Read and write Files - CSV_TXT_JSON_HTML.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Reading and Writing different Types of Files"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Reading a CSV file\n",
    "\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import numpy as np"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style>\n",
       "    .dataframe thead tr:only-child th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: left;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>AID</td>\n",
       "      <td>IMONTH</td>\n",
       "      <td>IDAY</td>\n",
       "      <td>IYEAR</td>\n",
       "      <td>SCID</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSCID</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>57100270</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>177</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>57101310</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>57103171</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>114</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>57103869</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>66</td>\n",
       "      <td>166</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>57104553</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>141</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>57104649</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>177</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>57104676</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>177</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>57109625</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>123</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "          0       1     2      3     4      5\n",
       "0       AID  IMONTH  IDAY  IYEAR  SCID  SSCID\n",
       "1  57100270       6    23     95    77    177\n",
       "2  57101310       5     5     95     7      7\n",
       "3  57103171       6    27     95    14    114\n",
       "4  57103869       7    14     95    66    166\n",
       "5  57104553       7    14     95    41    141\n",
       "6  57104649       6    12     95   177     77\n",
       "7  57104676       5    31     95   177     77\n",
       "8  57109625       6     7     95   123     23"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "smoke = pd.read_table('smoke.txt', sep='\\t', header=None)  # No header in the file and is tab separated\n",
    "smoke"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style>\n",
       "    .dataframe thead tr:only-child th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
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       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>AID</th>\n",
       "      <th>IMONTH</th>\n",
       "      <th>IDAY</th>\n",
       "      <th>IYEAR</th>\n",
       "      <th>SCID</th>\n",
       "      <th>SSCID</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>57100270</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>177</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>57101310</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>57103171</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>114</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>57103869</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>66</td>\n",
       "      <td>166</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>57104553</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>141</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        AID  IMONTH  IDAY  IYEAR  SCID  SSCID\n",
       "0  57100270       6    23     95    77    177\n",
       "1  57101310       5     5     95     7      7\n",
       "2  57103171       6    27     95    14    114\n",
       "3  57103869       7    14     95    66    166\n",
       "4  57104553       7    14     95    41    141"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "smoke = pd.read_table('smoke.txt', sep='\\t', nrows=5) # limiting the dataframe to only have 5 rows\n",
    "smoke"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style>\n",
       "    .dataframe thead tr:only-child th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: left;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>AID</th>\n",
       "      <th>IMONTH</th>\n",
       "      <th>IDAY</th>\n",
       "      <th>IYEAR</th>\n",
       "      <th>SCID</th>\n",
       "      <th>SSCID</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>57100270</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>177</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>57101310</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>57103171</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>114</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>57103869</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>66</td>\n",
       "      <td>166</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>57104553</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>141</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>57104649</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>177</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>57104676</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>177</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>57109625</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>123</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        AID  IMONTH  IDAY  IYEAR  SCID  SSCID\n",
       "0  57100270       6    23     95    77    177\n",
       "1  57101310       5     5     95     7      7\n",
       "2  57103171       6    27     95    14    114\n",
       "3  57103869       7    14     95    66    166\n",
       "4  57104553       7    14     95    41    141\n",
       "5  57104649       6    12     95   177     77\n",
       "6  57104676       5    31     95   177     77\n",
       "7  57109625       6     7     95   123     23"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "smoke = pd.read_table('smoke.txt', sep='\\t') # output needs to have a header \n",
    "smoke"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "smoke.to_json('smoke.json') # saves the data to a JSON file"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\tAID\tIMONTH\tIDAY\tIYEAR\tSCID\tSSCID\n",
      "0\t57100270\t6\t23\t95\t77\t177\n",
      "1\t57101310\t5\t5\t95\t7\t7\n",
      "2\t57103171\t6\t27\t95\t14\t114\n",
      "3\t57103869\t7\t14\t95\t66\t166\n",
      "4\t57104553\t7\t14\t95\t41\t141\n",
      "5\t57104649\t6\t12\t95\t177\t77\n",
      "6\t57104676\t5\t31\t95\t177\t77\n",
      "7\t57109625\t6\t7\t95\t123\t23\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import sys\n",
    "smoke.to_csv(sys.stdout, sep='\\t') # writes the output to std output with separator as Tab"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0,23,95\n",
      "1,5,95\n",
      "2,27,95\n",
      "3,14,95\n",
      "4,14,95\n",
      "5,12,95\n",
      "6,31,95\n",
      "7,7,95\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "smoke.to_csv(sys.stdout, header=None, columns=['IDAY','IYEAR'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{\"AID\":{\"0\":57100270,\"1\":57101310,\"2\":57103171,\"3\":57103869,\"4\":57104553,\"5\":57104649,\"6\":57104676,\"7\":57109625},\"IMONTH\":{\"0\":6,\"1\":5,\"2\":6,\"3\":7,\"4\":7,\"5\":6,\"6\":5,\"7\":6},\"IDAY\":{\"0\":23,\"1\":5,\"2\":27,\"3\":14,\"4\":14,\"5\":12,\"6\":31,\"7\":7},\"IYEAR\":{\"0\":95,\"1\":95,\"2\":95,\"3\":95,\"4\":95,\"5\":95,\"6\":95,\"7\":95},\"SCID\":{\"0\":77,\"1\":7,\"2\":14,\"3\":66,\"4\":41,\"5\":177,\"6\":177,\"7\":123},\"SSCID\":{\"0\":177,\"1\":7,\"2\":114,\"3\":166,\"4\":141,\"5\":77,\"6\":77,\"7\":23}}"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sm = smoke.to_json(sys.stdout)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import json\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "area_json =\"\"\"\n",
    "{ \"office\": \n",
    "    {\"medical\": [\n",
    "      { \"room-number\": 100,\n",
    "        \"use\": \"reception\",\n",
    "        \"sq-ft\": 50,\n",
    "        \"price\": 75\n",
    "      },\n",
    "      { \"room-number\": 101,\n",
    "        \"use\": \"waiting\",\n",
    "        \"sq-ft\": 250,\n",
    "        \"price\": 75\n",
    "      },\n",
    "      { \"room-number\": 102,\n",
    "        \"use\": \"examination\",\n",
    "        \"sq-ft\": 125,\n",
    "        \"price\": 150\n",
    "      },\n",
    "      { \"room-number\": 103,\n",
    "        \"use\": \"examination\",\n",
    "        \"sq-ft\": 125,\n",
    "        \"price\": 150\n",
    "      },\n",
    "      { \"room-number\": 104,\n",
    "        \"use\": \"office\",\n",
    "        \"sq-ft\": 150,\n",
    "        \"price\": 100\n",
    "      }\n",
    "    ]},\n",
    "    \"parking\": {\n",
    "      \"location\": \"premium\",\n",
    "      \"style\": \"covered\",\n",
    "      \"price\": 750\n",
    "    }\n",
    "} \n",
    "\"\"\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'\\n{ \"office\": \\n    {\"medical\": [\\n      { \"room-number\": 100,\\n        \"use\": \"reception\",\\n        \"sq-ft\": 50,\\n        \"price\": 75\\n      },\\n      { \"room-number\": 101,\\n        \"use\": \"waiting\",\\n        \"sq-ft\": 250,\\n        \"price\": 75\\n      },\\n      { \"room-number\": 102,\\n        \"use\": \"examination\",\\n        \"sq-ft\": 125,\\n        \"price\": 150\\n      },\\n      { \"room-number\": 103,\\n        \"use\": \"examination\",\\n        \"sq-ft\": 125,\\n        \"price\": 150\\n      },\\n      { \"room-number\": 104,\\n        \"use\": \"office\",\\n        \"sq-ft\": 150,\\n        \"price\": 100\\n      }\\n    ]},\\n    \"parking\": {\\n      \"location\": \"premium\",\\n      \"style\": \"covered\",\\n      \"price\": 750\\n    }\\n} \\n'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 52,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "area_json\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "json_obj = json.loads(area_json) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'office': {'medical': [{'price': 75,\n",
       "    'room-number': 100,\n",
       "    'sq-ft': 50,\n",
       "    'use': 'reception'},\n",
       "   {'price': 75, 'room-number': 101, 'sq-ft': 250, 'use': 'waiting'},\n",
       "   {'price': 150, 'room-number': 102, 'sq-ft': 125, 'use': 'examination'},\n",
       "   {'price': 150, 'room-number': 103, 'sq-ft': 125, 'use': 'examination'},\n",
       "   {'price': 100, 'room-number': 104, 'sq-ft': 150, 'use': 'office'}]},\n",
       " 'parking': {'location': 'premium', 'price': 750, 'style': 'covered'}}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 54,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "json_obj"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "input= '''\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        \"ItemId\":12345,\n",
    "        \"Product Name\":\"Lays\",\n",
    "        \"InventoryTurnaround\":4,\n",
    "        \"Perishable\":\"Y\",\n",
    "        \"Shelf Life days\": 10,\n",
    "        \"No. of Customers\":1000,\n",
    "        \"No.Of Orders\": 10,\n",
    "        \"Walmart Price\":1.99,\n",
    "        \"Competition Price\":2.09\n",
    "        \n",
    "    }\n",
    "    '''"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'\"\\\\n    {\\\\n        \\\\\"ItemId\\\\\":12345,\\\\n        \\\\\"Product Name\\\\\":\\\\\"Lays\\\\\",\\\\n        \\\\\"InventoryTurnaround\\\\\":4,\\\\n        \\\\\"Perishable\\\\\":\\\\\"Y\\\\\",\\\\n        \\\\\"Shelf Life days\\\\\": 10,\\\\n        \\\\\"No. of Customers\\\\\":1000,\\\\n        \\\\\"No.Of Orders\\\\\": 10,\\\\n        \\\\\"Walmart Price\\\\\":1.99,\\\\n        \\\\\"Competition Price\\\\\":2.09\\\\n        \\\\n    }\\\\n    \"'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 62,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "json_dump = json.dumps(input) # dump   json object  as string\n",
    "json_dump"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "json.load() expects to get the text from a file-like object\n",
    "\n",
    "json.loads() expects to get its text from a string object"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Reading HTML "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from pandas import read_html\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "url=\"https://www.fdic.gov/bank/individual/failed/banklist.html\"\n",
    "bank_list= pd.io.html.read_html(url)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "bank_data = bank_list[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style>\n",
       "    .dataframe thead tr:only-child th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: left;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Bank Name</th>\n",
       "      <th>City</th>\n",
       "      <th>ST</th>\n",
       "      <th>CERT</th>\n",
       "      <th>Acquiring Institution</th>\n",
       "      <th>Closing Date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Updated Date</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Washington Federal Bank for Savings</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chicago</td>\n",
       "      <td>IL</td>\n",
       "      <td>30570</td>\n",
       "      <td>Royal Savings Bank</td>\n",
       "      <td>December 15, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>February 21, 2018</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>The Farmers and Merchants State Bank of Argonia</td>\n",
       "      <td>Argonia</td>\n",
       "      <td>KS</td>\n",
       "      <td>17719</td>\n",
       "      <td>Conway Bank</td>\n",
       "      <td>October 13, 2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>February 21, 2018</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                         Bank Name     City  ST   CERT  \\\n",
       "0              Washington Federal Bank for Savings  Chicago  IL  30570   \n",
       "1  The Farmers and Merchants State Bank of Argonia  Argonia  KS  17719   \n",
       "\n",
       "  Acquiring Institution       Closing Date       Updated Date  \n",
       "0    Royal Savings Bank  December 15, 2017  February 21, 2018  \n",
       "1           Conway Bank   October 13, 2017  February 21, 2018  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 73,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bank_data.head(2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 76,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Index(['Bank Name', 'City', 'ST', 'CERT', 'Acquiring Institution',\n",
       "       'Closing Date', 'Updated Date'],\n",
       "      dtype='object')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 76,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bank_data.columns"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 99,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "url=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trump-personally-pushed-postmaster-general-to-double-rates-on-amazon-other-firms/2018/05/18/2b6438d2-5931-11e8-858f-12becb4d6067_story.html?utm_term=.ee76904c0418\"\n",
    "\n",
    "import urllib.request\n",
    "from bs4 import BeautifulSoup"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 110,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "page = urllib.request.urlopen(url)  # open the url\n",
    "html = page.read()\n",
    "soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'html.parser')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 111,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
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background-image: url('https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://www.washingtonpost.com/player/prod/img/wp_grey.jpg&amp;w=800&amp;h=449'); padding-bottom: 56.20608899297424%;\"> <div class=\"wpv-fixed\"> <div class=\"posttv-video-embed powa\" data-ad-bar=\"1\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.5621\" data-blurb=\"1\" data-live=\"0\" data-object-id=\"5abd39f1e4b03fbed95274c9\" data-org=\"wapo\" data-playthrough=\"1\" data-uuid=\"bbf574c4-3384-11e8-b6bd-0084a1666987\" data-youtube-id=\"\"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script async=\"\" data-loaded-via=\"inline\" src=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/player/prod/powaBoot.js?_=20180517A\"></script> <div class=\"pb-sig-line hasnt-headshot has-0-headshots hasnt-bio is-not-column\"> <span class=\"pb-byline\" itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http://schema.org/Person\"><span class=\"byline-role\">by </span><a href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/damian-paletta\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Damian Paletta</span></a> and <a href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/josh-dawsey/\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Josh Dawsey</span></a></span> <span class=\"pb-byline-tool-mobile\"> <span class=\"pb-byline\" itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http://schema.org/Person\"><span class=\"byline-role\">by </span><a href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/damian-paletta\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Damian Paletta</span></a> and <a href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/josh-dawsey/\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Josh Dawsey</span></a></span> <span class=\"pb-tool email\"><a href=\"mailto:damian.paletta@washpost.com;josh.dawsey@washpost.com?subject=Reader feedback for 'Trump personally pushed postmaster general to double rates on Amazon, other firms'\"><span class=\"fa fa-envelope\"></span><span class=\"envelope-label\">Email the author</span></a></span> </span> <span class=\"pb-timestamp\" content=\"2018-05-18T01:32-500\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">May 18 at 1:32 PM</span> <span class=\"pb-tool email\"><a href=\"mailto:damian.paletta@washpost.com;josh.dawsey@washpost.com?subject=Reader feedback for 'Trump personally pushed postmaster general to double rates on Amazon, other firms'\"><span class=\"fa fa-envelope\"></span><span class=\"envelope-label\">Email the author</span></a></span> <span class=\"pb-bolt\"><i class=\"fa fa-bolt\"></i></span> </div> <article class=\"paywall\" itemprop=\"articleBody\"> <p data-elm-loc=\"1\">President Trump has personally pushed U.S. Postmaster General Megan Brennan to double the rate the Postal Service charges Amazon.com and other firms to ship packages, according to three people familiar with their conversations, a dramatic move that probably would cost these companies billions of dollars.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"2\">Brennan has so far resisted Trump’s demand, explaining in multiple conversations occurring this year and last that these arrangements are bound by contracts and must be reviewed by a regulatory commission, the three people said. She has told the president that the Amazon relationship is beneficial for the Postal Service and gave him a set of slides that showed the variety of companies, in addition to Amazon, that also partner for deliveries.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"3\">Despite these presentations, Trump has continued to level criticism at Amazon. And last month, his critiques culminated in the signing of an executive order mandating a government review of the financially strapped Postal Service that could lead to major changes in the way it charges Amazon and others for package delivery.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"4\">Few U.S. companies have drawn Trump’s ire as much as Amazon, which has rapidly grown to be the second-largest U.S. company in terms of market capitalization. For more than three years, Trump has fumed publicly and privately about the giant commerce and services company and its founder Jeffrey P. Bezos, who is also the owner of The Washington Post.</p> <p class=\"interstitial-link \" data-elm-loc=\"5\"><i>[<a href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/paul-carlin-postmaster-general-who-fought-his-dismissal-dies-at-86/2018/05/16/a4e411e8-584e-11e8-8836-a4a123c359ab_story.html?utm_term=.534ceb533eb9\">Paul Carlin, postmaster general who fought his dismisal, dies at 86</a>]</i></p> <p data-elm-loc=\"6\">Trump alleges that Amazon is being subsidized by the Postal Service. He has also accused The Post of being Amazon’s “chief lobbyist” as well as a tax shelter — false charges. He says Amazon uses these advantages to push bricks-and-mortar companies out of business. Some administration officials say several of Trump’s attacks aimed at Amazon have come in response to articles in The Post that he didn’t like.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"7\">The three people familiar with these exchanges spoke on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the White House’s internal deliberations.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"8\">Brennan and Trump have met at the White House about the matter several times, beginning in 2017, and most recently four months ago, the three people said. The meetings have never appeared on Trump’s public schedule. Brennan has spent her career at the Postal Service, starting 32 years ago as a letter carrier. In 2014, the Postal Service’s Board of Governors voted to appoint her as postmaster general.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"9\">Clouding the matter even further, Trump’s aides have also disagreed internally about whether Amazon is paying enough to the Postal Service, with some believing the giant commerce company should be paying more, while others believe that if it weren’t for Amazon, the Postal Service might be out of business, according to the three people.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"10\">Trump has met with at least three groups of senior advisers to discuss Amazon’s business practices, probing issues such as whether they pay the appropriate amount of taxes or underpay the Postal Service, according to the three people.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"11\">These groups include Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, then-National Economic Council Director Gary Cohn and Domestic Policy Council Director Andrew Bremberg. Bremberg has served as a key liaison with Brennan.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"12\">One of Amazon’s biggest defenders within the White House was Cohn, who had told Trump that the Postal Service actually made money on the payments Amazon made for package delivery. Cohn announced his departure from the White House in March.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"13\">The White House, the Postal Service and Amazon — as well as Bezos, via an Amazon spokesman — declined to comment for this report.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"14\">While Trump has leveled a variety of criticisms at Amazon, his efforts to increase the company’s shipping and delivery costs stand as the only known official action he’s taken to go after the company.</p> <p class=\"interstitial-link \" data-elm-loc=\"15\"><i>[<a href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/04/04/is-the-post-office-making-or-losing-money-delivering-amazon-packages/?utm_term=.d9bb613ce8d9\">Is the post office making or losing money delivering Amazon packages?</a>]</i></p> <p data-elm-loc=\"16\">The company, meanwhile, has tread carefully around Trump. It has dramatically expanded its spending on lobbying in the past few years, according to data from the Center for Responsive Politics, but Amazon officials have not been directly engaged with White House officials about the review, according to the three people familiar with the White House deliberations as well as others familiar with Amazon’s approach.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"17\">The company has, however, hosted more than a dozen lawmakers and governors at numerous Amazon facilities across the country to impress upon them the company’s economic footprint and job creation potential.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"18\">On March 7, when the company announced that it would be building a new fulfillment center in Missouri and hiring 1,500 employees, it alerted the state’s two U.S. senators on Twitter, Democrat Claire McCaskill and Republican Roy Blunt.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"19\">Trump has berated Amazon and The Post on social media, briefly driving down Amazon’s stock price. And he has said publicly that he doesn’t believe the information he has been presented by some of his advisers and Brennan herself regarding the Postal Service’s contract with Amazon.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"20\">“I am right about Amazon costing the United States Post Office massive amounts of money for being their Delivery Boy,” he tweeted on April 3. “Amazon should pay these costs (plus) and not have them bourne by the American Taxpayer. Many billions of dollars. P.O. leaders don’t have a clue (or do they?)!”</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"21\">Details of Amazon’s contract with the Postal Service are secret, making it difficult for financial experts to assess claims about the relationship. Amazon has <a href=\"https://www.prc.gov/Docs/88/88446/13-11-27%20Amazon%20opposition.pdf\">said</a> that publicly releasing the contract, which contains detailed information on the company’s delivery systems, would give competitors an unfair advantage.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"22\">Amazon primarily uses the Postal Service for the “last mile” of its deliveries. It brings the packages to the post office closest to the final destination, and then the Postal Service takes it from there. The Postal Service says other companies also have “last-mile” agreements with it but declined to name them.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"23\">Amazon is the leading player in e-commerce but competes with other retail giants such as Walmart, Macy’s and Costco to offer fast and inexpensive delivery of products. The Postal Service competes with UPS, FedEx and others for delivery.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"24\">Amazon said it spent $21.7 billion on shipping costs in 2017, a figure that includes sorting, delivery center and transportation costs. Roughly 40 percent of its packages are delivered by the Postal Service, according to some analysts, a figure neither Amazon nor the Postal Service have confirmed. It is not known how much Amazon pays the Postal Service each year and what percentage of its items are shipped via the Postal Service.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"25\">The Postal Service, meanwhile, reported shipping and package income of $19.5 billion last year, an 11.8 percent increase from one year before. This increase wasn’t enough to stop the Postal Service from losing money for the eleventh straight year. That’s largely because of the continued decline in first-class mail, and high health benefit costs that the Postal Service must set aside for future retirees, according to data released by the agency.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"26\">Delivering packages has been a financial boon to the Postal Service in an otherwise tumultuous time, but experts say it is an open question whether Amazon’s arrangement fully compensates the Postal Service for its range of expenses. <b></b>While the Postal Service is legally prohibited from charging a shipper less than it costs to deliver a package, the Postal Service is not required to include in its costs things such as retiree benefits.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"27\">David Vernon, an analyst at Bernstein Research, estimates that Amazon pays the Postal Service roughly $2 per package for each delivery, about half of what Amazon would pay United Parcel Service or FedEx. He based this estimate on broader data released by the Postal Service.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"28\">The Postal Service has tried to rapidly adjust its business model to take on more package delivery, but he said it would be better suited if it delivered fewer packages at a higher rate.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"29\">“In my business judgment, there’s too much ‘package’ in the postal network,” he said in an interview. “If you doubled the price, you would have fewer of them, but you would make money off what is left.”</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"30\">Still, Postal Service officials, both in meetings with Trump and publicly, have insisted that they are making money off their arrangement with Amazon.</p> <p class=\"interstitial-link \" data-elm-loc=\"31\"><i>[<a href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/its-not-just-amazon-apple-quietly-explores-northern-virginia-for-20000-jobs/2018/05/16/1c66b3b0-5566-11e8-abd8-265bd07a9859_story.html?utm_term=.321c4ca67ac4\">It’s not just Amazon: Apple quietly explores Northern Virginia for 20,000 workers</a>]</i></p> <p data-elm-loc=\"32\">In January, Postal Service spokesman David Partenheimer wrote an op-ed in the Hill newspaper pushing back against calls for it to raise package rates.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"33\">“Some of our competitors in the package delivery space would dearly love for the Postal Service to aggressively raise our rates higher than the marketplace can bear — so they could either charge more themselves or siphon away postal customers,” he wrote. “. . . The Postal Service is a self-funding public institution that generates its revenue from the sale of postal products and service, we compete for every customer across all of our product categories, and we exist for the benefit of American businesses and consumers.”</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"34\">Because the Postal Service has lost money for 11 straight years, it has had to repeatedly borrow funds from the Treasury Department’s Federal Financing Bank, totaling $15 billion. Its reliance on Federal Financing Bank funds has allowed Mnuchin — one of Trump’s closest advisers — to gain a foothold in its future.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"35\">One of Mnuchin’s counselors, Craig Phillips, is leading Trump’s review of the Postal Service, along with Kathy Kraninger, associate director for general government at the Office of Management and Budget. It is due in August.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"36\">The review group is tasked with reviewing the package delivery market, the Postal Service’s role in that market and the decline in first-class mail volume, among other things. It is required to recommend changes to the White House and Congress.</p> <p class=\"interstitial-link \" data-elm-loc=\"37\"><i>[<a href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/after-amazon-opposition-seattle-passes-compromise-tax-to-fund-homeless-services/2018/05/14/2a7732a2-57b6-11e8-8836-a4a123c359ab_story.html?utm_term=.3f03ccbce088\">After Amazon opposition, Seattle passes compromise tax to fund homeless services</a>]</i></p> <p data-elm-loc=\"38\">The Postal Service is overseen by a board of nine governors, which pick the postmaster general and the deputy postmaster general. Currently, there are no governors serving on the board, though Trump has nominated three individuals who are awaiting Senate confirmation. The Postal Service, led by the postmaster, works out contracts with private companies that are approved by an independent federal agency, the Postal Regulatory Commission, which also assesses each year whether the contracts are in compliance with the law. Amazon has a multiyear contract with the Postal Service, and it is not clear how quickly it could be changed.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"39\">Trump’s attacks on Amazon date to 2015, when he accused Bezos of using The Post as a tax shelter to allow Amazon to avoid paying taxes, a false accusation. (Amazon is a publicly traded company, and The Post, wholly owned by Bezos, is private. The companies’ finances are not intermingled. The Post’s editors and Bezos also have declared that he is not involved in any journalistic decisions.)</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"40\">Bezos responded to Trump’s 2015 attack with a tweet.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"41\">“Finally trashed by @realDonaldTrump. Will still reserve him a seat on the Blue Origin rocket. #sendDonaldtospace,” Bezos, who owns a space company, tweeted in December 2015.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"42\">This angered Trump, who at the time was fighting for credibility during the GOP primary.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"43\">“Trump takes everything personally,” said Steve Moore, a former economic adviser to Trump during the 2016 campaign.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"44\">Moore says he has told White House officials that Amazon is paying the Postal Service plenty for its services and in fact helping the agency survive.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"45\">But others say Trump sees one company exploiting the government for a competitive edge. Amazon’s stock price has risen close to 70 percent in the past year, and a growing list of competitors have complained that they have a hard time competing with the giant company on delivery, its cloud-computing business and more.</p> <p data-elm-loc=\"46\">“I think this particular issue is one that he comes at from his business background and understanding the dynamics of cost and delivery and overhead,” Rep. Mark Meadows (R-N.C.) said of Trump’s approach to the postal issue with Amazon. “And so . . . when you put all those components in there, it allows him to probably have a position on this that is deeper rooted in an understanding of a business model than perhaps some other presidents.”</p> <p class=\"trailer \" data-elm-loc=\"48\"> Erica Werner contributed to this report. </p> <div class=\"extra\" data-elm-loc=\"49\"> </div> </article> <div class=\"clear\"></div> </div> </div> <div class=\"chain-wrapper standard-chain in-chain border-bottom-hairline border-bottom-100-pct pb-layout-item pb-chain pb-c-standard-chain full\" data-chain-name=\"no-name\" id=\"ceK80Z1uzH1kSq\"> <div class=\"chain-content no-skin clear\"> <div class=\"pb-async pb-feature\" id=\"fhwjuc2uzH1kSq\"></div> <div class=\"pb-async pb-feature\" id=\"fNeiHg1uzH1kSq\"></div> <div class=\"clear\"></div> </div> <div class=\"clear\"></div> </div> <div class=\"moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-article-article-author-bio\" data-chain-name=\"no-name\" data-feature-id=\"article/article-author-bio\" data-feature-name=\"no-name\" data-pb-fingerprint=\"0f7Y1cjOKqD\" id=\"fUpLQ61uzH1kSq\" moat-id=\"article/article-author-bio\"> <div class=\"pb-bottom-author-wrapper border-bottom-hairline border-bottom-100-pct\"> <div class=\"pb-bottom-author \"> <div class=\"pb-author-info \"> <div class=\"pb-author-bio\">Damian Paletta is White House economic policy reporter for The Washington Post. 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class=\"market-ad\" data-ad-type=\"marketwatch\" id=\"slug_marketwatch\"></wp-ad> </div> <div class=\"clear\"></div> </div> <div class=\"skin skin-card pb-module-area\" id=\"bb-market-pulse\"> <div class=\"pb-module-body\"> <div class=\"market-diff\"> <div class=\"col-xs-12\"> <div class=\"col-xs-6\"><span class=\"tab-titles\">Dow <span class=\"key-values\">24,715.09</span></span> </div> <div class=\"col-xs-6\"><span class=\"key-titles\">Today </span> <span class=\"pos fa fa-arrow-up key-values\"> </span><span class=\"key-values\"> 0%</span></div> </div> <div class=\"col-xs-12 market-padding\"> <div class=\"col-xs-6\"><span class=\"tab-titles\">S&amp;P <span class=\"key-values\">2,712.97</span></span> </div> <div class=\"col-xs-6\"><span class=\"key-titles\">Today </span> <span class=\"neg fa fa-arrow-down key-values\"> </span><span class=\"key-values\"> 0.26%</span></div> </div> <div class=\"col-xs-12 market-padding\"> <div class=\"col-xs-6\"><span class=\"tab-titles\">NASDAQ <span class=\"key-values\">7,354.34</span></span> </div> <div class=\"col-xs-6\"><span class=\"key-titles\">Today </span> <span class=\"neg fa fa-arrow-down key-values\"> </span><span class=\"key-values\"> 0.38%</span></div> </div> </div> <div class=\"clear\"></div> </div> </div> <div class=\"timestamp\"> Last Updated:4:50 PM 05/19/2018</div> </div></div> <div class=\"pb-async pb-feature\" id=\"fc7g2o1vzH1kSq\"></div> <div class=\"pb-async pb-feature\" id=\"fALXvb2vzH1kSq\"></div> <div class=\"moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-ad-flex-3\" data-chain-name=\"no-name\" data-feature-id=\"ad/flex-3\" data-feature-name=\"no-name\" data-pb-fingerprint=\"0fXmHEvNlqd\" id=\"fM41g92vzH1kSq\" moat-id=\"ad/flex-3\"> <wp-ad class=\"pb-ad-container border-bottom-airy border-bottom-\" data-ad-delivery=\"vi\" data-ad-type-placeholder=\"flex_ss_bb_hp|3\" id=\"slug_flex_ss_bb_hp_3\"></wp-ad> 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      "window.pageBuilder.loadAsync = window.pageBuilder.loadAsync || function(){\n",
      "        window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncFeatures();\n",
      "        window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChains();\n",
      "};\n",
      "\n",
      "window.pageBuilder.loadAsync();\n",
      "\n",
      "</script>>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(soup.prettify)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "As all the tags are nested, we can move through the structure one level at a time. We can first select all the elements at the top level of the page using the children property of soup. Note that children returns a list generator, so we need to call the list function on it:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 131,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'\\n  Var _Uri = \"/Business/Economy/Trump-Personally-Pushed-Postmaster-General-To-Double-Rates-On-Amazon-Other-Firms/2018/05/18/2B6438D2-5931-11E8-858F-12Becb4D6067_Story.Html\"\\n  Var _Context = \"/Pb\"\\n  Var _Outputtype = \"Default-Article\"\\n  Var _Rid = \"Rqfjoc1Uzh1Ksq\"\\n  //Polyfill\\nString.Prototype.Endswith||Object.Defineproperty(String.Prototype,\"Endswith\",{Value:Function(T,E){Var N=This.Tostring();(Void 0===E||E>N.Length)&&(E=N.Length),E-=T.Length;Var R=N.Indexof(T,E);Return-1!==R&&R===E}});\\n/* Async Loader Code Here */\\nWindow.Pagebuilder = Window.Pagebuilder || {};\\n\\nWindow.Pagebuilder.Featureloaded =  Window.Pagebuilder.Featureloaded || Function(){};\\nWindow.Pagebuilder.Chainloaded = Window.Pagebuilder.Chainloaded || Function(Chain,Apiresponse){\\n        Var D = Window.Document;\\n        For (Var I = 0; I < Apiresponse.Featureids.Length; I++) {\\n            Var F = D.Getelementbyid(Apiresponse.Featureids[I]);\\n            Window.Pagebuilder.Featureloaded(F);\\n        }\\n    };\\nWindow.Pagebuilder._Isnestedfeature = Window.Pagebuilder._Isnestedfeature || Function (Element) {\\n        If(!Element.Parentelement) Return False;\\n        Var Parent = Element.Parentelement;\\n        If (Parent.Classname && Parent.Classname.Split(\\' \\').Indexof(\"Pb-Feature\")>=0) Return True;\\n        Return Window.Pagebuilder._Isnestedfeature(Parent);\\n    };\\nWindow.Pagebuilder._Executeasyncfeaturescripts = Window.Pagebuilder._Executeasyncfeaturescripts || Function(S){Eval(S)};\\n\\nWindow.Pagebuilder._Getjson = Window.Pagebuilder._Getjson || Function(Url, Success, Failure) {\\n    Var Xmlhttp;\\n    Failure = Failure|| Function () {};\\n    If (Window.Xmlhttprequest) {\\n        Xmlhttp = New Xmlhttprequest();\\n    } Else {\\n        Xmlhttp = New Activexobject(\"Microsoft.Xmlhttp\");\\n    }\\n    Xmlhttp.Onreadystatechange = Function() {\\n        If (Xmlhttp.Readystate == 4) {\\n            If(Xmlhttp.Status == 200){\\n                Try {\\n                    Success.Call(Null, Json.Parse(Xmlhttp.Responsetext));\\n                } Catch (E) {\\n                    Failure.Call(Null, Xmlhttp, E)\\n                }\\n            } Else  {\\n                Failure.Call(Null, Xmlhttp);\\n            }\\n        }\\n    };\\n    Xmlhttp.Open(\"Get\", Url, True);\\n    Xmlhttp.Send();\\n};\\n\\nWindow.Pagebuilder.Loadasyncfeature = Window.Pagebuilder.Loadasyncfeature || Function (Id) {\\n        Var D = Window.Document;\\n        Function Injectfeaturedom(Id, Featurerendering) {\\n            Var Element = D.Getelementbyid(Id);\\n            Var Resources = Featurerendering.Pageresources || {};\\n            Element.Outerhtml = Featurerendering.Rendering;\\n            Element = D.Getelementbyid(Id); //Update The Element\\n            Var Scripts = Array.Prototype.Slice.Call(Element.Getelementsbytagname(\"Script\"));\\n            For (Var I = 0; I < Scripts.Length; I++) {\\n                If (Scripts[I].Src != \"\") {\\n                    Var S = D.Createelement(\"Script\");\\n                    S.Setattribute(\"Src\", Scripts[I].Src);\\n                    D.Body.Appendchild(S);\\n                }\\n                Else {\\n                    Window.Pagebuilder._Executeasyncfeaturescripts(Scripts[I].Innerhtml); //Eval Isn\\'T Evil Always.\\n                }\\n            }\\n            For(Var File In Resources) {\\n                If(Resources.Hasownproperty(File) && File.Endswith(\".Js\")) {\\n                    Var S1 = D.Createelement(\"Script\");\\n                    S1.Setattribute(\"Src\", Resources[File]);\\n                    D.Body.Appendchild(S1);\\n                }\\n            }\\n            Window.Pagebuilder.Featureloaded(Element);\\n        }\\n        Var Url = _Context + \"/Api/V2/Render/Feature/\"+Id+\"?Rid=\"+_Rid+\"&Contenturi=\"+_Uri;\\n        Window.Pagebuilder._Getjson(Url, Function(Obj) { Injectfeaturedom(Id, Obj); });\\n    };\\n\\nWindow.Pagebuilder.Loadasyncchain = Window.Pagebuilder.Loadasyncchain || Function (Id) {\\n        Var D = Window.Document;\\n        Function Injectchaindom(Id, Apiresponse) {\\n            Var Element = D.Getelementbyid(Id);\\n            Var Resources = Apiresponse.Pageresources || {};\\n            Element.Outerhtml = Apiresponse.Rendering;\\n            Element = D.Getelementbyid(Id); //Update The Element\\n            Var Scripts = Array.Prototype.Slice.Call(Element.Getelementsbytagname(\"Script\"));\\n            For (Var I = 0; I < Scripts.Length; I++) {\\n                If (Scripts[I].Src != \"\") {\\n                    Var S = D.Createelement(\"Script\");\\n                    S.Setattribute(\"Src\", Scripts[I].Src);\\n                    D.Body.Appendchild(S);\\n                }\\n                Else {\\n                    Window.Pagebuilder._Executeasyncfeaturescripts(Scripts[I].Innerhtml); //Eval Isn\\'T Evil Always.\\n                }\\n            }\\n            For(Var File In Resources) {\\n                If(Resources.Hasownproperty(File) && File.Endswith(\".Js\")) {\\n                    Var S1 = D.Createelement(\"Script\");\\n                    S1.Setattribute(\"Src\", Resources[File]);\\n                    D.Body.Appendchild(S1);\\n                }\\n            }\\n            Window.Pagebuilder.Chainloaded(Element,Apiresponse);\\n        }\\n        Var Url = _Context + \"/Api/V2/Render/Chain/\"+Id+\"?Rid=\"+_Rid+\"&Contenturi=\"+_Uri;\\n        Window.Pagebuilder._Getjson(Url, Function(Obj) { Injectchaindom(Id, Obj); });\\n    };\\n\\nWindow.Pagebuilder.Loadasyncfeatures = Window.Pagebuilder.Loadasyncfeatures || Function () {\\n        Var D = Window.Document;\\n        Var Scriptstoadd = [];\\n        Var Featuresloaded = [];\\n        Function Injectasyncfeatures(Apiresp){\\n            For(Var Fid In Apiresp){\\n                If (!Apiresp.Hasownproperty(Fid)) Continue;\\n\\n                Var Element = D.Getelementbyid(Fid);\\n                Var Resources = Apiresp[Fid].Pageresources || {};\\n                Element.Outerhtml = Apiresp[Fid].Rendering;\\n                Element = D.Getelementbyid(Fid); //Update The Element\\n                Var Scripts = Array.Prototype.Slice.Call(Element.Getelementsbytagname(\"Script\"));\\n                For (Var I = 0; I < Scripts.Length; I++) {\\n                    If (Scripts[I].Src != \"\") {\\n                        Var S = D.Createelement(\"Script\");\\n                        S.Setattribute(\"Src\", Scripts[I].Src);\\n                        D.Body.Appendchild(S);\\n                    }\\n                    Else {\\n                        Window.Pagebuilder._Executeasyncfeaturescripts(Scripts[I].Innerhtml); //Eval Isn\\'T Evil Always.\\n                    }\\n                }\\n                For(Var File In Resources) {\\n                    If(Resources.Hasownproperty(File) && File.Endswith(\".Js\")) {\\n                        Resources[File].Foreach(Function(Src){\\n                            If (Scriptstoadd.Indexof(Src) === -1) { Scriptstoadd.Push(Src) }\\n                        });\\n                    }\\n                }\\n                Featuresloaded.Push(Element);\\n            }\\n            Scriptstoadd.Foreach(Function (Src) {\\n                Var S = D.Createelement(\"Script\");\\n                S.Setattribute(\"Src\", Src);\\n                D.Body.Appendchild(S);\\n            });\\n            Featuresloaded.Foreach(Function(Element){\\n                Window.Pagebuilder.Featureloaded(Element);\\n            });\\n        }\\n    Var Url = _Context + \"/Api/V2/Async/Features?Rid=\"+_Rid+\"&Contenturi=\"+_Uri;\\n    Window.Pagebuilder._Getjson(Url, Function(Resp) { Injectasyncfeatures(Resp)});\\n};\\nWindow.Pagebuilder.Loadasyncchains = Window.Pagebuilder.Loadasyncchains || Function () {\\n        Var D = Window.Document;\\n        Var Chains = D.Getelementsbyclassname(\"Pb-Async Pb-Chain\");\\n        Var Ids = [].Slice.Call(Chains).Map(Function (Node) { Return Node.Id; });\\n        Ids.Foreach(Function(Id) {\\n            Window.Pagebuilder.Loadasyncchain(Id);\\n        });\\n    };\\n\\nWindow.Pagebuilder.Loadasync = Window.Pagebuilder.Loadasync || Function(){\\n        Window.Pagebuilder.Loadasyncfeatures();\\n        Window.Pagebuilder.Loadasyncchains();\\n};\\n\\nWindow.Pagebuilder.Loadasync();\\n\\n'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 131,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list(soup.children)\n",
    "html = list(soup.children)[0]\n",
    "\n",
    "body = list(soup.children)[3]\n",
    "p=list(body.children)[0]\n",
    "title =p.title()\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Reading an Excel file and a sheet in excel"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 135,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "election = pd.read_excel('election.xlsx', sheetname='election_obama2') # reads exection excel file and sheet election Obama"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 136,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style>\n",
       "    .dataframe thead tr:only-child th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: left;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Pollster</th>\n",
       "      <th>Start Date</th>\n",
       "      <th>End Date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Entry Date/Time (ET)</th>\n",
       "      <th>Number of Observations</th>\n",
       "      <th>Population</th>\n",
       "      <th>Mode</th>\n",
       "      <th>Obama</th>\n",
       "      <th>Romney</th>\n",
       "      <th>Undecided</th>\n",
       "      <th>Other</th>\n",
       "      <th>Pollster URL</th>\n",
       "      <th>Source URL</th>\n",
       "      <th>Partisan</th>\n",
       "      <th>Affiliation</th>\n",
       "      <th>Question Text</th>\n",
       "      <th>Question Iteration</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Politico/GWU/Battleground</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-05</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-06T08:40:26Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1112/8338...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>YouGov/Economist</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-05</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-26T15:31:23Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>740.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Internet</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://cdn.yougov.com/cumulus_uploads/document...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Gravis Marketing</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-05</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-06T09:22:02Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>872.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.gravispolls.com/2012/11/gravis-mark...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>IBD/TIPP</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-05</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-06T08:51:48Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>712.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://news.investors.com/special-report/50841...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Rasmussen</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-05</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-06T08:47:50Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1500.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>JZ Analytics/Newsmax</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-05</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-06T07:38:41Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1041.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Internet</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.jzanalytics.com/</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sponsor</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rep</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>UPI/CVOTER</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-05</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-05T18:30:15Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>3000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ipsos/Reuters (Web)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-05</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-05T16:12:48Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>4725.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Internet</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/ipsos1105...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>ARG</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-05T13:06:54Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1200.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://americanresearchgroup.com/pres2012/NA12...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D-Americans United for Change)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-04T22:32:19Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1200.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/2011/PP...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sponsor</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>CNN</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-04T20:16:09Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>693.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2012/images/11/04...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>ABC/Post</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-05T16:56:22Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>2345.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>Gallup</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-05T13:48:29Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>2551.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.gallup.com/poll/157817/election-201...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>DailyKos/SEIU/PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-05T13:31:31Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1300.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.dailykos.com/weeklypolling/2012/11/1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sponsor</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>Monmouth</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-05T12:52:03Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1417.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>IVR/Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://cms.monmouth.edu/assets/0/84/159/214748...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>Democracy Corps (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-05T09:41:50Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1080.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/demcorpst...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>Angus-Reid</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-06T08:47:46Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1019.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Internet</td>\n",
       "      <td>51</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/47681/obama-ho...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>NBC/WSJ</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-04T09:12:21Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1475.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/04/...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>YouGov</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-10-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-04T16:24:50Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>36472.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Internet</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://cdn.yougov.com/r/1/ygTabs_november_like...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>Pew</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-10-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-04T15:46:59Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>2709.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.people-press.org/2012/11/04/obama-g...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>UPI/CVOTER</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-03T16:40:44Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1074.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>Rasmussen</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-10-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-03T10:54:09Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1500.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>Purple Strategies</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-10-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-02T12:31:41Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>IVR/Online</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.purplestrategies.com/wp-content/upl...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>JZ Analytics/Newsmax</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-10-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-02T22:57:27Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1030.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Internet</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.jzanalytics.com/</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sponsor</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rep</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D-Americans United for Change)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-10-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-02T05:46:11Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1200.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/2011/PP...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sponsor</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>Politico/GWU/Battleground</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-10-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-04T08:42:53Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://mediarelations.gwu.edu/sites/mediarela...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>UPI/CVOTER</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-10-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-02T11:49:24Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1094.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.scribd.com/doc/111916274/UPI-CVoter...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>Washington Times/JZ Analytics</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-10-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-10-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-04T06:37:30Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>800.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/nov/1...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>ABC/Post</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-10-28</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-10-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-11-01T17:05:21Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1293.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ipsos/Reuters (Web)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-10-27</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-10-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012-10-31T14:56:53Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>4085.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Internet</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/ipsos1031...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>556</th>\n",
       "      <td>CNN</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-10-27</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-10-30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-11-08T12:06:30Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>921.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/11/0...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>557</th>\n",
       "      <td>FOX</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-09-28</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-09-29</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-11-08T12:04:22Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>900.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/100110_fox...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>558</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-09-10</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-09-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-09-17T15:16:02Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>590.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>559</th>\n",
       "      <td>Politico / Penn Schoen Berland</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-08-06</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-08-11</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-11-08T12:00:01Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1668.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Adults</td>\n",
       "      <td>Internet</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>33</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.politico.com/static/PPM152_1008013_...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sponsor</td>\n",
       "      <td>Other</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>560</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-08-06</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-08-09</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-08-13T03:54:21Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>606.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>561</th>\n",
       "      <td>Zogby (Internet)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-07-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-07-19</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-11-08T11:54:08Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>8487.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Internet</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://politics.usnews.com/news/blogs/washingt...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>562</th>\n",
       "      <td>Politico / Penn Schoen Berland</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-07-09</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-07-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-11-08T11:50:54Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1011.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Adults</td>\n",
       "      <td>Internet</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.politico.com/static/PPM136_100718_p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sponsor</td>\n",
       "      <td>Other</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>563</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-07-09</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-07-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-07-15T08:49:24Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>667.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>564</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-06-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-06-07</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-06-10T12:17:39Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>650.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>565</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-05-07</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-05-09</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-05-12T15:17:23Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>707.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>566</th>\n",
       "      <td>CNN</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-04-09</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-04-11</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-11-08T11:40:42Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>907.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>53</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2010/images/04/13...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>567</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-04-09</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-04-11</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-04-15T09:22:40Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>622.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>568</th>\n",
       "      <td>Clarus</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-03-17</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-03-20</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-11-08T11:36:08Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1050.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.clarusrg.com/sites/default/files/Cl...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>569</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-03-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-03-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-03-18T09:19:18Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1403.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>570</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-02-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-02-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-02-18T10:39:08Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>743.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>571</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-01-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-01-19</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-01-22T10:41:32Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1151.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>572</th>\n",
       "      <td>FOX</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-01-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-01-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-11-08T11:26:58Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>900.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/012110_pol...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>573</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-12-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-12-07</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-12-10T08:10:07Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1253.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>574</th>\n",
       "      <td>Rasmussen</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-11-24</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-11-24</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-11-25T08:50:13Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>800.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>575</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-11-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-11-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-11-20T08:45:21Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1066.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>576</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-10-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-10-19</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-10-22T08:16:05Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>766.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>577</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-09-21</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-09-21</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-09-24T10:45:45Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>621.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>578</th>\n",
       "      <td>Clarus</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-08-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-08-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-11-08T11:11:21Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1003.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Live Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>38</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.clarusrg.com/press_releases/2009/Ob...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>579</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-08-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-08-17</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-08-20T08:31:37Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>909.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>580</th>\n",
       "      <td>Rasmussen</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-07-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-07-19</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-11-08T11:05:08Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Likely Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonpartisan</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>581</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-07-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-07-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-11-08T11:02:37Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>577.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>582</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-06-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-06-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-11-08T10:58:00Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>638.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>583</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-05-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-05-18</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-11-08T10:49:08Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>53</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>584</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-04-17</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-04-19</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-11-08T10:45:18Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>686.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>585</th>\n",
       "      <td>PPP (D)</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-03-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009-03-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010-11-08T10:36:31Z</td>\n",
       "      <td>1403.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Registered Voters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Automated Phone</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pollster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dem</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>586 rows × 17 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                Pollster Start Date   End Date  \\\n",
       "0              Politico/GWU/Battleground 2012-11-04 2012-11-05   \n",
       "1                       YouGov/Economist 2012-11-03 2012-11-05   \n",
       "2                       Gravis Marketing 2012-11-03 2012-11-05   \n",
       "3                               IBD/TIPP 2012-11-03 2012-11-05   \n",
       "4                              Rasmussen 2012-11-03 2012-11-05   \n",
       "5                   JZ Analytics/Newsmax 2012-11-03 2012-11-05   \n",
       "6                             UPI/CVOTER 2012-11-03 2012-11-05   \n",
       "7                    Ipsos/Reuters (Web) 2012-11-01 2012-11-05   \n",
       "8                                    ARG 2012-11-02 2012-11-04   \n",
       "9    PPP (D-Americans United for Change) 2012-11-02 2012-11-04   \n",
       "10                                   CNN 2012-11-02 2012-11-04   \n",
       "11                              ABC/Post 2012-11-01 2012-11-04   \n",
       "12                                Gallup 2012-11-01 2012-11-04   \n",
       "13                 DailyKos/SEIU/PPP (D) 2012-11-01 2012-11-04   \n",
       "14                              Monmouth 2012-11-01 2012-11-04   \n",
       "15                   Democracy Corps (D) 2012-11-01 2012-11-04   \n",
       "16                            Angus-Reid 2012-11-01 2012-11-03   \n",
       "17                               NBC/WSJ 2012-11-01 2012-11-03   \n",
       "18                                YouGov 2012-10-31 2012-11-03   \n",
       "19                                   Pew 2012-10-31 2012-11-03   \n",
       "20                            UPI/CVOTER 2012-11-02 2012-11-02   \n",
       "21                             Rasmussen 2012-10-31 2012-11-02   \n",
       "22                     Purple Strategies 2012-10-31 2012-11-01   \n",
       "23                  JZ Analytics/Newsmax 2012-10-30 2012-11-01   \n",
       "24   PPP (D-Americans United for Change) 2012-10-30 2012-11-01   \n",
       "25             Politico/GWU/Battleground 2012-10-29 2012-11-01   \n",
       "26                            UPI/CVOTER 2012-10-26 2012-11-01   \n",
       "27         Washington Times/JZ Analytics 2012-10-29 2012-10-31   \n",
       "28                              ABC/Post 2012-10-28 2012-10-31   \n",
       "29                   Ipsos/Reuters (Web) 2012-10-27 2012-10-31   \n",
       "..                                   ...        ...        ...   \n",
       "556                                  CNN 2010-10-27 2010-10-30   \n",
       "557                                  FOX 2010-09-28 2010-09-29   \n",
       "558                              PPP (D) 2010-09-10 2010-09-13   \n",
       "559       Politico / Penn Schoen Berland 2010-08-06 2010-08-11   \n",
       "560                              PPP (D) 2010-08-06 2010-08-09   \n",
       "561                     Zogby (Internet) 2010-07-16 2010-07-19   \n",
       "562       Politico / Penn Schoen Berland 2010-07-09 2010-07-14   \n",
       "563                              PPP (D) 2010-07-09 2010-07-12   \n",
       "564                              PPP (D) 2010-06-04 2010-06-07   \n",
       "565                              PPP (D) 2010-05-07 2010-05-09   \n",
       "566                                  CNN 2010-04-09 2010-04-11   \n",
       "567                              PPP (D) 2010-04-09 2010-04-11   \n",
       "568                               Clarus 2010-03-17 2010-03-20   \n",
       "569                              PPP (D) 2010-03-12 2010-03-14   \n",
       "570                              PPP (D) 2010-02-13 2010-02-15   \n",
       "571                              PPP (D) 2010-01-18 2010-01-19   \n",
       "572                                  FOX 2010-01-12 2010-01-13   \n",
       "573                              PPP (D) 2009-12-04 2009-12-07   \n",
       "574                            Rasmussen 2009-11-24 2009-11-24   \n",
       "575                              PPP (D) 2009-11-13 2009-11-15   \n",
       "576                              PPP (D) 2009-10-16 2009-10-19   \n",
       "577                              PPP (D) 2009-09-21 2009-09-21   \n",
       "578                               Clarus 2009-08-14 2009-08-18   \n",
       "579                              PPP (D) 2009-08-14 2009-08-17   \n",
       "580                            Rasmussen 2009-07-18 2009-07-19   \n",
       "581                              PPP (D) 2009-07-15 2009-07-16   \n",
       "582                              PPP (D) 2009-06-12 2009-06-16   \n",
       "583                              PPP (D) 2009-05-14 2009-05-18   \n",
       "584                              PPP (D) 2009-04-17 2009-04-19   \n",
       "585                              PPP (D) 2009-03-13 2009-03-15   \n",
       "\n",
       "     Entry Date/Time (ET)  Number of Observations         Population  \\\n",
       "0    2012-11-06T08:40:26Z                  1000.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "1    2012-11-26T15:31:23Z                   740.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "2    2012-11-06T09:22:02Z                   872.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "3    2012-11-06T08:51:48Z                   712.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "4    2012-11-06T08:47:50Z                  1500.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "5    2012-11-06T07:38:41Z                  1041.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "6    2012-11-05T18:30:15Z                  3000.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "7    2012-11-05T16:12:48Z                  4725.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "8    2012-11-05T13:06:54Z                  1200.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "9    2012-11-04T22:32:19Z                  1200.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "10   2012-11-04T20:16:09Z                   693.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "11   2012-11-05T16:56:22Z                  2345.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "12   2012-11-05T13:48:29Z                  2551.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "13   2012-11-05T13:31:31Z                  1300.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "14   2012-11-05T12:52:03Z                  1417.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "15   2012-11-05T09:41:50Z                  1080.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "16   2012-11-06T08:47:46Z                  1019.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "17   2012-11-04T09:12:21Z                  1475.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "18   2012-11-04T16:24:50Z                 36472.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "19   2012-11-04T15:46:59Z                  2709.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "20   2012-11-03T16:40:44Z                  1074.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "21   2012-11-03T10:54:09Z                  1500.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "22   2012-11-02T12:31:41Z                  1000.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "23   2012-11-02T22:57:27Z                  1030.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "24   2012-11-02T05:46:11Z                  1200.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "25   2012-11-04T08:42:53Z                  1000.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "26   2012-11-02T11:49:24Z                  1094.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "27   2012-11-04T06:37:30Z                   800.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "28   2012-11-01T17:05:21Z                  1293.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "29   2012-10-31T14:56:53Z                  4085.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "..                    ...                     ...                ...   \n",
       "556  2010-11-08T12:06:30Z                   921.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "557  2010-11-08T12:04:22Z                   900.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "558  2010-09-17T15:16:02Z                   590.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "559  2010-11-08T12:00:01Z                  1668.0             Adults   \n",
       "560  2010-08-13T03:54:21Z                   606.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "561  2010-11-08T11:54:08Z                  8487.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "562  2010-11-08T11:50:54Z                  1011.0             Adults   \n",
       "563  2010-07-15T08:49:24Z                   667.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "564  2010-06-10T12:17:39Z                   650.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "565  2010-05-12T15:17:23Z                   707.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "566  2010-11-08T11:40:42Z                   907.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "567  2010-04-15T09:22:40Z                   622.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "568  2010-11-08T11:36:08Z                  1050.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "569  2010-03-18T09:19:18Z                  1403.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "570  2010-02-18T10:39:08Z                   743.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "571  2010-01-22T10:41:32Z                  1151.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "572  2010-11-08T11:26:58Z                   900.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "573  2009-12-10T08:10:07Z                  1253.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "574  2009-11-25T08:50:13Z                   800.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "575  2009-11-20T08:45:21Z                  1066.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "576  2009-10-22T08:16:05Z                   766.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "577  2009-09-24T10:45:45Z                   621.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "578  2010-11-08T11:11:21Z                  1003.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "579  2009-08-20T08:31:37Z                   909.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "580  2010-11-08T11:05:08Z                  1000.0      Likely Voters   \n",
       "581  2010-11-08T11:02:37Z                   577.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "582  2010-11-08T10:58:00Z                   638.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "583  2010-11-08T10:49:08Z                  1000.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "584  2010-11-08T10:45:18Z                   686.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "585  2010-11-08T10:36:31Z                  1403.0  Registered Voters   \n",
       "\n",
       "                Mode  Obama  Romney  Undecided  Other  \\\n",
       "0         Live Phone     47      47        6.0    NaN   \n",
       "1           Internet     49      47        3.0    NaN   \n",
       "2    Automated Phone     48      48        4.0    NaN   \n",
       "3         Live Phone     50      49        NaN    1.0   \n",
       "4    Automated Phone     48      49        NaN    NaN   \n",
       "5           Internet     47      47        6.0    NaN   \n",
       "6         Live Phone     49      48        NaN    NaN   \n",
       "7           Internet     48      46        4.0    2.0   \n",
       "8         Live Phone     49      49        1.0    1.0   \n",
       "9    Automated Phone     50      48        3.0    NaN   \n",
       "10        Live Phone     49      49        2.0    NaN   \n",
       "11        Live Phone     50      47        1.0    1.0   \n",
       "12        Live Phone     48      49        NaN    NaN   \n",
       "13   Automated Phone     50      48        2.0    NaN   \n",
       "14    IVR/Live Phone     48      48        2.0    2.0   \n",
       "15        Live Phone     49      45        NaN    1.0   \n",
       "16          Internet     51      48        NaN    1.0   \n",
       "17        Live Phone     48      47        3.0    2.0   \n",
       "18          Internet     49      47        3.0    NaN   \n",
       "19        Live Phone     48      45        NaN    3.0   \n",
       "20        Live Phone     49      48        NaN    NaN   \n",
       "21   Automated Phone     48      48        2.0    1.0   \n",
       "22        IVR/Online     47      46        7.0    NaN   \n",
       "23          Internet     48      46        6.0    NaN   \n",
       "24   Automated Phone     49      48        3.0    NaN   \n",
       "25        Live Phone     48      48        3.0    NaN   \n",
       "26        Live Phone     48      48        NaN    NaN   \n",
       "27        Live Phone     49      49        NaN    NaN   \n",
       "28        Live Phone     49      48        NaN    NaN   \n",
       "29          Internet     47      46        4.0    3.0   \n",
       "..               ...    ...     ...        ...    ...   \n",
       "556       Live Phone     45      50        1.0    3.0   \n",
       "557       Live Phone     41      40       11.0    7.0   \n",
       "558  Automated Phone     46      43       11.0    NaN   \n",
       "559         Internet     42      33       24.0    NaN   \n",
       "560  Automated Phone     45      42       13.0    NaN   \n",
       "561         Internet     45      43        NaN    NaN   \n",
       "562         Internet     39      35       26.0    NaN   \n",
       "563  Automated Phone     43      46       11.0    NaN   \n",
       "564  Automated Phone     45      42       13.0    NaN   \n",
       "565  Automated Phone     46      44       11.0    NaN   \n",
       "566       Live Phone     53      45        NaN    1.0   \n",
       "567  Automated Phone     44      45       10.0    NaN   \n",
       "568       Live Phone     45      41       14.0    NaN   \n",
       "569  Automated Phone     44      44       12.0    NaN   \n",
       "570  Automated Phone     45      43       12.0    NaN   \n",
       "571  Automated Phone     44      42       15.0    NaN   \n",
       "572       Live Phone     47      35       10.0    5.0   \n",
       "573  Automated Phone     47      42       12.0    NaN   \n",
       "574  Automated Phone     44      44        5.0    6.0   \n",
       "575  Automated Phone     48      43        9.0    NaN   \n",
       "576  Automated Phone     48      40       12.0    NaN   \n",
       "577  Automated Phone     48      39       13.0    NaN   \n",
       "578       Live Phone     47      38       15.0    NaN   \n",
       "579  Automated Phone     47      40       12.0    NaN   \n",
       "580  Automated Phone     45      45        3.0    7.0   \n",
       "581  Automated Phone     49      40       11.0    NaN   \n",
       "582  Automated Phone     48      40       12.0    NaN   \n",
       "583  Automated Phone     53      35       12.0    NaN   \n",
       "584  Automated Phone     50      39       11.0    NaN   \n",
       "585  Automated Phone     44      44       12.0    NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                          Pollster URL  \\\n",
       "0    http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "1    http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "2    http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "3    http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "4    http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "5    http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "6    http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "7    http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "8    http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "9    http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "10   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "11   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "12   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "13   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "14   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "15   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "16   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "17   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "18   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "19   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "20   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "21   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "22   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "23   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "24   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "25   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "26   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "27   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "28   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "29   http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "..                                                 ...   \n",
       "556  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "557  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "558  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "559  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "560  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "561  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "562  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "563  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "564  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "565  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "566  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "567  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "568  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "569  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "570  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "571  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "572  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "573  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "574  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "575  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "576  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "577  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "578  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "579  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "580  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "581  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "582  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "583  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "584  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "585  http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/p...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                            Source URL     Partisan  \\\n",
       "0    http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1112/8338...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "1    http://cdn.yougov.com/cumulus_uploads/document...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "2    http://www.gravispolls.com/2012/11/gravis-mark...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "3    http://news.investors.com/special-report/50841...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "4    http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "5                          http://www.jzanalytics.com/      Sponsor   \n",
       "6                                                  NaN  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "7    http://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/ipsos1105...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "8    http://americanresearchgroup.com/pres2012/NA12...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "9    http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/2011/PP...      Sponsor   \n",
       "10   http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2012/images/11/04...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "11   http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "12   http://www.gallup.com/poll/157817/election-201...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "13     http://www.dailykos.com/weeklypolling/2012/11/1      Sponsor   \n",
       "14   http://cms.monmouth.edu/assets/0/84/159/214748...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "15   http://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/demcorpst...     Pollster   \n",
       "16   http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/47681/obama-ho...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "17   http://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/04/...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "18   http://cdn.yougov.com/r/1/ygTabs_november_like...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "19   http://www.people-press.org/2012/11/04/obama-g...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "20                                                 NaN  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "21   http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "22   http://www.purplestrategies.com/wp-content/upl...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "23                         http://www.jzanalytics.com/      Sponsor   \n",
       "24   http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/2011/PP...      Sponsor   \n",
       "25   https://mediarelations.gwu.edu/sites/mediarela...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "26   http://www.scribd.com/doc/111916274/UPI-CVoter...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "27   http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/nov/1...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "28   http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "29   http://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/ipsos1031...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "..                                                 ...          ...   \n",
       "556  http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/11/0...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "557  http://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/100110_fox...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "558  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...     Pollster   \n",
       "559  http://www.politico.com/static/PPM152_1008013_...      Sponsor   \n",
       "560  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...     Pollster   \n",
       "561  http://politics.usnews.com/news/blogs/washingt...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "562  http://www.politico.com/static/PPM136_100718_p...      Sponsor   \n",
       "563  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...     Pollster   \n",
       "564  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...     Pollster   \n",
       "565  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...     Pollster   \n",
       "566  http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2010/images/04/13...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "567  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...     Pollster   \n",
       "568  http://www.clarusrg.com/sites/default/files/Cl...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "569  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...     Pollster   \n",
       "570  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...     Pollster   \n",
       "571  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...     Pollster   \n",
       "572  http://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/012110_pol...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "573  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...     Pollster   \n",
       "574  http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "575  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...     Pollster   \n",
       "576  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...     Pollster   \n",
       "577  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...     Pollster   \n",
       "578  http://www.clarusrg.com/press_releases/2009/Ob...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "579  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...     Pollster   \n",
       "580  http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content...  Nonpartisan   \n",
       "581  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...     Pollster   \n",
       "582  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...     Pollster   \n",
       "583  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...     Pollster   \n",
       "584  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/surveys...     Pollster   \n",
       "585  http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Rel...     Pollster   \n",
       "\n",
       "    Affiliation  Question Text  Question Iteration  \n",
       "0          None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "1          None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "2          None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "3          None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "4          None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "5           Rep            NaN                   1  \n",
       "6          None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "7          None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "8          None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "9           Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "10         None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "11         None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "12         None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "13          Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "14         None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "15          Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "16         None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "17         None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "18         None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "19         None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "20         None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "21         None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "22         None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "23          Rep            NaN                   1  \n",
       "24          Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "25         None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "26         None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "27         None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "28         None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "29         None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "..          ...            ...                 ...  \n",
       "556        None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "557        None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "558         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "559       Other            NaN                   1  \n",
       "560         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "561        None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "562       Other            NaN                   1  \n",
       "563         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "564         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "565         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "566        None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "567         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "568        None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "569         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "570         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "571         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "572        None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "573         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "574        None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "575         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "576         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "577         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "578        None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "579         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "580        None            NaN                   1  \n",
       "581         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "582         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "583         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "584         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "585         Dem            NaN                   1  \n",
       "\n",
       "[586 rows x 17 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 136,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "election"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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