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jstac committed Apr 28, 2024
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion lectures/_toc.yml
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- caption: Nonlinear Dynamics
numbered: true
chapters:
- file: solow
- file: scalar_dynam
- file: solow
- file: cobweb
- file: olg
- file: commod_price
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36 changes: 23 additions & 13 deletions lectures/scalar_dynam.md
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(scalar_dynam)=
# Dynamics in One Dimension

```{admonition} Migrated lecture
:class: warning
This lecture has moved from our [Intermediate Quantitative Economics with Python](https://python.quantecon.org/intro.html) lecture series and is now a part of [A First Course in Quantitative Economics](https://intro.quantecon.org/intro.html).
```

## Overview

In this lecture we give a quick introduction to discrete time dynamics in one dimension.
In economics many variables depend on their past values

For example, it seems reasonable to believe that inflation last year with affects inflation this year.

(Perhaps high inflation last year will lead people to demand higher wages to
compensate, which will feed into higher prices this year.)

Letting $\pi_t$ be inflation this year and $\pi_{t-1}$ be inflation last year, we
can write this relationship in a general form as

* In one-dimensional models, the state of the system is described by a single variable.
* The variable is a number (that is, a point in $\mathbb R$).
$$ \pi_t = f(\pi_{t-1}) $$

While most quantitative models have two or more state variables, the
one-dimensional setting is a good place to learn the foundations of dynamics
and understand key concepts.
where $f$ is some function describing the relationship between the variables.

This equation is an example of one-dimensional discrete time dynamic system.

In this lecture we cover the foundations of one-dimensional discrete time
dynamics.

(While most quantitative models have two or more state variables, the
one-dimensional setting is a good place to learn foundations
and understand key concepts.)

Let's start with some standard imports:

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import numpy as np
```


## Some definitions

This section sets out the objects of interest and the kinds of properties we study.
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### Example: a linear model

One simple example of a dynamic system is when $S=\mathbb R$ and $g(x)=ax +
b$, where $a, b$ are constants (sometimes they are referred as parameters).
b$, where $a, b$ are constants (sometimes called ``parameters'').

This leads to the **linear difference equation**

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When models are nonlinear, however, the situation can be quite different.

For example, the law of motion for the Solow-Swan growth model, a simplified version of which is
For example, in a later lecture {doc}`solow`, we will study the Solow-Swan growth model, which has dynamics

```{math}
:label: solow_lom2
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