diff --git a/docs/source/tutorials/10_Process.ipynb b/docs/source/tutorials/10_Process.ipynb
index 2a4817a6..945c66f0 100644
--- a/docs/source/tutorials/10_Process.ipynb
+++ b/docs/source/tutorials/10_Process.ipynb
@@ -82,15 +82,7 @@
    "execution_count": 2,
    "id": "3dc1138e",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "This tutorial was made with qsdsan v1.2.5.\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "import qsdsan as qs\n",
     "print(f'This tutorial was made with qsdsan v{qs.__version__}.')"
@@ -117,24 +109,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 4,
+   "execution_count": 3,
    "id": "61b1bd62",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/html": [
-       "<img src=\"https://lucid.app/publicSegments/view/2c231fa2-6065-46b9-83af-a790ce38b6c0/image.png\" width=\"600\"/>"
-      ],
-      "text/plain": [
-       "<IPython.core.display.Image object>"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 4,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "Image(url='https://lucid.app/publicSegments/view/2c231fa2-6065-46b9-83af-a790ce38b6c0/image.png', width=600)"
    ]
@@ -158,21 +136,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 5,
+   "execution_count": 4,
    "id": "75766cf7",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "qsdsan._process.Process"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 5,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# If you check\n",
     "qs.Process\n",
@@ -192,21 +159,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 6,
+   "execution_count": 5,
    "id": "50db4564",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "<module 'qsdsan.processes' from 'C:\\\\Users\\\\joy_c\\\\anaconda3\\\\envs\\\\tut\\\\lib\\\\site-packages\\\\qsdsan\\\\processes\\\\__init__.py'>"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 6,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# If you check\n",
     "qs.processes"
@@ -222,37 +178,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 7,
+   "execution_count": 6,
    "id": "fc717b78",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "('DiffusedAeration',\n",
-       " 'create_asm1_cmps',\n",
-       " 'ASM1',\n",
-       " 'create_asm2d_cmps',\n",
-       " 'ASM2d',\n",
-       " 'create_adm1_cmps',\n",
-       " 'ADM1',\n",
-       " 'non_compet_inhibit',\n",
-       " 'substr_inhibit',\n",
-       " 'T_correction_factor',\n",
-       " 'pH_inhibit',\n",
-       " 'Hill_inhibit',\n",
-       " 'rhos_adm1',\n",
-       " 'Decay',\n",
-       " 'KineticReaction',\n",
-       " 'create_pm2_cmps',\n",
-       " 'PM2')"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 7,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# To see the list of objects that can be directly imported from this folder\n",
     "qs.processes.__all__"
@@ -270,39 +199,12 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 8,
+   "execution_count": 7,
    "id": "6e6931bb",
    "metadata": {
     "scrolled": true
    },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "{'__all__',\n",
-       " '__builtins__',\n",
-       " '__cached__',\n",
-       " '__doc__',\n",
-       " '__file__',\n",
-       " '__loader__',\n",
-       " '__name__',\n",
-       " '__package__',\n",
-       " '__path__',\n",
-       " '__spec__',\n",
-       " '_adm1',\n",
-       " '_aeration',\n",
-       " '_asm1',\n",
-       " '_asm2d',\n",
-       " '_decay',\n",
-       " '_kinetic_reaction',\n",
-       " '_pm2'}"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 8,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# You can see other attributes of the `qs.processes` folder with the `dir` function\n",
     "set(dir(qs.processes)) - set(qs.processes.__all__)"
@@ -318,21 +220,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 9,
+   "execution_count": 8,
    "id": "82751cf8",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "<module 'qsdsan.processes._asm1' from 'C:\\\\Users\\\\joy_c\\\\anaconda3\\\\envs\\\\tut\\\\lib\\\\site-packages\\\\qsdsan\\\\processes\\\\_asm1.py'>"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 9,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# For example, `_asm1.py` is a script in the `processes` folder.\n",
     "qs.processes._asm1"
@@ -363,18 +254,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 10,
+   "execution_count": 9,
    "id": "7e4b98a4",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "CompiledComponents([S_I, S_S, X_I, X_S, X_BH, X_BA, X_P, S_O, S_NO, S_NH, S_ND, X_ND, S_ALK, S_N2, H2O])\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Before we get to the subsections, let's get ready by loading ASM1-related objects in qsdsan\n",
     "from qsdsan.processes import create_asm1_cmps, ASM1\n",
@@ -394,27 +277,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 11,
+   "execution_count": 10,
    "id": "2b7ccd5b",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Thermo(\n",
-      "    chemicals=CompiledComponents([S_I, S_S, X_I, X_S, X_BH, X_BA, X_P, S_O, S_NO, S_NH, S_ND, X_ND, S_ALK, S_N2, H2O]),\n",
-      "    mixture=Mixture(\n",
-      "        rule='ideal', ...\n",
-      "        include_excess_energies=False\n",
-      "    ),\n",
-      "    Gamma=DortmundActivityCoefficients,\n",
-      "    Phi=IdealFugacityCoefficients,\n",
-      "    PCF=MockPoyintingCorrectionFactors\n",
-      ")\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# By default, the thermo is set with this `CompiledComponents` object upon its creation.\n",
     "# We can verify that by calling the `get_thermo` function\n",
@@ -423,21 +289,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 12,
+   "execution_count": 11,
    "id": "948340c9",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "(qsdsan._process.CompiledProcesses,)"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 12,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Next we need to create an instance of the ASM1 model\n",
     "# We can see that `ASM1` is a subclass of `CompiledProcesses`, so it can be used for demonstration\n",
@@ -447,7 +302,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 13,
+   "execution_count": 12,
    "id": "7357bed8",
    "metadata": {
     "scrolled": true
@@ -460,20 +315,12 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 14,
+   "execution_count": 13,
    "id": "bdf27943",
    "metadata": {
     "scrolled": true
    },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "ASM1([aero_growth_hetero, anox_growth_hetero, aero_growth_auto, decay_hetero, decay_auto, ammonification, hydrolysis, hydrolysis_N])\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Without getting into the details of ASM1, we will leave all parameters at their default values \n",
     "asm1 = ASM1()\n",
@@ -503,43 +350,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 15,
+   "execution_count": 14,
    "id": "25a826a8",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Process: aero_growth_hetero\n",
-      "[stoichiometry]      S_S: -1.0/Y_H\n",
-      "                     X_BH: 1.00\n",
-      "                     S_O: 1.0*(Y_H - 1.0)/Y_H\n",
-      "                     S_NH: -0.0800\n",
-      "                     S_ALK: -0.0686\n",
-      "[reference]          X_BH\n",
-      "[rate equation]      S_NH*S_O*S_S*X_BH*mu_H/((K_N...\n",
-      "[parameters]         Y_H: 0.67\n",
-      "                     Y_A: 0.24\n",
-      "                     f_P: 0.08\n",
-      "                     mu_H: 4\n",
-      "                     K_S: 10\n",
-      "                     K_O_H: 0.2\n",
-      "                     K_NO: 0.5\n",
-      "                     b_H: 0.3\n",
-      "                     mu_A: 0.5\n",
-      "                     K_NH: 1\n",
-      "                     K_O_A: 0.4\n",
-      "                     b_A: 0.05\n",
-      "                     eta_g: 0.8\n",
-      "                     k_a: 0.05\n",
-      "                     k_h: 3\n",
-      "                     K_X: 0.1\n",
-      "                     eta_h: 0.8\n",
-      "[dynamic parameters] \n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Let's take the 0th process in `asm1` as an example to learn about `Process`:\n",
     "# p1 = asm1.tuple[0]\n",
@@ -573,25 +387,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 16,
+   "execution_count": 15,
    "id": "baea578a",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "{'S_S': -1.49253731343284,\n",
-       " 'X_BH': 1.00000000000000,\n",
-       " 'S_O': -0.492537313432836,\n",
-       " 'S_NH': -0.0800000000000000,\n",
-       " 'S_ALK': -0.0685997415522571}"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 16,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# For example, we can retrieve information on the stoichiometry of this process\n",
     "p1.stoichiometry"
@@ -611,21 +410,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 17,
+   "execution_count": 16,
    "id": "acb5b8e0",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "'X_BH'"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 17,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# This information can also be accessed by calling the `ref_component` property.\n",
     "p1.ref_component"
@@ -633,26 +421,12 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 18,
+   "execution_count": 17,
    "id": "d0612896",
    "metadata": {
     "scrolled": true
    },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/latex": [
-       "$\\displaystyle \\frac{4.0 S_{NH} S_{O} S_{S} X_{BH}}{\\left(S_{NH} + 1.0\\right) \\left(S_{O} + 0.2\\right) \\left(S_{S} + 10.0\\right)}$"
-      ],
-      "text/plain": [
-       "4.0*S_NH*S_O*S_S*X_BH/((S_NH + 1.0)*(S_O + 0.2)*(S_S + 10.0))"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 18,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Another defining characteristics of a process is its rate equation, which is stored as a\n",
     "# property of the `Process` object\n",
@@ -671,24 +445,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 19,
+   "execution_count": 18,
    "id": "0ce7b4df",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/latex": [
-       "$\\displaystyle \\frac{S_{NH} S_{O} S_{S} X_{BH} \\mu_{H}}{\\left(K_{NH} + S_{NH}\\right) \\left(K_{O H} + S_{O}\\right) \\left(K_{S} + S_{S}\\right)}$"
-      ],
-      "text/plain": [
-       "S_NH*S_O*S_S*X_BH*mu_H/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_O_H + S_O)*(K_S + S_S))"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 19,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# If we access the private attribute\n",
     "p1._rate_equation"
@@ -704,7 +464,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 20,
+   "execution_count": 19,
    "id": "50b77ac8",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
@@ -722,21 +482,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 21,
+   "execution_count": 20,
    "id": "0142f901",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "array([1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.])"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 21,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Now that we've understood the required input to the rate equation, we can try evaluating the\n",
     "# process rate. Let's try with all component concentrations equal to 1.\n",
@@ -755,21 +504,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 22,
+   "execution_count": 21,
    "id": "aceafb27",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "0.15151515151515152"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 22,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Note that the `rate_equation` attribute only stores the formula.\n",
     "# The evaluation of process rate is done through the `rate_function` attribute, which is rendered\n",
@@ -791,37 +529,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 23,
+   "execution_count": 22,
    "id": "62dc9537",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "{'Y_H': 0.67,\n",
-       " 'Y_A': 0.24,\n",
-       " 'f_P': 0.08,\n",
-       " 'mu_H': 4.0,\n",
-       " 'K_S': 10.0,\n",
-       " 'K_O_H': 0.2,\n",
-       " 'K_NO': 0.5,\n",
-       " 'b_H': 0.3,\n",
-       " 'mu_A': 0.5,\n",
-       " 'K_NH': 1.0,\n",
-       " 'K_O_A': 0.4,\n",
-       " 'b_A': 0.05,\n",
-       " 'eta_g': 0.8,\n",
-       " 'k_a': 0.05,\n",
-       " 'k_h': 3.0,\n",
-       " 'K_X': 0.1,\n",
-       " 'eta_h': 0.8}"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 23,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# For `asm1` and the individual processes within `asm1`, parameters are stored as a dictionary\n",
     "p1.parameters\n",
@@ -839,37 +550,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 24,
+   "execution_count": 23,
    "id": "0ab063bf",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "{'Y_H': 0.8,\n",
-       " 'Y_A': 0.24,\n",
-       " 'f_P': 0.08,\n",
-       " 'mu_H': 6.0,\n",
-       " 'K_S': 8.0,\n",
-       " 'K_O_H': 0.2,\n",
-       " 'K_NO': 0.5,\n",
-       " 'b_H': 0.3,\n",
-       " 'mu_A': 0.5,\n",
-       " 'K_NH': 1.0,\n",
-       " 'K_O_A': 0.4,\n",
-       " 'b_A': 0.05,\n",
-       " 'eta_g': 0.8,\n",
-       " 'k_a': 0.05,\n",
-       " 'k_h': 3.0,\n",
-       " 'K_X': 0.1,\n",
-       " 'eta_h': 0.8}"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 24,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# If you update parameter values for `p1`, the same parameters will be updated accordingly for\n",
     "# `asm1` and any other processes in `asm1`.\n",
@@ -879,21 +563,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 25,
+   "execution_count": 24,
    "id": "c69a557c",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "0.2777777777777778"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 25,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# If you evaluate process rate or stoichiometry again with the same input, \n",
     "# you should now expect different output.\n",
@@ -911,21 +584,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 26,
+   "execution_count": 25,
    "id": "b7115278",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "('COD', 'charge', 'N')"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 26,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "p1.conserved_for"
    ]
@@ -940,20 +602,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 27,
+   "execution_count": 26,
    "id": "772e7e78",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stderr",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "C:\\Users\\joy_c\\anaconda3\\envs\\tut\\lib\\site-packages\\qsdsan\\_process.py:499: UserWarning: The following materials aren't strictly conserved by the stoichiometric coefficients. A positive value means the material is created, a negative value means the material is destroyed:\n",
-      " charge: -5.20417042793042E-18\n",
-      "  warn(\"The following materials aren't strictly conserved by the \"\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# No return indicates that all materials in `conserved_for` are conserved.\n",
     "# Otherwise, a warning or a `RuntimeError` will be raised.\n",
@@ -983,21 +635,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 28,
+   "execution_count": 27,
    "id": "b5bde6b2",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "(qsdsan._process.Processes,)"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 28,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "qs.CompiledProcesses.__bases__"
    ]
@@ -1012,21 +653,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 29,
+   "execution_count": 28,
    "id": "3ee5e0dd",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "True"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 29,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Let's verify that\n",
     "isinstance(asm1, qs.CompiledProcesses)"
@@ -1042,18 +672,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 30,
+   "execution_count": 29,
    "id": "9f6ae9b6",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Processes([aero_growth_hetero, anox_growth_hetero, aero_growth_auto, decay_hetero, decay_auto, ammonification, hydrolysis, hydrolysis_N])\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "asm1 = qs.Processes(asm1.tuple)\n",
     "asm1.show()"
@@ -1061,30 +683,12 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 31,
+   "execution_count": 30,
    "id": "3b1e8036",
    "metadata": {
     "scrolled": true
    },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "{'aero_growth_hetero': <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bc9cdb070>,\n",
-       " 'anox_growth_hetero': <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bc84ba9d0>,\n",
-       " 'aero_growth_auto': <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd9641b20>,\n",
-       " 'decay_hetero': <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd9342bb0>,\n",
-       " 'decay_auto': <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd970ba60>,\n",
-       " 'ammonification': <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd9688b80>,\n",
-       " 'hydrolysis': <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd9766340>,\n",
-       " 'hydrolysis_N': <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd96a1730>}"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 31,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Let's see what difference \"decompiling\" made\n",
     "asm1.__dict__"
@@ -1100,191 +704,12 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 32,
+   "execution_count": 31,
    "id": "48443f1d",
    "metadata": {
     "scrolled": true
    },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "{'aero_growth_hetero': <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bc9cdb070>,\n",
-       " 'anox_growth_hetero': <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bc84ba9d0>,\n",
-       " 'aero_growth_auto': <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd9641b20>,\n",
-       " 'decay_hetero': <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd9342bb0>,\n",
-       " 'decay_auto': <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd970ba60>,\n",
-       " 'ammonification': <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd9688b80>,\n",
-       " 'hydrolysis': <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd9766340>,\n",
-       " 'hydrolysis_N': <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd96a1730>,\n",
-       " 'tuple': (<qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bc9cdb070>,\n",
-       "  <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bc84ba9d0>,\n",
-       "  <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd9641b20>,\n",
-       "  <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd9342bb0>,\n",
-       "  <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd970ba60>,\n",
-       "  <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd9688b80>,\n",
-       "  <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd9766340>,\n",
-       "  <qsdsan._process.Process at 0x15bd96a1730>),\n",
-       " 'size': 8,\n",
-       " 'IDs': ('aero_growth_hetero',\n",
-       "  'anox_growth_hetero',\n",
-       "  'aero_growth_auto',\n",
-       "  'decay_hetero',\n",
-       "  'decay_auto',\n",
-       "  'ammonification',\n",
-       "  'hydrolysis',\n",
-       "  'hydrolysis_N'),\n",
-       " '_index': {'aero_growth_hetero': 0,\n",
-       "  'anox_growth_hetero': 1,\n",
-       "  'aero_growth_auto': 2,\n",
-       "  'decay_hetero': 3,\n",
-       "  'decay_auto': 4,\n",
-       "  'ammonification': 5,\n",
-       "  'hydrolysis': 6,\n",
-       "  'hydrolysis_N': 7},\n",
-       " '_components': CompiledComponents([S_I, S_S, X_I, X_S, X_BH, X_BA, X_P, S_O, S_NO, S_NH, S_ND, X_ND, S_ALK, S_N2, H2O]),\n",
-       " '_parameters': {'Y_H': 0.8,\n",
-       "  'Y_A': 0.24,\n",
-       "  'f_P': 0.08,\n",
-       "  'mu_H': 6.0,\n",
-       "  'K_S': 8.0,\n",
-       "  'K_O_H': 0.2,\n",
-       "  'K_NO': 0.5,\n",
-       "  'b_H': 0.3,\n",
-       "  'mu_A': 0.5,\n",
-       "  'K_NH': 1.0,\n",
-       "  'K_O_A': 0.4,\n",
-       "  'b_A': 0.05,\n",
-       "  'eta_g': 0.8,\n",
-       "  'k_a': 0.05,\n",
-       "  'k_h': 3.0,\n",
-       "  'K_X': 0.1,\n",
-       "  'eta_h': 0.8},\n",
-       " '_dyn_params': {},\n",
-       " '_stoichiometry': [[0,\n",
-       "   -1.25000000000000,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   1.00000000000000,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   -0.250000000000000,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   -0.0800000000000000,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   -0.0685997415522571,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0],\n",
-       "  [0,\n",
-       "   -1.25000000000000,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   1.00000000000000,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   -0.0875000000000000,\n",
-       "   -0.0800000000000001,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0.00643122577052393,\n",
-       "   0.0875000000000000,\n",
-       "   0],\n",
-       "  [0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   1.00000000000000,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   -18.0476190476190,\n",
-       "   4.16666666666667,\n",
-       "   -4.24666666666667,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   -7.21440615324570,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0],\n",
-       "  [0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0.920000000000000,\n",
-       "   -1.00000000000000,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0.0800000000000000,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0.0752000000000000,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0],\n",
-       "  [0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0.920000000000000,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   -1.00000000000000,\n",
-       "   0.0800000000000000,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0.0752000000000000,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0],\n",
-       "  [0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   1.00000000000000,\n",
-       "   -1.00000000000000,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0.857496769403214,\n",
-       "   0,\n",
-       "   0],\n",
-       "  [0, 1.0, 0, -1.0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
-       "  [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1.0, -1.0, 0, 0, 0]],\n",
-       " '_stoichio_lambdified': None,\n",
-       " '_rate_equations': (S_NH*S_O*S_S*X_BH*mu_H/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_O_H + S_O)*(K_S + S_S)),\n",
-       "  K_O_H*S_NH*S_NO*S_S*X_BH*eta_g*mu_H/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_NO + S_NO)*(K_O_H + S_O)*(K_S + S_S)),\n",
-       "  S_NH*S_O*X_BA*mu_A/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_O_A + S_O)),\n",
-       "  X_BH*b_H,\n",
-       "  X_BA*b_A,\n",
-       "  S_ND*X_BH*k_a,\n",
-       "  X_BH*X_S*k_h*(K_O_H*S_NO*eta_h/((K_NO + S_NO)*(K_O_H + S_O)) + S_O/(K_O_H + S_O))/(K_X*X_BH + X_S),\n",
-       "  X_BH*X_ND*k_h*(K_O_H*S_NO*eta_h/((K_NO + S_NO)*(K_O_H + S_O)) + S_O/(K_O_H + S_O))/(K_X*X_BH + X_S)),\n",
-       " '_production_rates': [0,\n",
-       "  -1.25*K_O_H*S_NH*S_NO*S_S*X_BH*eta_g*mu_H/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_NO + S_NO)*(K_O_H + S_O)*(K_S + S_S)) - 1.25*S_NH*S_O*S_S*X_BH*mu_H/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_O_H + S_O)*(K_S + S_S)) + 1.0*X_BH*X_S*k_h*(K_O_H*S_NO*eta_h/((K_NO + S_NO)*(K_O_H + S_O)) + S_O/(K_O_H + S_O))/(K_X*X_BH + X_S),\n",
-       "  0,\n",
-       "  0.92*X_BA*b_A - 1.0*X_BH*X_S*k_h*(K_O_H*S_NO*eta_h/((K_NO + S_NO)*(K_O_H + S_O)) + S_O/(K_O_H + S_O))/(K_X*X_BH + X_S) + 0.92*X_BH*b_H,\n",
-       "  1.0*K_O_H*S_NH*S_NO*S_S*X_BH*eta_g*mu_H/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_NO + S_NO)*(K_O_H + S_O)*(K_S + S_S)) + 1.0*S_NH*S_O*S_S*X_BH*mu_H/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_O_H + S_O)*(K_S + S_S)) - 1.0*X_BH*b_H,\n",
-       "  1.0*S_NH*S_O*X_BA*mu_A/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_O_A + S_O)) - 1.0*X_BA*b_A,\n",
-       "  0.08*X_BA*b_A + 0.08*X_BH*b_H,\n",
-       "  -0.25*S_NH*S_O*S_S*X_BH*mu_H/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_O_H + S_O)*(K_S + S_S)) - 18.047619047619*S_NH*S_O*X_BA*mu_A/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_O_A + S_O)),\n",
-       "  -0.0875*K_O_H*S_NH*S_NO*S_S*X_BH*eta_g*mu_H/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_NO + S_NO)*(K_O_H + S_O)*(K_S + S_S)) + 4.16666666666667*S_NH*S_O*X_BA*mu_A/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_O_A + S_O)),\n",
-       "  -0.0800000000000001*K_O_H*S_NH*S_NO*S_S*X_BH*eta_g*mu_H/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_NO + S_NO)*(K_O_H + S_O)*(K_S + S_S)) + 1.0*S_ND*X_BH*k_a - 0.08*S_NH*S_O*S_S*X_BH*mu_H/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_O_H + S_O)*(K_S + S_S)) - 4.24666666666667*S_NH*S_O*X_BA*mu_A/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_O_A + S_O)),\n",
-       "  -1.0*S_ND*X_BH*k_a + 1.0*X_BH*X_ND*k_h*(K_O_H*S_NO*eta_h/((K_NO + S_NO)*(K_O_H + S_O)) + S_O/(K_O_H + S_O))/(K_X*X_BH + X_S),\n",
-       "  0.0752*X_BA*b_A - 1.0*X_BH*X_ND*k_h*(K_O_H*S_NO*eta_h/((K_NO + S_NO)*(K_O_H + S_O)) + S_O/(K_O_H + S_O))/(K_X*X_BH + X_S) + 0.0752*X_BH*b_H,\n",
-       "  0.00643122577052393*K_O_H*S_NH*S_NO*S_S*X_BH*eta_g*mu_H/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_NO + S_NO)*(K_O_H + S_O)*(K_S + S_S)) + 0.857496769403214*S_ND*X_BH*k_a - 0.0685997415522571*S_NH*S_O*S_S*X_BH*mu_H/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_O_H + S_O)*(K_S + S_S)) - 7.2144061532457*S_NH*S_O*X_BA*mu_A/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_O_A + S_O)),\n",
-       "  0.0875*K_O_H*S_NH*S_NO*S_S*X_BH*eta_g*mu_H/((K_NH + S_NH)*(K_NO + S_NO)*(K_O_H + S_O)*(K_S + S_S)),\n",
-       "  0],\n",
-       " '_rate_function': None}"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 32,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "asm1.compile()\n",
     "asm1.__dict__"
@@ -1300,181 +725,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 33,
+   "execution_count": 32,
    "id": "027cbd6b",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/html": [
-       "<div>\n",
-       "<style scoped>\n",
-       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
-       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "\n",
-       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
-       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "\n",
-       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
-       "        text-align: right;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "</style>\n",
-       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
-       "  <thead>\n",
-       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
-       "      <th></th>\n",
-       "      <th>S_I</th>\n",
-       "      <th>S_S</th>\n",
-       "      <th>X_I</th>\n",
-       "      <th>X_S</th>\n",
-       "      <th>X_BH</th>\n",
-       "      <th>...</th>\n",
-       "      <th>S_ND</th>\n",
-       "      <th>X_ND</th>\n",
-       "      <th>S_ALK</th>\n",
-       "      <th>S_N2</th>\n",
-       "      <th>H2O</th>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "  </thead>\n",
-       "  <tbody>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>aero_growth_hetero</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>-1.25</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>...</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>-0.0686</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>anox_growth_hetero</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>-1.25</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>...</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0.00643</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0.0875</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>aero_growth_auto</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>...</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>-7.21</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>decay_hetero</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0.92</td>\n",
-       "      <td>-1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>...</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0.0752</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>decay_auto</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0.92</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>...</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0.0752</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>ammonification</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>...</td>\n",
-       "      <td>-1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0.857</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>hydrolysis</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>-1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>...</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>hydrolysis_N</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>...</td>\n",
-       "      <td>1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>-1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "  </tbody>\n",
-       "</table>\n",
-       "<p>8 rows × 15 columns</p>\n",
-       "</div>"
-      ],
-      "text/plain": [
-       "                    S_I   S_S  X_I  X_S  X_BH  ...  S_ND   X_ND   S_ALK   S_N2  H2O\n",
-       "aero_growth_hetero    0 -1.25    0    0     1  ...     0      0 -0.0686      0    0\n",
-       "anox_growth_hetero    0 -1.25    0    0     1  ...     0      0 0.00643 0.0875    0\n",
-       "aero_growth_auto      0     0    0    0     0  ...     0      0   -7.21      0    0\n",
-       "decay_hetero          0     0    0 0.92    -1  ...     0 0.0752       0      0    0\n",
-       "decay_auto            0     0    0 0.92     0  ...     0 0.0752       0      0    0\n",
-       "ammonification        0     0    0    0     0  ...    -1      0   0.857      0    0\n",
-       "hydrolysis            0     1    0   -1     0  ...     0      0       0      0    0\n",
-       "hydrolysis_N          0     0    0    0     0  ...     1     -1       0      0    0\n",
-       "\n",
-       "[8 rows x 15 columns]"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 33,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# For example, the stoichiometric coefficients of all processes are compiled into a table that\n",
     "# is in consistent format as a Petersen matrix\n",
@@ -1483,88 +737,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 34,
+   "execution_count": 33,
    "id": "18541f64",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/html": [
-       "<div>\n",
-       "<style scoped>\n",
-       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
-       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "\n",
-       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
-       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "\n",
-       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
-       "        text-align: right;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "</style>\n",
-       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
-       "  <thead>\n",
-       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
-       "      <th></th>\n",
-       "      <th>rate_equation</th>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "  </thead>\n",
-       "  <tbody>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>aero_growth_hetero</th>\n",
-       "      <td>6.0*S_NH*S_O*S_S*X_BH/((S_NH + ...</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>anox_growth_hetero</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0.96*S_NH*S_NO*S_S*X_BH/((S_NH ...</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>aero_growth_auto</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0.5*S_NH*S_O*X_BA/((S_NH + 1.0)...</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>decay_hetero</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0.3*X_BH</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>decay_auto</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0.05*X_BA</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>ammonification</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0.05*S_ND*X_BH</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>hydrolysis</th>\n",
-       "      <td>3.0*X_BH*X_S*(0.16*S_NO/((S_NO ...</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>hydrolysis_N</th>\n",
-       "      <td>3.0*X_BH*X_ND*(0.16*S_NO/((S_NO...</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "  </tbody>\n",
-       "</table>\n",
-       "</div>"
-      ],
-      "text/plain": [
-       "                                         rate_equation\n",
-       "aero_growth_hetero  6.0*S_NH*S_O*S_S*X_BH/((S_NH + ...\n",
-       "anox_growth_hetero  0.96*S_NH*S_NO*S_S*X_BH/((S_NH ...\n",
-       "aero_growth_auto    0.5*S_NH*S_O*X_BA/((S_NH + 1.0)...\n",
-       "decay_hetero                                  0.3*X_BH\n",
-       "decay_auto                                   0.05*X_BA\n",
-       "ammonification                          0.05*S_ND*X_BH\n",
-       "hydrolysis          3.0*X_BH*X_S*(0.16*S_NO/((S_NO ...\n",
-       "hydrolysis_N        3.0*X_BH*X_ND*(0.16*S_NO/((S_NO..."
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 34,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Similarly for the rate equations\n",
     "asm1.rate_equations"
@@ -1572,21 +748,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 35,
+   "execution_count": 34,
    "id": "a872533e",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "array([0.278, 0.03 , 0.179, 0.3  , 0.05 , 0.05 , 2.515, 2.515])"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 35,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# More importantly, the `rate_function` attribute of a `CompiledProcesses` now outputs an array\n",
     "# with each element corresponding orderly to the individual processes\n",
@@ -1613,123 +778,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 36,
+   "execution_count": 35,
    "id": "81541f71",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/html": [
-       "<div>\n",
-       "<style scoped>\n",
-       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
-       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "\n",
-       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
-       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "\n",
-       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
-       "        text-align: right;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "</style>\n",
-       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
-       "  <thead>\n",
-       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
-       "      <th></th>\n",
-       "      <th>rate_of_production</th>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "  </thead>\n",
-       "  <tbody>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>S_I</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>S_S</th>\n",
-       "      <td>-1.2*S_NH*S_NO*S_S*X_BH/((S_NH ...</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>X_I</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>X_S</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0.046*X_BA - 3.0*X_BH*X_S*(0.16...</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>X_BH</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0.96*S_NH*S_NO*S_S*X_BH/((S_NH ...</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>X_BA</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0.5*S_NH*S_O*X_BA/((S_NH + 1.0)...</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>X_P</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0.004*X_BA + 0.024*X_BH</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>S_O</th>\n",
-       "      <td>-1.5*S_NH*S_O*S_S*X_BH/((S_NH +...</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>S_NO</th>\n",
-       "      <td>-0.084*S_NH*S_NO*S_S*X_BH/((S_N...</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>S_NH</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0.05*S_ND*X_BH - 0.076800000000...</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>S_ND</th>\n",
-       "      <td>-0.05*S_ND*X_BH + 3.0*X_BH*X_ND...</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>X_ND</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0.00376*X_BA - 3.0*X_BH*X_ND*(0...</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>S_ALK</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0.0428748384701607*S_ND*X_BH + ...</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>S_N2</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0.084*S_NH*S_NO*S_S*X_BH/((S_NH...</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>H2O</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "  </tbody>\n",
-       "</table>\n",
-       "</div>"
-      ],
-      "text/plain": [
-       "                       rate_of_production\n",
-       "S_I                                     0\n",
-       "S_S    -1.2*S_NH*S_NO*S_S*X_BH/((S_NH ...\n",
-       "X_I                                     0\n",
-       "X_S    0.046*X_BA - 3.0*X_BH*X_S*(0.16...\n",
-       "X_BH   0.96*S_NH*S_NO*S_S*X_BH/((S_NH ...\n",
-       "X_BA   0.5*S_NH*S_O*X_BA/((S_NH + 1.0)...\n",
-       "X_P               0.004*X_BA + 0.024*X_BH\n",
-       "S_O    -1.5*S_NH*S_O*S_S*X_BH/((S_NH +...\n",
-       "S_NO   -0.084*S_NH*S_NO*S_S*X_BH/((S_N...\n",
-       "S_NH   0.05*S_ND*X_BH - 0.076800000000...\n",
-       "S_ND   -0.05*S_ND*X_BH + 3.0*X_BH*X_ND...\n",
-       "X_ND   0.00376*X_BA - 3.0*X_BH*X_ND*(0...\n",
-       "S_ALK  0.0428748384701607*S_ND*X_BH + ...\n",
-       "S_N2   0.084*S_NH*S_NO*S_S*X_BH/((S_NH...\n",
-       "H2O                                     0"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 36,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# This matrix operation is already streamlined for `CompiledProcesses` objects, you can see the \n",
     "# mathematical form of the rates of production as a function of component concentrations.\n",
@@ -1738,23 +790,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 37,
-   "id": "b508e20f",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "array([ 0.000e+00,  2.131e+00,  0.000e+00, -2.193e+00,  7.407e-03,\n",
-       "        1.286e-01,  2.800e-02, -3.292e+00,  7.415e-01, -7.329e-01,\n",
-       "        2.465e+00, -2.489e+00, -1.264e+00,  2.593e-03,  0.000e+00])"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 37,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "execution_count": 36,
+   "id": "b508e20f",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# To evaluate the rates of production for all components, all you need to\n",
     "# do is to call the `production_rates_eval` method.\n",
@@ -1829,18 +868,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 45,
+   "execution_count": 37,
    "id": "cad5a69b",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "CompiledComponents([X_S, S_S, O2, CO2, X_B, H2O])\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Load the default set of components\n",
     "cmps_all = qs.Components.load_default()\n",
@@ -1868,21 +899,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 39,
+   "execution_count": 38,
    "id": "494eb3e8",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "True"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 39,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Now we can check if their `measured_as` attributes are correctly set\n",
     "# X_S.measured_as == 'COD'\n",
@@ -1892,21 +912,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 40,
+   "execution_count": 39,
    "id": "2de7d166",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "-1.0"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 40,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Then you can check relevant `i_` properties of the components\n",
     "# For example, O2 should have a negative COD content, or more specifically -1 gCOD/gO2\n",
@@ -1927,7 +936,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 47,
+   "execution_count": 40,
    "id": "7b264f76",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
@@ -1957,7 +966,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 48,
+   "execution_count": 41,
    "id": "1906bcd6",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
@@ -1976,7 +985,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 49,
+   "execution_count": 42,
    "id": "7b7437a4",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
@@ -2005,7 +1014,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 50,
+   "execution_count": 43,
    "id": "4f98d569",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
@@ -2028,7 +1037,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 51,
+   "execution_count": 44,
    "id": "c7ce74d2",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
@@ -2049,24 +1058,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 52,
+   "execution_count": 45,
    "id": "e7facea8",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Process: hydrolysis\n",
-      "[stoichiometry]      X_S: -1\n",
-      "                     S_S: 1\n",
-      "[reference]          X_S\n",
-      "[rate equation]      X_S*k_hyd\n",
-      "[parameters]         k_hyd: k_hyd\n",
-      "[dynamic parameters] \n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Upon initiation, the parameters are stored as symbols. We still need to set values to them\n",
     "# before we can evalute process rate.\n",
@@ -2075,28 +1070,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 53,
+   "execution_count": 46,
    "id": "9d199cf0",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Process: growth\n",
-      "[stoichiometry]      S_S: -1/y_B\n",
-      "                     O2: (y_B - 1.0)/y_B\n",
-      "                     CO2: 0.002*(160.0 - 183.0*y_B)/y_B\n",
-      "                     X_B: 1.00\n",
-      "[reference]          X_B\n",
-      "[rate equation]      S_S*X_B*mu_B/(K_S + S_S)\n",
-      "[parameters]         y_B: y_B\n",
-      "                     mu_B: mu_B\n",
-      "                     K_S: K_S\n",
-      "[dynamic parameters] \n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# At this point, the initiation of process 3 should be quite straightforward.\n",
     "# Here shows an alternative way to input stoichiometry\n",
@@ -2137,20 +1114,12 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 54,
+   "execution_count": 47,
    "id": "18d7995b",
    "metadata": {
     "scrolled": true
    },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "CompiledProcesses([hydrolysis, growth, decay])\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Now the final step is to compile the individual processes into a biokinetic model\n",
     "bkm = qs.Processes([pc1, pc2, pc3])\n",
@@ -2160,21 +1129,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 55,
+   "execution_count": 48,
    "id": "0a4159a3",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "{'k_hyd': k_hyd, 'y_B': y_B, 'mu_B': mu_B, 'K_S': K_S, 'b': b}"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 55,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Parameters in the stoichiometry and rate equations across all processes are compiled into\n",
     "# a shared dictionary.\n",
@@ -2185,83 +1143,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 56,
+   "execution_count": 49,
    "id": "6bec6d90",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/html": [
-       "<div>\n",
-       "<style scoped>\n",
-       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
-       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "\n",
-       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
-       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "\n",
-       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
-       "        text-align: right;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "</style>\n",
-       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
-       "  <thead>\n",
-       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
-       "      <th></th>\n",
-       "      <th>X_S</th>\n",
-       "      <th>S_S</th>\n",
-       "      <th>O2</th>\n",
-       "      <th>CO2</th>\n",
-       "      <th>X_B</th>\n",
-       "      <th>H2O</th>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "  </thead>\n",
-       "  <tbody>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>hydrolysis</th>\n",
-       "      <td>-1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>growth</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>-1.25</td>\n",
-       "      <td>-0.25</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0.034</td>\n",
-       "      <td>1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>decay</th>\n",
-       "      <td>1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>-1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "  </tbody>\n",
-       "</table>\n",
-       "</div>"
-      ],
-      "text/plain": [
-       "            X_S   S_S    O2   CO2  X_B  H2O\n",
-       "hydrolysis   -1     1     0     0    0    0\n",
-       "growth        0 -1.25 -0.25 0.034    1    0\n",
-       "decay         1     0     0     0   -1    0"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 56,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# After setting parameter values, the model will be ready\n",
     "bkm.set_parameters(k_hyd=3.0, y_B=0.8, mu_B=4.0, K_S=9.0, b=0.4)\n",
@@ -2270,78 +1155,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 57,
+   "execution_count": 50,
    "id": "f13307e3",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/html": [
-       "<div>\n",
-       "<style scoped>\n",
-       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
-       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "\n",
-       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
-       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "\n",
-       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
-       "        text-align: right;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "</style>\n",
-       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
-       "  <thead>\n",
-       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
-       "      <th></th>\n",
-       "      <th>rate_of_production</th>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "  </thead>\n",
-       "  <tbody>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>X_S</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0.4*X_B - 3.0*X_S</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>S_S</th>\n",
-       "      <td>-5.0*S_S*X_B/(S_S + 9.0) + 3.0*X_S</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>O2</th>\n",
-       "      <td>-1.0*S_S*X_B/(S_S + 9.0)</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>CO2</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0.136*S_S*X_B/(S_S + 9.0)</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>X_B</th>\n",
-       "      <td>4.0*S_S*X_B/(S_S + 9.0) - 0.4*X_B</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>H2O</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "  </tbody>\n",
-       "</table>\n",
-       "</div>"
-      ],
-      "text/plain": [
-       "                     rate_of_production\n",
-       "X_S                   0.4*X_B - 3.0*X_S\n",
-       "S_S  -5.0*S_S*X_B/(S_S + 9.0) + 3.0*X_S\n",
-       "O2             -1.0*S_S*X_B/(S_S + 9.0)\n",
-       "CO2           0.136*S_S*X_B/(S_S + 9.0)\n",
-       "X_B   4.0*S_S*X_B/(S_S + 9.0) - 0.4*X_B\n",
-       "H2O                                   0"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 57,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "bkm.production_rates"
    ]
@@ -2365,91 +1182,14 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 58,
+   "execution_count": 51,
    "id": "1b8ebfca",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/html": [
-       "<div>\n",
-       "<style scoped>\n",
-       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
-       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "\n",
-       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
-       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "\n",
-       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
-       "        text-align: right;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "</style>\n",
-       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
-       "  <thead>\n",
-       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
-       "      <th></th>\n",
-       "      <th>X_S</th>\n",
-       "      <th>S_S</th>\n",
-       "      <th>O2</th>\n",
-       "      <th>CO2</th>\n",
-       "      <th>X_B</th>\n",
-       "      <th>H2O</th>\n",
-       "      <th>Unnamed: 7</th>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "  </thead>\n",
-       "  <tbody>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>hydrolysis</th>\n",
-       "      <td>-1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>k_hyd*X_S</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>growth</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>(-1)/y_B</td>\n",
-       "      <td>?</td>\n",
-       "      <td>?</td>\n",
-       "      <td>1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>mu_B*S_S/(K_S + S_S)*X_B</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>decay</th>\n",
-       "      <td>1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>-1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>b*X_B</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "  </tbody>\n",
-       "</table>\n",
-       "</div>"
-      ],
-      "text/plain": [
-       "            X_S       S_S O2 CO2  X_B  H2O                Unnamed: 7\n",
-       "hydrolysis   -1         1  0   0    0    0                 k_hyd*X_S\n",
-       "growth        0  (-1)/y_B  ?   ?    1    0  mu_B*S_S/(K_S + S_S)*X_B\n",
-       "decay         1         0  0   0   -1    0                     b*X_B"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 58,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Stoichiometry and rate equations are usually described in a table format\n",
     "from qsdsan.utils import load_data\n",
-    "df_bkm = load_data('_bkm.tsv', index_col=0)\n",
+    "df_bkm = load_data('assets/_bkm.tsv', index_col=0)\n",
     "df_bkm"
    ]
   },
@@ -2463,22 +1203,14 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 59,
+   "execution_count": 52,
    "id": "8703f7bf",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "CompiledProcesses([hydrolysis, growth, decay])\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# The same amount of information is still required to create the model.\n",
     "bkm_batch = qs.Processes.load_from_file(\n",
-    "    path='_bkm.tsv', \n",
+    "    path='assets/_bkm.tsv', \n",
     "    conserved_for=('COD', 'C'),\n",
     "    parameters=('k_hyd', 'y_B', 'mu_B', 'K_S', 'b'),\n",
     "    compile=True\n",
@@ -2488,83 +1220,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 60,
+   "execution_count": 53,
    "id": "4105ea73",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/html": [
-       "<div>\n",
-       "<style scoped>\n",
-       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
-       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "\n",
-       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
-       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "\n",
-       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
-       "        text-align: right;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "</style>\n",
-       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
-       "  <thead>\n",
-       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
-       "      <th></th>\n",
-       "      <th>X_S</th>\n",
-       "      <th>S_S</th>\n",
-       "      <th>O2</th>\n",
-       "      <th>CO2</th>\n",
-       "      <th>X_B</th>\n",
-       "      <th>H2O</th>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "  </thead>\n",
-       "  <tbody>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>hydrolysis</th>\n",
-       "      <td>-1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>growth</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>-1.0/y_B</td>\n",
-       "      <td>1.0*(y_B - 1.0)/y_B</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0.002*(160.0 - 183.0*y_B)/y_B</td>\n",
-       "      <td>1.00000000000000</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>decay</th>\n",
-       "      <td>1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>-1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "  </tbody>\n",
-       "</table>\n",
-       "</div>"
-      ],
-      "text/plain": [
-       "            X_S       S_S                   O2                            CO2               X_B  H2O\n",
-       "hydrolysis   -1         1                    0                              0                 0    0\n",
-       "growth        0  -1.0/y_B  1.0*(y_B - 1.0)/y_B  0.002*(160.0 - 183.0*y_B)/y_B  1.00000000000000    0\n",
-       "decay         1         0                    0                              0                -1    0"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 60,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# You can see `bkm_batch` is equivalent to the `bkm` we created above\n",
     "bkm_batch.stoichiometry\n",
@@ -2574,21 +1233,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 61,
+   "execution_count": 54,
    "id": "ba36c5ed",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "'X_S'"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 61,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# The reference component of each process is inferred from its stoichiometry\n",
     "bkm_batch.decay.ref_component"
@@ -2596,26 +1244,14 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 62,
+   "execution_count": 55,
    "id": "57c80cc6",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "ename": "RuntimeError",
-     "evalue": "The following materials are unconserved by the stoichiometric coefficients. A positive value means the material is created, a negative value means the material is destroyed:\n C: -0.05",
-     "output_type": "error",
-     "traceback": [
-      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
-      "\u001b[1;31mRuntimeError\u001b[0m                              Traceback (most recent call last)",
-      "\u001b[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\ipykernel_8464\\355048950.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m# `conserved_for` now applies to all processes\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 2\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mbkm_batch\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdecay\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcheck_conservation\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
-      "\u001b[1;32m~\\anaconda3\\envs\\tut\\lib\\site-packages\\qsdsan\\_process.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mcheck_conservation\u001b[1;34m(self, rtol, atol)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    484\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0mmaterials\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_conserved_for\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    485\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0munconserved\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmaterials\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mi\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mic_dot_v\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mi\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mi\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mconserved\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0menumerate\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mconserved_arr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0mconserved\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 486\u001b[1;33m                 raise RuntimeError(\"The following materials are unconserved by the \"\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    487\u001b[0m                                    \u001b[1;34m\"stoichiometric coefficients. A positive value \"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    488\u001b[0m                                    \u001b[1;34m\"means the material is created, a negative value \"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
-      "\u001b[1;31mRuntimeError\u001b[0m: The following materials are unconserved by the stoichiometric coefficients. A positive value means the material is created, a negative value means the material is destroyed:\n C: -0.05"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
-    "# `conserved_for` now applies to all processes\n",
-    "bkm_batch.decay.check_conservation()"
+    "# `conserved_for` now applies to all processes,\n",
+    "# the following will trigger an error\n",
+    "# bkm_batch.decay.check_conservation()"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -2628,21 +1264,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 63,
+   "execution_count": 56,
    "id": "cf5c08b4",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "{'X_S': 0.32, 'S_S': 0.32, 'O2': 0.0, 'CO2': 1.0, 'X_B': 0.366, 'H2O': 0.0}"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 63,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# `i_C` values for each component\n",
     "dict(zip(cmps_bkm.IDs, cmps_bkm.i_C))"
@@ -2675,7 +1300,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 64,
+   "execution_count": 57,
    "id": "29c15cb9",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
@@ -2700,21 +1325,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 65,
+   "execution_count": 58,
    "id": "7fe90104",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "{'k_hyd': 3.0, 'y_B': 0.8, 'mu_B': 4.0, 'K_S': 9.0, 'b': 0.4}"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 65,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# At this point, the value for `y_B` is not updated yet, since we haven't evalutated it\n",
     "# with input of component concentrations\n",
@@ -2723,30 +1337,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 66,
+   "execution_count": 59,
    "id": "9121e9cc",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Process: growth\n",
-      "[stoichiometry]      S_S: -1/y_B\n",
-      "                     O2: (y_B - 1.0)/y_B\n",
-      "                     CO2: 0.002*(160.0 - 183.0*y_B)/y_B\n",
-      "                     X_B: 1.00\n",
-      "[reference]          X_B\n",
-      "[rate equation]      S_S*X_B*mu_B/(K_S + S_S)\n",
-      "[parameters]         k_hyd: 3\n",
-      "                     y_B: 0.8\n",
-      "                     mu_B: 4\n",
-      "                     K_S: 9\n",
-      "                     b: 0.4\n",
-      "[dynamic parameters] <DynamicParameter: y_B>\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# But the list of dynamic parameters have been updated\n",
     "pc2.show()"
@@ -2754,21 +1348,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 67,
+   "execution_count": 60,
    "id": "248e0922",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "qsdsan._process.DynamicParameter"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 67,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# `y_B` is now a `DynamicParameter` object stored in the `_dyn_params` attribute of the process\n",
     "type(pc2._dyn_params['y_B'])"
@@ -2776,23 +1359,12 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 68,
+   "execution_count": 61,
    "id": "9dc27821",
    "metadata": {
     "scrolled": false
    },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "{'k_hyd': 3.0, 'y_B': 0.5656854249492381, 'mu_B': 4.0, 'K_S': 9.0, 'b': 0.4}"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 68,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Assuming component concentrations are all 1.\n",
     "state_bkm = np.ones(6)\n",
@@ -2804,83 +1376,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 69,
+   "execution_count": 62,
    "id": "d765098e",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/html": [
-       "<div>\n",
-       "<style scoped>\n",
-       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
-       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "\n",
-       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
-       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "\n",
-       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
-       "        text-align: right;\n",
-       "    }\n",
-       "</style>\n",
-       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
-       "  <thead>\n",
-       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
-       "      <th></th>\n",
-       "      <th>X_S</th>\n",
-       "      <th>S_S</th>\n",
-       "      <th>O2</th>\n",
-       "      <th>CO2</th>\n",
-       "      <th>X_B</th>\n",
-       "      <th>H2O</th>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "  </thead>\n",
-       "  <tbody>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>hydrolysis</th>\n",
-       "      <td>-1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>growth</th>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>-1.77</td>\n",
-       "      <td>-0.768</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
-       "      <td>1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "    <tr>\n",
-       "      <th>decay</th>\n",
-       "      <td>1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "      <td>-1</td>\n",
-       "      <td>0</td>\n",
-       "    </tr>\n",
-       "  </tbody>\n",
-       "</table>\n",
-       "</div>"
-      ],
-      "text/plain": [
-       "            X_S   S_S     O2  CO2  X_B  H2O\n",
-       "hydrolysis   -1     1      0    0    0    0\n",
-       "growth        0 -1.77 -0.768  0.2    1    0\n",
-       "decay         1     0      0    0   -1    0"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 69,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Then the stoichiometry is updated accordingly\n",
     "bkm.stoichiometry"
@@ -2909,21 +1408,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 70,
+   "execution_count": 63,
    "id": "cb7c404e",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "<Kinetics: decay>"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 70,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# The use of `Kinetics` to define process rate is also similar\n",
     "# For example, for the decay process\n",
@@ -2955,21 +1443,10 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 71,
+   "execution_count": 64,
    "id": "5fdddd88",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "array([1.732, 2.309, 0.369])"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 71,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
+   "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Define the function\n",
     "def rhos_eval(state_arr, params):\n",
diff --git a/docs/source/tutorials/12_Anaerobic_Digestion_Model_No_1.ipynb b/docs/source/tutorials/12_Anaerobic_Digestion_Model_No_1.ipynb
index ca9f713e..34e0cc52 100644
--- a/docs/source/tutorials/12_Anaerobic_Digestion_Model_No_1.ipynb
+++ b/docs/source/tutorials/12_Anaerobic_Digestion_Model_No_1.ipynb
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
    "id": "180af880",
    "metadata": {},
    "source": [
-    "![ADM1.JPG](attachment:ADM1.JPG)"
+    "![assets/ADM1.JPG](attachment:ADM1.JPG)"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -808,10 +808,10 @@
        "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"291pt\" height=\"85pt\" viewBox=\"0.00 0.00 291.00 85.00\">\n",
        "<g id=\"graph0\" class=\"graph\" transform=\"scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 81)\">\n",
        "<!-- AD\n",
-       "Anaerobic CSTR&#45;&gt;129151411681 -->\n",
+       "Anaerobic CSTR&#45;&gt;179376415616 -->\n",
        "<g id=\"edge2\" class=\"edge\">\n",
        "<title>AD\n",
-       "Anaerobic CSTR:c-&gt;129151411681:w</title>\n",
+       "Anaerobic CSTR:c-&gt;179376415616:w</title>\n",
        "<path fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#90918e\" stroke-dasharray=\"5,2\" d=\"M203.04,-53.6C225.06,-58.77 250.19,-63 273.5,-63\"/>\n",
        "<g id=\"a_edge2-label\"><a xlink:title=\"(empty)\">\n",
        "<text text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"237.5\" y=\"-65.8\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-size=\"14.00\" fill=\"#90918e\"> Biogas</text>\n",
@@ -819,20 +819,20 @@
        "</g>\n",
        "</g>\n",
        "<!-- AD\n",
-       "Anaerobic CSTR&#45;&gt;129151412281 -->\n",
+       "Anaerobic CSTR&#45;&gt;179376414536 -->\n",
        "<g id=\"edge3\" class=\"edge\">\n",
        "<title>AD\n",
-       "Anaerobic CSTR:c-&gt;129151412281:w</title>\n",
+       "Anaerobic CSTR:c-&gt;179376414536:w</title>\n",
        "<path fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#90918e\" stroke-dasharray=\"5,2\" d=\"M203.04,-16.4C225.06,-11.23 250.19,-7 273.5,-7\"/>\n",
        "<g id=\"a_edge3-label\"><a xlink:title=\"(empty)\">\n",
        "<text text-anchor=\"middle\" x=\"237.5\" y=\"-18.8\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-size=\"14.00\" fill=\"#90918e\"> Effluent</text>\n",
        "</a>\n",
        "</g>\n",
        "</g>\n",
-       "<!-- 129151411601&#45;&gt;AD\n",
+       "<!-- 179376414696&#45;&gt;AD\n",
        "Anaerobic CSTR -->\n",
        "<g id=\"edge1\" class=\"edge\">\n",
-       "<title>129151411601:e-&gt;AD\n",
+       "<title>179376414696:e-&gt;AD\n",
        "Anaerobic CSTR:c</title>\n",
        "<path fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#90918e\" d=\"M11,-35C32.75,-35 56.57,-35 77.73,-35\"/>\n",
        "<g id=\"a_edge1-label\"><a xlink:title=\"Temperature: 308.15 K\n",
@@ -854,19 +854,19 @@
        "</a>\n",
        "</g>\n",
        "</g>\n",
-       "<!-- 129151411601 -->\n",
+       "<!-- 179376414696 -->\n",
        "<g id=\"node2\" class=\"node\">\n",
-       "<title>129151411601</title>\n",
+       "<title>179376414696</title>\n",
        "<polygon fill=\"#f98f60\" stroke=\"#90918e\" points=\"5.5,-40.5 0,-35 5.5,-29.5 11,-35 5.5,-40.5\"/>\n",
        "</g>\n",
-       "<!-- 129151411681 -->\n",
+       "<!-- 179376415616 -->\n",
        "<g id=\"node3\" class=\"node\">\n",
-       "<title>129151411681</title>\n",
+       "<title>179376415616</title>\n",
        "<polygon fill=\"#f98f60\" stroke=\"#90918e\" points=\"283,-63 274.75,-70 274.75,-56 283,-63\"/>\n",
        "</g>\n",
-       "<!-- 129151412281 -->\n",
+       "<!-- 179376414536 -->\n",
        "<g id=\"node4\" class=\"node\">\n",
-       "<title>129151412281</title>\n",
+       "<title>179376414536</title>\n",
        "<polygon fill=\"#f98f60\" stroke=\"#90918e\" points=\"283,-7 274.75,-14 274.75,0 283,-7\"/>\n",
        "</g>\n",
        "</g>\n",
@@ -1136,7 +1136,9 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 15,
    "id": "55247c4c",
-   "metadata": {},
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": false
+   },
    "outputs": [
     {
      "data": {
diff --git a/docs/source/tutorials/_bkm.tsv b/docs/source/tutorials/assets/_bkm.tsv
similarity index 100%
rename from docs/source/tutorials/_bkm.tsv
rename to docs/source/tutorials/assets/_bkm.tsv
diff --git a/docs/source/tutorials/adm1.jpg b/docs/source/tutorials/assets/adm1.jpg
similarity index 100%
rename from docs/source/tutorials/adm1.jpg
rename to docs/source/tutorials/assets/adm1.jpg