Initialization section fix

[OlivierBBB]

• spec fix @OlivierBBB
  • re-architecture initialization section TX_INIT
    • split initial transfer in gas then value
    • add undoing rows
    • capture misc/CCSR / misc/CCRS
  • update finalization section TX_FINL
    • introduce new offset $7 < \varepsilon_{\text{revert}} < {\color{green}\varepsilon_{\text{finl}}} < \varepsilon_{\text{selfdestruct}} < \lambda$ or $\tau$
    • in all cases only repay gas to sender / coinbase at offset ${\color{green}\varepsilon_{\text{finl}}}$
  • introduce new finalizationDomSubStamp shorthands
• constraints update @OlivierBBB, Implementation of TX_INIT and TX_FINL fix linea-constraints#517
• tracer update @lorenzogentile404

[lorenzogentile404]

@lorenzogentile404 re-implement initialization and finalization sections. The new implementation is not that different from the new one, so take a look to it especially wrt address collisions (e.g., if an address sends funds to itself).

[OlivierBBB]

In the initialization section you have 2 cases:

• sender ≠ recipient

0th account row: sender:
balance = b  // from state
balance_new = b - gasCost

1st account row: sender:
balance = b - gasCost
balance_new = (b - gasCost) - value

2nd account row: recipient:
balance = b'  // from state
balance_new = b' + value

• sender = recipient

0th account row: sender:
balance = b  // from state
balance_new = b - gasCost

1st account row: sender:
balance = b - gasCost
balance_new = (b - gasCost) - value

2nd account row: sender:
balance = b - value // you don't get from the state
balance_new = ((b - gasCost) - value) + value

You have to schedule the initialization section for transaction end. So that if there is a roll back you can insert the extra 2 account rows below.

Reverted transactions

You then have 2 extra account rows where you decrement the tx.value from the recipient and you increment the balance of the sender by tx.value

3rd account row: sender:
balance = b'' = last valid balance (depending on address collision or not) in the initialization section
balance_new = b'' + value

4th account row: recipient:
balance = b''' = last valid balance (depending on address collision or not) in the initialization section
balance_new = b''' - value

• sender ≠ recipient

3rd account row: sender:
balance = (b - gasCost) - value
balance_new = ((b - gasCost) - value) + value

4th account row: recipient:
balance = b' + value
balance_new = (b' + value) - value

• sender = recipient

// "this happens second"
3rd account row: sender:
balance = (b - gasCost) - value
balance_new = ((b - gasCost) - value) + value

// "this happens first"
4th account row: recipient:
balance = b - gasCost
balance_new = (b - gasCost) - value

[OlivierBBB]

In the finalization section you have 2 cases:

• sender ≠ coinbase

0th account row: sender:
balance = b  // from state, prior to traceEndTransaction (no refunds have taken place)
balance_new = b + gasRefund

1st account row: coinbase:
balance = b'  // from state, prior to traceEndTransaction (no rewards have taken place)
balance_new = b' + gasReward

• sender = coinbase

0th account row: sender:
balance = b  // from state, prior to traceEndTransaction (no refunds have taken place)
balance_new = b + gasRefund

1st account row: coinbase:
balance = b + gasRefund  // from state, prior to traceEndTransaction (no rewards have taken place)
balance_new = (b + gasRefund) + gasReward

[OlivierBBB]

You have to add finalizationDomSubStamps for the finalization section.