @@ impl Network {
         // Append the Python tuple to the Python list
         py_list.append(py_tuple)?;
     }        
-    Ok(py_list)
+    Ok(py_list.into())
     }
 }