A CGI-based likes and comments system for the Gemini protocol, inspired by gemlikes.
This is slightly less of a toy project than gemlikes claims to be, meaning that it still probably won't stand up to any true loads and has obvious shortcomings, but all of the things that I didn't like about gemlikes were rectified. Namely:
- There's only one executable, and you can name it whatever you like.
- No temporary files are created during operation.
- Page titles on comment pages are read from actual pages, and filenames are used only if the actual pages don't have a level 1 header.
- Comments can contain newlines and links.
- What passes for a database is more resilient to user input.
- Comments require a client certificate to enter by default, you can turn this off. Likes do not.
- Comments handle nicknames more gracefully.
- When a nickname isn't given, a nickname for comment author is extracted from their certificate itself, if possible.
- Identifying markers of comment authors -- that is, client certificate hashes, or IP addresses, if you turned off certificate requirement -- are further hashed with a salt, and rendered as a string of emoji, preventing impersonation of people who wrote comments previously.
- You don't have to keep the configuration file inside gemini server root, so nobody can read your salt or learn things about your directory structure from it.
You might not care about these, it is a matter of taste. But if you do, I hope this comes in useful.
You can use the statically compiled binaries from the releases page. Currently, only binaries for Linux x64 and Raspberry x32 are provided.
Nimlike is, as the name implies, written in Nim, which is my current language of choice for jobs like these. You can compile it from source by getting Nim installed and building it yourself:
nimble build -d:release -d:stripThis results in a single nimlike binary which goes into your server's cgi-bin location and can be named whatever you like.
nimlike and lives in /cgi-bin/nimlike somewhere in the root of your Gemini server.
- Your Gemini server must support CGI. Obviously. Not all of them do.
- It must correctly follow the CGI standard. In particular, it must handle PATH_INFO and SCRIPT_NAME variables properly.
- If you're requiring client certificates to comment, which is the default, some extra non-standard variables must be set. There's no gemini standard for gemini-specific variables -- some things in the CGI standard obviously don't apply, while there's some debate on where the things specific to Gemini, like client certificate information, should go.
AUTH_INFOmust contain the stringCertificateif the user is presenting a client certificate.- Either
TLS_CLIENT_SUBJECTorREMOTE_USERmust contain a certificate identification string -- the one that looks like/CN=foo/emailAddress=..... TLS_CLIENT_HASHmust contain the certificate hash.
To my knowledge, Molly Brown and gmid both qualify, but there's a lot of gemini servers out there and I don't know if yours does. The only one actually tested with so far is gmid. If a given popular server does something else with this information, I could see about adapting nimlike to handle it as well, but no promises. As long as it passes on everything required, it can be done.
The other assumptions are:
- Every file you might want to comment on is accessible under server root, at a path that will be present in its actual URL. I.e. that there is a one-to-one URL/filename correspondence, at least for files that need access to the comment system.
- All of the file names for such files will match one (configurable) regular expression.
- If you're using pretty URLs -- that is, do things like pointing an url at
/my-cool-post/while the actual file the post is in is/my-cool-post/index.gmi-- that the default file to be served is indeed namedindex.gmi. It should work even in that situation, butindex.gmiis currently hard-coded.
Failure to observe these assumptions will only mean that for files that don't fit them, nimlike will show an error 59 instead of a comment page, so depending on how your site is organized, they may be a deal-breaker or completely irrelevant.
There is currently very little of that, but client certificates should at least discourage casual spamming a little.
- A post can only be liked by a given IP address once.
- You can set the maximum number of comments a given IP address (rather than certificate) may leave per post.
I am of a mind that, barring the actual security holes, reacting to people actually engaging in abuse, rather than preventively trying to block legitimate things they might abuse, makes more sense for a hobby tool like that. Clbuttic mistakes are best avoided.
That said, it is very much recommended to disallow access to nimlike in your robots.txt:
User-agent: *
Disallow: /cgi-bin/nimlike/
There are bots which ignore this, and there's no POST in Gemini, so there's nothing the bots usually won't do, and we can't do anything about that. A bot coming over and accidentally liking all of your posts out of the blue is still just as much a problem as it was.
Here's an example of what a comment page looks like:
# My Cool Post
This post was ❤️ by 1 readers.
## Comments:
──── 2022-02-19: r2aze commented,
> I have written a most marvelous proof, which this margin is too narrow to contain.
=> https://google.com See google
ID hash: ✡🛥🗡⏮🎳
────
## Writing comments:
* Leaving a like or comment records your IP address, for obvious reasons. It's never shown to anyone.
* Newlines are allowed in comments, if your browser can send them. Gemini links will work, if put on a separate line.
* You can state a nickname by starting your comment with "<nickname>:<space or newline>"
* You need to present a client certificate to leave a comment.
* If you don't supply a nickname, it will be taken from your certificate's UID or CN.
* If a nickname cannot be determined, you will be called "Anonymous".
=> /cgi-bin/nimlike/like/archive/my-cool-post.gmi ❤️ Like this post
=> /cgi-bin/nimlike/comment/archive/my-cool-post.gmi 💬 Add a comment
=> /archive/my-cool-post.gmi ↩ Go back
This also neatly illustrates some of the distinctive capabilities of nimlike.
Assuming a file located at /foo/bar/my-cool-post.gmi (rather than named my-cool-post.gmi which is what would be relevant to gemlikes) needs comments and likes, put a link in it:
=> /cgi-bin/nimlike/show/foo/bar/my-cool-post.gmi View comments and likes
To be more precise, the requisite URL is <path to nimlike executable>/show/<full path to target page sans the opening slash>.
Database, or what passes for it, is stored in jsonl files -- that is, blocks of compressed JSON separated by newlines. Similarly, records of likes are one-IP-address-per-line text files with a trailing newline. There hardly is a need for a true database in this application -- my comment system for my html blog, which shares a lot of design ideas with nimlike, doesn't have one either. The big difference is that there, frontend reads the jsonl files directly and takes care of rendering, so less sensitive information is stored. There's no frontend in Gemini space, so nimlike takes care of it by itself.
Each URL's "database" is a single file. The names of the files are sha1 hashes of their URL, so it's irrelevant what you get up to in your URLs or how long they are. If you need to move a post to a new URL, you will have to figure out the new hash (just leave a like and see which file got created) and rename the files.
This allows you to keep the database in a git repository, as well as do mass edits on it with existing command-line tools and things like jq.
At the moment, if you don't like the particular rendering of the comment page, you still need to edit the source code, but if there's enough demand for it, I might adopt a templating language for the purpose.
The regular expression library used in Nimlike is not PCRE -- I had to use an alternate one, because PCRE was interfering with static compilation. It should be closely compatible, with the exception of backreferences, which you aren't likely to need, since it's primarily used for matching filenames anyway.
You can check the full documentation for nim-regex for the specifics.
On startup, nimlike looks for a configuration file. If the environment variable NIMLIKE_CONFIG_FILE is set to a file name, (absolute path please) configuration will be loaded from there. Gmid, for one, allows you to set CGI environment variables in server config, and others might have a similar feature -- or, if they pass their own environment variables to their cgi children, you could set it above them.
Otherwise, the file named nimlike.ini will be sought in the current directory, wherever that is. I'll just quote it here for ease of reading:
;; Nimlike config
[nimlike]
;; Where the server root is. Needs an absolute path.
server_root=/home/mihara/Projects/blog/gemini/
;; Where we keep our "database", which is a directory that must be writable by
;; the server and/or its cgi children, somewhere outside server root.
;; It will not be created automatically.
;;
;; Comments will be in *.jsonl
;; Likes will be in *.txt
;;
data=/home/mihara/Projects/blog/gemini-nimlike/
;; Regexp to tell commentable files from non-commentable in a generic way. If
;; it matches the filename, comment is allowed, unless it also matches any of
;; the forbid regexps below.
;;
;; Needs to be written with r"" like that to work, that's Nim syntax.
;; The syntax for the regular expression itself is (more or less) PCRE.
allow = r"\.gmi$"
;; Salt for the emoji hash function.
salt = "moderatelywickedwitchoftheeast"
;; The name for commenters for whom a nickname cannot be determined.
anonymous = Anonymous
;; You can uncomment this to disable like functionality while leaving in the
;; comments.
;disable_likes = true
;; By default, there is no limit to how many comments a given IP address may
;; leave per post. You can set it by uncommenting this value.
;comment_limit = 5
;; You can disable the requirement for client certificates to leave a comment
;; by setting this option to true. By default it's false.
;disable_certs = true
[forbid]
;; A list, one per line, of URL regexps, leading slash excluded, on which comments
;; and likes are forbidden.
;; I use it to exclude pages like tag and post lists.
r"^archive.gmi"
r"^tags.gmi"
r"^index.gmi"
r"^categories/.*"
r"^tags/.*"I believe the above comments are sufficient to explain what does what. You can also check out the extensively commented source code.
This program is licensed under the MIT license, the full text of which you can find in the LICENSE file.