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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="" xml:lang="">
<head>
<title>METRO, Intro to R Workshop</title>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="author" content="Dan Simonet" />
<meta name="date" content="2021-11-15" />
<script src="libs/header-attrs/header-attrs.js"></script>
<link href="libs/remark-css/default.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<link href="libs/remark-css/MSU.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<link href="libs/remark-css/rutgers-fonts.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<link href="libs/remark-css/ninjutsu.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<link href="libs/panelset/panelset.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="libs/panelset/panelset.js"></script>
<script src="libs/kePrint/kePrint.js"></script>
<link href="libs/lightable/lightable.css" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
<body>
<textarea id="source">
class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide
# METRO, Intro to R Workshop
### Dan Simonet
### Associate Professor, I/O Psychology
### 2021-11-15
---
class: inverse, center, middle
# Who Am I
---
# R Journey
.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Beginning]
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img src="https://github.com/DanSimonet/METRO-Workshop/blob/main/img/SPSS.png?raw=true" width = "300" height = "200" style="margin: 60px">
<img src="https://github.com/DanSimonet/METRO-Workshop/blob/main/img/Excel.jpg?raw=true" width = "300" height = "200" style="margin: 60px">
</div>
]
.panel[.panel-name[Robust Stats]
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img src="https://github.com/DanSimonet/METRO-Workshop/blob/main/img/RobustStats.jpg?raw=true" width="300" height="400" style="margin: 40px">
</div>
]
.panel[.panel-name[Polynomial Paper]
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img src="https://github.com/DanSimonet/METRO-Workshop/blob/main/img/RSAforPersonality.png?raw=true" width="400" height="375" style="margin: 40px">
</div>
.footnote[Source: Koppensteiner et al. (2014)]
]
.panel[.panel-name[New Possibilities]
<div style="text-align: center; vertical-align: text-top">
<img src="https://github.com/DanSimonet/METRO-Workshop/blob/main/img/Network.png?raw=true" width="700" height="445" style="margin: 0px 0px 30px 0px">
</div>
]
]
---
class: inverse, center, middle
# R Applications
---
class: inverse, center, middle
background-image: url("https://github.com/DanSimonet/METRO-Workshop/blob/main/img/2020_29_Astronauts_Cedric.png?raw=true")
background-size: contain
# Visuals
.footnote[.tiny[.green[Image Credit: ][Cedric Scherer](https://www.behance.net/gallery/100683383/Travelling-to-Outer-Space)]]
---
class: inverse, top, middle
background-image: url("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DanSimonet/METRO-Workshop/main/img/got-network-algorithm.png")
background-position: right
background-size: contain
# Algorithms
.footnote[.tiny[.white[Image Credit: ][Andrew Beveridge](https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/Mathhorizons/NetworkofThrones%20%281%29.pdf)]]
---
# Reports
<img src="https://github.com/DanSimonet/METRO-Workshop/blob/main/img/Rep1.png?raw=true" width = "450" height = "500" align="left">
<img src="https://github.com/DanSimonet/METRO-Workshop/blob/main/img/Rep2.png?raw=true" width = "400" height = "500" align="right">
---
# Why R?
1. **Free**: As in Beer, as in Speech 🍺
2. **AMAZING** community continuously contributing new packages 🤗
3. **Comprehensive**: Clean, visualize, analyze, and communicate. Can even order pizza 🍕
4. **Level Up**: Programming superpower - generate new solutions 💪
5. **Speed Up**: Reproducibility and automation 🚀
--
.center[**Employability**]
.center[<img src="https://github.com/DanSimonet/METRO-Workshop/blob/main/img/gif/LikeaBoss.gif?raw=true" width="500" height="200">]
---
# Cons
- **Unfamiliarity**: Learning a new language (can) suck. Go easy on yourself and R.
- Quick Tips: Start slow with Base R books and do **lots** of practice problems. Suggestions include:
- [Hands-On Programming with R](https://rstudio-education.github.io/hopr/)
- [Learning Statistics with R](https://learningstatisticswithr.com/)
- [Quick R](https://www.statmethods.net/index.html)
--
- **Paradox of Choice**: R invariably has multiple ways to do the same thing. Example includes assigning objects with <- and/or = (convention is to use <-).
- Quick tip: Just pick whatever method/package looks easiest to you. At same time, don't be scared to mix and match.
---
# Learning Curve: Takes Work
#### Complicated Relationship
.footer[source: https://bookdown.org/ndphillips/YaRrr/rrelationship.html]
---
# Learning Curve: Takes Work
#### Zero to Hero
---
# Help
_Very_ friendly communities and forums online. SO, RLadies, Twitter, etc.
You can also look at the help documentation.
```r
?plot
example(plot)
library(ggplot2)
example(geom_contour)
demo("graphics", package = "graphics")
```
Most packages also provide _vignettes_ (mini use guides). [Example](https://lrberge.github.io/fixest/articles/fixest_walkthrough.html).
---
# Agenda
.pull-left[
### R and RStudio
### Data Manipulation and Descriptives
### Visualization
### Statistics and Markdown Reports
### New Frontiers: NLP and Twitter
]
.pull-right[
]
---
# Requirements
We will be using the [RStudio Cloud](https://rstudio.cloud/) which has all data and packages installed. Must create an account, sign in, and access the following project:
-https://rstudio.cloud/project/3226006
Once accessed (a) click on the Load.R script, (b) highlight all the syntax, and (c) click the Run icon.
.center[<img src="https://github.com/DanSimonet/METRO-Workshop/blob/main/img/LoadR.PNG?raw=true" width="1000" height="350">]
---
# Requirements
Alternatively, can install R and R studio locally on your machine and install the packages as we progress.
☑ Installed [R](https://www.r-project.org/).
☑ Installed [RStudio](https://www.rstudio.com/products/rstudio/download/preview/).
---
class: inverse, center, middle
# R and R Studio
---
class: top, left
background-image: url("https://github.com/DanSimonet/METRO-Workshop/blob/main/img/rstudio-anatomy.png?raw=true")
background-size: contain
---
# Base R
.pull-left[
#### Maths
```r
1+1
sqrt(4)
5^2
```
#### Objects
```r
x <- 3 + 5
x * 2
x + x
```
#### Vectorization
```r
y <- c(1,2,3,4,5) "combine" to vector
z <- seq(0,10, by = 2) **seq** func
2 * y
y/z
```
]
--
.pull-right[
####Functions
```r
mean(1:5) # base
add_two <- function(x){ # custom
x+2
}
```
####Packages
```r
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(mtcars, aes(x = hp, y = mpg)) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = F) +
labs(x = "Horsepower",
y = "Miles per Gallon (MPG)")
```
]
---
class: inverse, center, middle
# Data Manipulation
---
# Load and View Data
Use **`install.packages`** and **`library`** to install and load packages. **`read_csv`** function parses and imports **.csv** files.
```r
# Load Tidyverse and IBM HR Data
install.packages("tidyverse")
library(tidyverse)
HR_dat <- read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DanSimonet/METRO-Workshop/main/Data/IBM_HR_Data.csv")
```
--
Quick data examination:
- First 5 rows with **`head`**
- Structure with **`glimpse`**
- Variable labels with **`names`**
---
# Data Science Workflow with **Tidyverse**
---
# The pipe %>%
```r
mean(1:10)
```
```
## [1] 5.5
```
```r
1:10 %>% mean()
```
```
## [1] 5.5
```
---
# The pipe %>%
```r
data %>%
do_something(.) %>%
do_another_thing(.) %>%
do_last_thing(.)
```
**`do_last_thing(do_something_else(do_something(data)))`** is equivalent to:
- **`data %>% do_something(data = .)`**
--
- **`%>% do_something_else(.)`**
--
- **`%>% do_a_third_thing(.)`**
--
<br></br>
For example, we may run several cleaning operations and store as new dataset.
```r
new_cars <- mtcars %>%
mutate(cyl = factor(cyl)) %>% # convert to factor
select(mpg, cyl, hp) # reduce to a few variables
```
---
# **`Dplyr`**: Data Wrangling
.pull-left[
Data sets are messy, large, and disorganized
**`dplyr`** provides common data manipulation **verbs**
which are applied to tabular data. Includes:
- Extracting and renaming variables
- Extracting a subset of rows
- Ordering data from high to low
- Calculating new variables (from existing)
- Calculating summary statistics
- Merging different data frames
- And more!
]
.pull-right[
]
---
# Select and Drop Columns
.pull-left[
```r
HR_dat %>% select(Age, JobLevel, Attrition)
```
```
## # A tibble: 1,470 x 3
## Age JobLevel Attrition
## <dbl> <dbl> <chr>
## 1 41 2 Yes
## 2 49 2 No
## 3 37 1 Yes
## 4 33 1 No
## 5 27 1 No
## # ... with 1,465 more rows
```
```r
HR_dat %>% select(Age:BusinessTravel)
```
```
## # A tibble: 1,470 x 3
## Age Attrition BusinessTravel
## <dbl> <chr> <chr>
## 1 41 Yes Travel_Rarely
## 2 49 No Travel_Frequently
## 3 37 Yes Travel_Rarely
## 4 33 No Travel_Frequently
## 5 27 No Travel_Rarely
## # ... with 1,465 more rows
```
]
--
.pull-right[
```r
HR_dat %>% select(-Attrition)
```
```
## # A tibble: 1,470 x 34
## Age BusinessTravel DailyRate Department
## <dbl> <chr> <dbl> <chr>
## 1 41 Travel_Rarely 1102 Sales
## 2 49 Travel_Frequent~ 279 Research & Dev~
## 3 37 Travel_Rarely 1373 Research & Dev~
## 4 33 Travel_Frequent~ 1392 Research & Dev~
## 5 27 Travel_Rarely 591 Research & Dev~
## # ... with 1,465 more rows, and 30 more variable:
## # DistanceFromHome <dbl>, ...
```
```r
HR_dat %>% select(contains("Job"))
```
```
## # A tibble: 1,470 x 4
## JobInvolvement JobLevel JobRole
## <dbl> <dbl> <chr>
## 1 3 2 Sales Executi~
## 2 2 2 Research Scie~
## 3 2 1 Laboratory Te~
## 4 3 1 Research Scie~
## 5 3 1 Laboratory Te~
## # ... with 1,465 more rows, and 1 more
## # variable: JobSatisfaction <dbl>
```
]
---
# Useful Select Functions
### **Red functions come in dplyr**
<table class=" lightable-minimal" style="font-size: 28px; font-family: Yanone Kaffeesatz; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Function </th>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Explanation </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> - </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Select everything but </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> : </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Select range </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: #D7261E !important;"> contains() </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: #D7261E !important;"> Select columns whose name contains a character string </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: #D7261E !important;"> ends_with() </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: #D7261E !important;"> Select columns whose name ends with a string </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: #D7261E !important;"> everything() </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: #D7261E !important;"> Select every column </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: #D7261E !important;"> matches() </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: #D7261E !important;"> Select columns who name matches a regular expression </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: #D7261E !important;"> num_range() </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: #D7261E !important;"> Select columns names x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: #D7261E !important;"> one_of() </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: #D7261E !important;"> Select columns whose names are in a group of names </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: #D7261E !important;"> starts_with() </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: #D7261E !important;"> Select columns whose name starts with a character string </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
---
# Filter Cases
Select only males
```r
HR_dat %>% filter(Gender == "Male")
```
```
## # A tibble: 882 x 35
## Gender Age Attrition BusinessTravel DailyRate
## <chr> <dbl> <chr> <chr> <dbl>
## 1 Male 49 No Travel_Freque~ 279
## 2 Male 37 Yes Travel_Rarely 1373
## 3 Male 27 No Travel_Rarely 591
## 4 Male 32 No Travel_Freque~ 1005
## 5 Male 30 No Travel_Rarely 1358
## 6 Male 38 No Travel_Freque~ 216
## 7 Male 36 No Travel_Rarely 1299
## 8 Male 35 No Travel_Rarely 809
## 9 Male 31 No Travel_Rarely 670
## 10 Male 34 No Travel_Rarely 1346
## # ... with 872 more rows, and 30 more variable:
## # Department <chr>, ...
```
---
# Filter Cases
Select only employees over 40
```r
HR_dat %>% filter(Age > 40)
```
```
## # A tibble: 465 x 35
## Age Attrition BusinessTravel DailyRate
## <dbl> <chr> <chr> <dbl>
## 1 41 Yes Travel_Rarely 1102
## 2 49 No Travel_Frequently 279
## 3 59 No Travel_Rarely 1324
## 4 53 No Travel_Rarely 1219
## 5 53 No Travel_Rarely 1282
## 6 42 No Travel_Rarely 691
## 7 44 No Travel_Rarely 477
## 8 46 No Travel_Rarely 705
## 9 44 No Travel_Rarely 1459
## 10 43 No Travel_Rarely 1273
## # ... with 455 more rows, and 31 more variable:
## # Department <chr>, ...
```
---
# Filter Cases
Select only employees who are Male and 40
```r
HR_dat %>% filter(Gender == "Male", Age > 40)
```
```
## # A tibble: 272 x 35
## Gender Age Attrition BusinessTravel DailyRate
## <chr> <dbl> <chr> <chr> <dbl>
## 1 Male 49 No Travel_Freque~ 279
## 2 Male 42 No Travel_Rarely 691
## 3 Male 44 No Travel_Rarely 1459
## 4 Male 50 Yes Travel_Rarely 869
## 5 Male 46 No Travel_Freque~ 1211
## 6 Male 48 Yes Travel_Rarely 626
## 7 Male 45 No Travel_Rarely 1339
## 8 Male 45 No Travel_Rarely 193
## 9 Male 46 No Travel_Rarely 945
## 10 Male 55 No Travel_Rarely 111
## # ... with 262 more rows, and 30 more variable:
## # Department <chr>, ...
```
---
# Filter: Logical Tests in R
.pull-left[
###?Comparison
<table class=" lightable-classic" style="font-size: 30px; font-family: Yanone Kaffeesatz; width: auto !important; float: left; margin-right: 10px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;width: 5em; background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> &lt; </td>
<td style="text-align:left;background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> Less than </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;width: 5em; background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> &gt; </td>
<td style="text-align:left;background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> Greater than </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;width: 5em; background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> == </td>
<td style="text-align:left;background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> Equal to </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;width: 5em; background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> &lt;= </td>
<td style="text-align:left;background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> Less than or equal to </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;width: 5em; background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> &gt;= </td>
<td style="text-align:left;background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> Greater than or equal to </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;width: 5em; background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> != </td>
<td style="text-align:left;background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> Not equal to </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;width: 5em; background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> %in% </td>
<td style="text-align:left;background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> Group membership </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;width: 5em; background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> is.na </td>
<td style="text-align:left;background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> Is NA </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;width: 5em; background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> !is.na </td>
<td style="text-align:left;background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> is not NA </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
]
.pull-right[
###?base::Logic
<table class=" lightable-classic" style="font-size: 30px; font-family: Yanone Kaffeesatz; width: auto !important; float: left; margin-right: 10px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;width: 5em; background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> &amp; </td>
<td style="text-align:left;background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> boolean and </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;width: 5em; background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> | </td>
<td style="text-align:left;background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> boolean or </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;width: 5em; background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> xor </td>
<td style="text-align:left;background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> exactly or </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;width: 5em; background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> ! </td>
<td style="text-align:left;background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> not </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;width: 5em; background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> any </td>
<td style="text-align:left;background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> any true </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;width: 5em; background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> all </td>
<td style="text-align:left;background-color: #F5F5F5 !important;"> all true </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
]
---
# Mutate: Create New Variables
- Data transformation (log, square root, %)
- Composites (addition, multiplication)
- Change factor orders
- Center or lag variables
```r
HR_dat %>%
mutate(AnnualIncome = MonthlyIncome * 12,
WorkLifeAtComp = YearsAtCompany/TotalWorkingYears)
```
```
## # A tibble: 1,470 x 5
## MonthlyIncome AnnualIncome TotalWorkingYears YearsAtCompany
## <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 5993 71916 8 6
## 2 5130 61560 10 10
## 3 2090 25080 7 0
## 4 2909 34908 8 8
## 5 3468 41616 6 2
## # ... with 1,465 more rows, and 1 more variable: LifeAtComp <dbl>
```
---
# Mutate
Convert attrition to a factor (for analyses) and average correlated tenure variables<sup>1</sup>
<br></br>
.footnote[<sup>1</sup> To use `mean` for individual rows across columns (e.g,. scoring scales) use `rowwise` prior to mutate]
```r
HR_dat %>%
mutate(Attrition = factor(Attrition),
TenComp = (YearsAtCompany + YearsInCurrentRole + YearsWithCurrManager)/3)
```
```
## # A tibble: 1,470 x 5
## Attrition YearsAtCompany YearsInCurrentRole YearsWithCurrManager
## <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 Yes 6 4 5
## 2 No 10 7 7
## 3 Yes 0 0 0
## 4 No 8 7 0
## 5 No 2 2 2
## # ... with 1,465 more rows, and 1 more variable: TenComp <dbl>
```
<br></br>
---
# Arrange
Rearrange orders of values based on data in columns
```r
HR_dat %>% arrange(MonthlyIncome)
```
.pull-left[
<table class=" lightable-classic" style="font-size: 20px; font-family: Yanone Kaffeesatz; width: auto !important; float: left; margin-right: 10px;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:right;"> Age </th>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Department </th>
<th style="text-align:right;"> DistanceFromHome </th>
<th style="text-align:right;"> MonthlyIncome </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(181, 222, 43, 1) !important;"> 41 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(181, 222, 43, 1) !important;"> Sales </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(181, 222, 43, 1) !important;"> 1 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(181, 222, 43, 1) !important;"> 5993 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(53, 183, 121, 1) !important;"> 49 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(53, 183, 121, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(53, 183, 121, 1) !important;"> 8 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(53, 183, 121, 1) !important;"> 5130 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(68, 1, 84, 1) !important;"> 37 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(68, 1, 84, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(68, 1, 84, 1) !important;"> 2 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(68, 1, 84, 1) !important;"> 2090 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(49, 104, 142, 1) !important;"> 33 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(49, 104, 142, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(49, 104, 142, 1) !important;"> 3 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(49, 104, 142, 1) !important;"> 2909 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(31, 158, 137, 1) !important;"> 27 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(31, 158, 137, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(31, 158, 137, 1) !important;"> 2 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(31, 158, 137, 1) !important;"> 3468 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(38, 130, 142, 1) !important;"> 32 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(38, 130, 142, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(38, 130, 142, 1) !important;"> 2 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(38, 130, 142, 1) !important;"> 3068 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(72, 40, 120, 1) !important;"> 59 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(72, 40, 120, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(72, 40, 120, 1) !important;"> 3 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(72, 40, 120, 1) !important;"> 2670 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(62, 74, 137, 1) !important;"> 30 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(62, 74, 137, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(62, 74, 137, 1) !important;"> 24 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(62, 74, 137, 1) !important;"> 2693 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(253, 231, 37, 1) !important;"> 38 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(253, 231, 37, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(253, 231, 37, 1) !important;"> 23 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(253, 231, 37, 1) !important;"> 9526 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(108, 205, 90, 1) !important;"> 36 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(108, 205, 90, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(108, 205, 90, 1) !important;"> 27 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(108, 205, 90, 1) !important;"> 5237 </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
]
.pull-right[
<table class=" lightable-classic" style="font-size: 20px; font-family: Yanone Kaffeesatz; width: auto !important; float: right; margin-left: 10px;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:right;"> Age </th>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Department </th>
<th style="text-align:right;"> DistanceFromHome </th>
<th style="text-align:right;"> MonthlyIncome </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(68, 1, 84, 1) !important;"> 37 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(68, 1, 84, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(68, 1, 84, 1) !important;"> 2 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(68, 1, 84, 1) !important;"> 2090 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(72, 40, 120, 1) !important;"> 59 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(72, 40, 120, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(72, 40, 120, 1) !important;"> 3 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(72, 40, 120, 1) !important;"> 2670 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(62, 74, 137, 1) !important;"> 30 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(62, 74, 137, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(62, 74, 137, 1) !important;"> 24 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(62, 74, 137, 1) !important;"> 2693 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(49, 104, 142, 1) !important;"> 33 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(49, 104, 142, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(49, 104, 142, 1) !important;"> 3 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(49, 104, 142, 1) !important;"> 2909 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(38, 130, 142, 1) !important;"> 32 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(38, 130, 142, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(38, 130, 142, 1) !important;"> 2 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(38, 130, 142, 1) !important;"> 3068 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(31, 158, 137, 1) !important;"> 27 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(31, 158, 137, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(31, 158, 137, 1) !important;"> 2 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(31, 158, 137, 1) !important;"> 3468 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(53, 183, 121, 1) !important;"> 49 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(53, 183, 121, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(53, 183, 121, 1) !important;"> 8 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(53, 183, 121, 1) !important;"> 5130 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(108, 205, 90, 1) !important;"> 36 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(108, 205, 90, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(108, 205, 90, 1) !important;"> 27 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(108, 205, 90, 1) !important;"> 5237 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(181, 222, 43, 1) !important;"> 41 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(181, 222, 43, 1) !important;"> Sales </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(181, 222, 43, 1) !important;"> 1 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(181, 222, 43, 1) !important;"> 5993 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(253, 231, 37, 1) !important;"> 38 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(253, 231, 37, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(253, 231, 37, 1) !important;"> 23 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(253, 231, 37, 1) !important;"> 9526 </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
]
---
# Arrange
Can change from highest to lowest with `desc`
```r
HR_dat %>% arrange(desc(MonthlyIncome))
```
.left-pull[
<table class=" lightable-classic" style="font-size: 20px; font-family: Yanone Kaffeesatz; width: auto !important; float: left; margin-right: 10px;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:right;"> Age </th>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Department </th>
<th style="text-align:right;"> DistanceFromHome </th>
<th style="text-align:right;"> MonthlyIncome </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(181, 222, 43, 1) !important;"> 41 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(181, 222, 43, 1) !important;"> Sales </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(181, 222, 43, 1) !important;"> 1 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(181, 222, 43, 1) !important;"> 5993 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(53, 183, 121, 1) !important;"> 49 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(53, 183, 121, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(53, 183, 121, 1) !important;"> 8 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(53, 183, 121, 1) !important;"> 5130 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(68, 1, 84, 1) !important;"> 37 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(68, 1, 84, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(68, 1, 84, 1) !important;"> 2 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(68, 1, 84, 1) !important;"> 2090 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(49, 104, 142, 1) !important;"> 33 </td>
<td style="text-align:left;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(49, 104, 142, 1) !important;"> Research &amp; Development </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(49, 104, 142, 1) !important;"> 3 </td>
<td style="text-align:right;color: white !important;background-color: rgba(49, 104, 142, 1) !important;"> 2909 </td>
</tr>
<tr>