FollowCamera.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class FollowCamera : MonoBehaviour {

	// Distance in the x axis the player can move before the camera follows.
	public float xMargin = 1.5f;

	// Distance in the y axis the player can move before the camera follows.
	public float yMargin = 1.5f;

	// How smoothly the camera catches up with its target movement in the x axis.
	public float xSmooth = 1.5f;

	// How smoothly the camera catches up with its target movement in the y axis.
	public float ySmooth = 1.5f;

	// The maximum x and y coordinates the camera can have.
	public Vector2 maxXandY;

	// The minimum x and y coordinates the camera can have.
	public Vector2 minXandY;

	// Reference to the player's transform.
	public Transform player;

	void Awake() {
		// Setting up the reference.
		player = GameObject.Find("Player").transform;
		transform.position = new Vector3(player.transform.position.x, player.transform.position.y,transform.position.z);

		if (player == null) {
			Debug.LogError("Player object not found");
		}
	}

	void FixedUpdate() {
		// By default the target x and y coordinates of the camera are it’s current x and y coordinates.
		float targetX = transform.position.x;
		float targetY = transform.position.y;

		// If the player has moved beyond the x margin…
		if (CheckXMargin()) {
			// the target x coordinate should be a Lerp between the camera’s current x position and the player’s current x position
			targetX = Mathf.Lerp(transform.position.x, player.position.x, xSmooth * Time.fixedDeltaTime);
		}

		// If the player has moved beyond the y margin…
		if (CheckYMargin()) {
			// the target y coordinate should be a Lerp between the camera’s current y position and the player’s current y position
			targetY = Mathf.Lerp(transform.position.y, player.position.y, ySmooth * Time.fixedDeltaTime);
		}

		// The target x and y coordinates should not be larger than the maximum or smaller than the minimum.
		targetX = Mathf.Clamp(targetX, minXandY.x, maxXandY.x);
		targetY = Mathf.Clamp(targetY, minXandY.y, maxXandY.y);

		// Set the camera’s position to the target position with the same z component.
		transform.position = new Vector3(targetX, targetY,transform.position.z);
	}

	bool CheckXMargin() {
		// Returns true if the distance between the camera and the player in the x axis is greater than the x margin.
		return Mathf.Abs(transform.position.x - player.position.x) > xMargin;
	}

	bool CheckYMargin() {
		// Returns true if the distance between the camera and the player in the y axis is greater than the y margin.
		return Mathf.Abs(transform.position.y - player.position.y) > yMargin;
	}
}