diff --git a/src/categories/category.module.ts b/src/categories/category.module.ts
index dc880e9..be433a9 100644
--- a/src/categories/category.module.ts
+++ b/src/categories/category.module.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { ContentsModule } from '../contents/contents.module';
 import { CategoryService } from './category.service';
-import { CategoryUtil } from '../contents/util/category.util';
 import { OpenaiModule } from '../openai/openai.module';
 import { UsersModule } from '../users/users.module';
 import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
@@ -9,7 +8,6 @@ import { Category } from './category.entity';
 import { CategoryController } from './category.controller';
 import { ContentRepository } from '../contents/repository/content.repository';
 import { CategoryRepository } from './category.repository';
-import { ContentUtil } from '../contents/util/content.util';
 
 @Module({
   imports: [
@@ -19,13 +17,7 @@ import { ContentUtil } from '../contents/util/content.util';
     UsersModule,
   ],
   controllers: [CategoryController],
-  providers: [
-    CategoryService,
-    CategoryUtil,
-    ContentRepository,
-    CategoryRepository,
-    ContentUtil,
-  ],
+  providers: [CategoryService, ContentRepository, CategoryRepository],
   exports: [CategoryRepository],
 })
 export class CategoryModule {}
diff --git a/src/categories/category.repository.ts b/src/categories/category.repository.ts
index 6c77802..3fcf59b 100644
--- a/src/categories/category.repository.ts
+++ b/src/categories/category.repository.ts
@@ -5,15 +5,12 @@ import {
   NotFoundException,
 } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Category } from './category.entity';
-import { CategoryUtil } from '../contents/util/category.util';
 import { User } from '../users/entities/user.entity';
+import { generateSlug } from '../contents/util/category.util';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class CategoryRepository extends Repository<Category> {
-  constructor(
-    private readonly dataSource: DataSource,
-    private readonly categoryUtil: CategoryUtil,
-  ) {
+  constructor(private readonly dataSource: DataSource) {
     super(Category, dataSource.createEntityManager());
   }
 
@@ -34,7 +31,7 @@ export class CategoryRepository extends Repository<Category> {
     queryRunnerManager: EntityManager,
   ): Promise<Category> {
     // generate category name and slug
-    const { categorySlug } = this.categoryUtil.generateSlug(categoryName);
+    const { categorySlug } = generateSlug(categoryName);
 
     if (parentId) {
       // category depth should be 3
@@ -112,7 +109,7 @@ export class CategoryRepository extends Repository<Category> {
       .values(
         defaultCategories.map((categoryName) => ({
           name: categoryName,
-          slug: this.categoryUtil.generateSlug(categoryName).categorySlug,
+          slug: generateSlug(categoryName).categorySlug,
           user: user,
         })),
       )
diff --git a/src/categories/category.service.ts b/src/categories/category.service.ts
index ad2587c..ced4ae9 100644
--- a/src/categories/category.service.ts
+++ b/src/categories/category.service.ts
@@ -23,20 +23,23 @@ import { Category } from './category.entity';
 import { Content } from '../contents/entities/content.entity';
 import { CategoryRepository } from './category.repository';
 import { ContentRepository } from '../contents/repository/content.repository';
-import { CategoryUtil } from '../contents/util/category.util';
-import { ContentUtil } from '../contents/util/content.util';
+import { getLinkContent, getLinkInfo } from '../contents/util/content.util';
 import { OpenaiService } from '../openai/openai.service';
 import { User } from '../users/entities/user.entity';
 import { UserRepository } from '../users/repository/user.repository';
+import {
+  generateCategoriesTree,
+  generateSlug,
+  loadLogs,
+  makeCategoryListWithSaveCount,
+} from '../contents/util/category.util';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class CategoryService {
   constructor(
     private readonly contentRepository: ContentRepository,
     private readonly categoryRepository: CategoryRepository,
-    private readonly categoryUtil: CategoryUtil,
     private readonly userRepository: UserRepository,
-    private readonly contentUtil: ContentUtil,
     private readonly openaiService: OpenaiService,
   ) {}
 
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ export class CategoryService {
         throw new NotFoundException('User not found');
       }
 
-      const { categorySlug } = this.categoryUtil.generateSlug(categoryName);
+      const { categorySlug } = generateSlug(categoryName);
 
       if (parentId) {
         // category depth should be 3
@@ -152,7 +155,7 @@ export class CategoryService {
       if (category) {
         // Check if user has category with same slug
         if (categoryName) {
-          const { categorySlug } = this.categoryUtil.generateSlug(categoryName);
+          const { categorySlug } = generateSlug(categoryName);
           if (
             userInDb.categories?.filter(
               (category) =>
@@ -296,8 +299,7 @@ export class CategoryService {
       }
 
       // make categories tree by parentid
-      const categoriesTree =
-        this.categoryUtil.generateCategoriesTree(categories);
+      const categoriesTree = generateCategoriesTree(categories);
 
       return {
         categoriesTree,
@@ -312,8 +314,7 @@ export class CategoryService {
   ): Promise<LoadFrequentCategoriesOutput> {
     try {
       // 로그 파일 내의 기록을 불러온다.
-      const recentCategoryList: RecentCategoryList[] =
-        this.categoryUtil.loadLogs(user.id);
+      const recentCategoryList: RecentCategoryList[] = loadLogs(user.id);
 
       // 캐시 내의 카테고리 리스트를 최신 순으로 정렬하고, 동시에 저장된 횟수를 추가한다.
 
@@ -331,12 +332,11 @@ export class CategoryService {
 
         // 10개의 로그를 확인한다.
         i += 10;
-        recentCategoriesWithSaveCount =
-          this.categoryUtil.makeCategoryListWithSaveCount(
-            recentCategoryList,
-            recentCategoriesWithSaveCount,
-            i,
-          );
+        recentCategoriesWithSaveCount = makeCategoryListWithSaveCount(
+          recentCategoryList,
+          recentCategoriesWithSaveCount,
+          i,
+        );
         // 10개의 로그를 확인했으므로 남은 로그 수를 10개 감소시킨다.
         remainLogCount -= 10;
 
@@ -430,10 +430,9 @@ export class CategoryService {
           categories.push(category.name);
         }
       });
-      const { title, siteName, description } =
-        await this.contentUtil.getLinkInfo(link);
+      const { title, siteName, description } = await getLinkInfo(link);
 
-      const content = await this.contentUtil.getLinkContent(link);
+      const content = await getLinkContent(link);
 
       let questionLines = [
         "You are a machine tasked with auto-categorizing articles based on information obtained through web scraping. You can only answer a single category name. Here is the article's information:",
@@ -489,15 +488,14 @@ export class CategoryService {
   ): Promise<AutoCategorizeOutput> {
     try {
       const { link, categories } = autoCategorizeBody;
-      const { title, siteName, description } =
-        await this.contentUtil.getLinkInfo(link);
+      const { title, siteName, description } = await getLinkInfo(link);
 
       /**
        * TODO: 본문 크롤링 개선 필요
        * 현재 p 태그만 크롤링하는데, 불필요한 내용이 포함되는 경우가 많음
        * 그러나 하나하나 예외 처리하는 방법을 제외하곤 방법을 못 찾은 상황
        */
-      const content = await this.contentUtil.getLinkContent(link);
+      const content = await getLinkContent(link);
 
       let questionLines = [
         "You are a machine tasked with auto-categorizing articles based on information obtained through web scraping. You can only answer a single category name. Here is the article's information:",
diff --git a/src/contents/contents.module.ts b/src/contents/contents.module.ts
index 8e1364a..71e5f5e 100644
--- a/src/contents/contents.module.ts
+++ b/src/contents/contents.module.ts
@@ -2,25 +2,16 @@ import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
 import { ContentsController } from './contents.controller';
 import { ContentsService } from './contents.service';
-import { Category } from '../categories/category.entity';
 import { Content } from './entities/content.entity';
-import { CategoryUtil } from './util/category.util';
 import { ContentRepository } from './repository/content.repository';
 import { CategoryRepository } from '../categories/category.repository';
 import { UsersModule } from '../users/users.module';
-import { ContentUtil } from './util/content.util';
 import { OpenaiModule } from '../openai/openai.module';
 
 @Module({
   imports: [TypeOrmModule.forFeature([Content]), UsersModule, OpenaiModule],
   controllers: [ContentsController],
-  providers: [
-    ContentsService,
-    ContentRepository,
-    ContentUtil,
-    CategoryRepository,
-    CategoryUtil,
-  ],
+  providers: [ContentsService, ContentRepository, CategoryRepository],
   exports: [ContentsService],
 })
 export class ContentsModule {}
diff --git a/src/contents/contents.service.ts b/src/contents/contents.service.ts
index cf52f76..3891fab 100644
--- a/src/contents/contents.service.ts
+++ b/src/contents/contents.service.ts
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ import { Content } from './entities/content.entity';
 import { LoadReminderCountOutput } from './dtos/load-personal-remider-count.dto';
 import { UserRepository } from '../users/repository/user.repository';
 import { ContentRepository } from './repository/content.repository';
-import { CategoryUtil } from './util/category.util';
 import { CategoryRepository } from '../categories/category.repository';
-import { ContentUtil } from './util/content.util';
+import { getLinkInfo } from './util/content.util';
 import { GetLinkInfoResponseDto } from './dtos/get-link.response.dto';
+import { checkContentDuplicateAndAddCategorySaveLog } from './util/category.util';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class ContentsService {
@@ -39,8 +39,6 @@ export class ContentsService {
     private readonly contentRepository: ContentRepository,
     private readonly summaryService: SummaryService,
     private readonly categoryRepository: CategoryRepository,
-    private readonly categoryUtil: CategoryUtil,
-    private readonly contentUtil: ContentUtil,
     private readonly dataSource: DataSource,
   ) {}
 
@@ -73,7 +71,7 @@ export class ContentsService {
         siteName,
         description,
         coverImg,
-      } = await this.contentUtil.getLinkInfo(link);
+      } = await getLinkInfo(link);
       title = title ? title : linkTitle;
 
       let category: Category | null = null;
@@ -85,7 +83,7 @@ export class ContentsService {
           queryRunner.manager,
         );
 
-        await this.categoryUtil.checkContentDuplicateAndAddCategorySaveLog(
+        await checkContentDuplicateAndAddCategorySaveLog(
           link,
           category,
           userInDb,
@@ -141,11 +139,12 @@ export class ContentsService {
           );
         }
         for (const link of contentLinks) {
-          const { title, description, coverImg, siteName } =
-            await this.contentUtil.getLinkInfo(link);
+          const { title, description, coverImg, siteName } = await getLinkInfo(
+            link,
+          );
 
           if (category) {
-            await this.categoryUtil.checkContentDuplicateAndAddCategorySaveLog(
+            await checkContentDuplicateAndAddCategorySaveLog(
               link,
               category,
               userInDb,
@@ -220,7 +219,7 @@ export class ContentsService {
           queryRunnerManager,
         );
 
-        await this.categoryUtil.checkContentDuplicateAndAddCategorySaveLog(
+        await checkContentDuplicateAndAddCategorySaveLog(
           link,
           category,
           userInDb,
@@ -399,7 +398,7 @@ export class ContentsService {
   }
 
   async getLinkInfo(link: string) {
-    const data = await this.contentUtil.getLinkInfo(link);
+    const data = await getLinkInfo(link);
 
     return new GetLinkInfoResponseDto(data);
   }
diff --git a/src/contents/util/category.util.ts b/src/contents/util/category.util.ts
index 9b87b32..b2799b0 100644
--- a/src/contents/util/category.util.ts
+++ b/src/contents/util/category.util.ts
@@ -6,210 +6,202 @@ import {
   RecentCategoryListWithSaveCount,
 } from '../../categories/dtos/category.dto';
 import { User } from '../../users/entities/user.entity';
-import { ConflictException, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ConflictException } from '@nestjs/common';
 
 import * as fs from 'fs';
 
-@Injectable()
-export class CategoryUtil {
-  generateSlug(name: string): CategorySlug {
-    const categoryName = name.trim().toLowerCase();
-    const categorySlug = categoryName.replace(/ /g, '-');
+export const generateSlug = (name: string): CategorySlug => {
+  const categoryName = name.trim().toLowerCase();
+  const categorySlug = categoryName.replace(/ /g, '-');
 
-    return { categorySlug };
-  }
+  return { categorySlug };
+};
 
-  // make categories tree by parentId
-  generateCategoriesTree(categories: Category[]): CategoryTreeNode[] {
-    const categoriesTree: CategoryTreeNode[] = categories;
-    for (let i = 0; i < categoriesTree.length; i++) {
-      if (categoriesTree[i].parentId) {
-        // 세세부 카테고리 우선 작업
-        const parent = categoriesTree.find(
-          (category) =>
-            category.id === categoriesTree[i].parentId && category.parentId,
-        );
-        if (parent) {
-          if (!parent.children) parent.children = [];
-          parent.children.push(categoriesTree[i]);
-          categoriesTree.splice(i, 1);
-          i--;
-        }
+// make categories tree by parentId
+export const generateCategoriesTree = (
+  categories: Category[],
+): CategoryTreeNode[] => {
+  const categoriesTree: CategoryTreeNode[] = categories;
+  for (let i = 0; i < categoriesTree.length; i++) {
+    if (categoriesTree[i].parentId) {
+      // 세세부 카테고리 우선 작업
+      const parent = categoriesTree.find(
+        (category) =>
+          category.id === categoriesTree[i].parentId && category.parentId,
+      );
+      if (parent) {
+        if (!parent.children) parent.children = [];
+        parent.children.push(categoriesTree[i]);
+        categoriesTree.splice(i, 1);
+        i--;
       }
     }
+  }
 
-    for (let i = 0; i < categoriesTree.length; i++) {
-      if (categoriesTree[i].parentId) {
-        // 중간 카테고리 작업(세부 카테고리)
-        const parent = categoriesTree.find(
-          (category) => category.id === categoriesTree[i].parentId,
-        );
-        if (parent) {
-          if (!parent.children) parent.children = [];
-          parent.children.push(categoriesTree[i]);
-          categoriesTree.splice(i, 1);
-          i--;
-        }
+  for (let i = 0; i < categoriesTree.length; i++) {
+    if (categoriesTree[i].parentId) {
+      // 중간 카테고리 작업(세부 카테고리)
+      const parent = categoriesTree.find(
+        (category) => category.id === categoriesTree[i].parentId,
+      );
+      if (parent) {
+        if (!parent.children) parent.children = [];
+        parent.children.push(categoriesTree[i]);
+        categoriesTree.splice(i, 1);
+        i--;
       }
     }
-
-    return categoriesTree;
   }
 
-  findCategoryFamily(
-    categories: Category[] | undefined,
-    category: Category,
-  ): CategoryTreeNode[] {
-    if (!categories) return [category];
-
-    const topParentId = findTopParentCategory(categories, category);
-    const categoriesTree: CategoryTreeNode[] =
-      this.generateCategoriesTree(categories);
+  return categoriesTree;
+};
 
-    return categoriesTree.filter((category) => category.id === topParentId);
-  }
+export const findCategoryFamily = (
+  categories: Category[] | undefined,
+  category: Category,
+): CategoryTreeNode[] => {
+  if (!categories) return [category];
 
-  /**
-   * 대 카테고리를 기준으로 중복 체크하고,
-   * 최상위 카테고리의 카운트를 올려줌
-   *
-   * @param link
-   * @param category
-   * @param userInDb
-   */
-  async checkContentDuplicateAndAddCategorySaveLog(
-    link: string | undefined,
-    category: Category,
-    userInDb: User,
-  ): Promise<void> {
-    // 최상위 카테고리부터 시작해서 하위 카테고리까지의 그룹을 찾아옴
-    const categoryFamily: CategoryTreeNode[] = this.findCategoryFamily(
-      userInDb?.categories,
-      category,
-    );
+  const topParentId = findTopParentCategory(categories, category);
+  const categoriesTree: CategoryTreeNode[] = generateCategoriesTree(categories);
 
-    /*
-     * 카테고리의 중복을 체크하고, 중복이 없다면 최상위 카테고리의 count를 증가시킴
-     */
-
-    // 카테고리 그룹을 flat 시킴
-    const flatDeep = (
-      arr: CategoryTreeNode[],
-      d: number,
-    ): CategoryTreeNode[] => {
-      return d > 0
-        ? arr.reduce((acc: CategoryTreeNode[], cur) => {
-            const forConcat = [cur];
-            return acc.concat(
-              cur.children
-                ? forConcat.concat(flatDeep(cur.children, d - 1))
-                : cur,
-            );
-          }, [])
-        : arr.slice();
-    };
+  return categoriesTree.filter((category) => category.id === topParentId);
+};
 
-    const flatCategoryFamily: CategoryTreeNode[] = flatDeep(
-      categoryFamily,
-      Infinity,
-    );
+/**
+ * 대 카테고리를 기준으로 중복 체크하고,
+ * 최상위 카테고리의 카운트를 올려줌
+ *
+ * @param link
+ * @param category
+ * @param userInDb
+ */
+export const checkContentDuplicateAndAddCategorySaveLog = async (
+  link: string | undefined,
+  category: Category,
+  userInDb: User,
+): Promise<void> => {
+  // 최상위 카테고리부터 시작해서 하위 카테고리까지의 그룹을 찾아옴
+  const categoryFamily: CategoryTreeNode[] = findCategoryFamily(
+    userInDb?.categories,
+    category,
+  );
+
+  /*
+   * 카테고리의 중복을 체크하고, 중복이 없다면 최상위 카테고리의 count를 증가시킴
+   */
 
-    // 유저의 대 category 내에 같은 link로 된 content가 있는지 체크
-    if (userInDb.contents) {
-      for (const contentInFilter of userInDb.contents) {
-        if (
-          contentInFilter.link === link &&
-          flatCategoryFamily.filter(
-            (categoryInFamily) =>
-              categoryInFamily.id === contentInFilter.category?.id,
-          ).length > 0
-        ) {
-          throw new ConflictException(
-            'Content with that link already exists in same category family.',
+  // 카테고리 그룹을 flat 시킴
+  const flatDeep = (arr: CategoryTreeNode[], d: number): CategoryTreeNode[] => {
+    return d > 0
+      ? arr.reduce((acc: CategoryTreeNode[], cur) => {
+          const forConcat = [cur];
+          return acc.concat(
+            cur.children
+              ? forConcat.concat(flatDeep(cur.children, d - 1))
+              : cur,
           );
-        }
+        }, [])
+      : arr.slice();
+  };
+
+  const flatCategoryFamily: CategoryTreeNode[] = flatDeep(
+    categoryFamily,
+    Infinity,
+  );
+
+  // 유저의 대 category 내에 같은 link로 된 content가 있는지 체크
+  if (userInDb.contents) {
+    for (const contentInFilter of userInDb.contents) {
+      if (
+        contentInFilter.link === link &&
+        flatCategoryFamily.filter(
+          (categoryInFamily) =>
+            categoryInFamily.id === contentInFilter.category?.id,
+        ).length > 0
+      ) {
+        throw new ConflictException(
+          'Content with that link already exists in same category family.',
+        );
       }
     }
+  }
 
-    /*
-     * 최상위 카테고리의 count를 증가시킨 후,
-     * 해당 카테고리의 저장 기록을 유저 로그 파일에 추가함
-     */
+  /*
+   * 최상위 카테고리의 count를 증가시킨 후,
+   * 해당 카테고리의 저장 기록을 유저 로그 파일에 추가함
+   */
 
-    // 최상위 카테고리 분리
-    const updatedTopCategory: Category = categoryFamily[0];
+  // 최상위 카테고리 분리
+  const updatedTopCategory: Category = categoryFamily[0];
 
-    // 최상위 카테고리의 count 증가
-    const log = `{"categoryId": ${
-      updatedTopCategory.id
-    },"savedAt": ${new Date().getTime()}}\n`;
+  // 최상위 카테고리의 count 증가
+  const log = `{"categoryId": ${
+    updatedTopCategory.id
+  },"savedAt": ${new Date().getTime()}}\n`;
 
-    // 유저 로그 파일에 로그 추가
-    fs.appendFileSync(
-      `${__dirname}/../../../user_logs/${userInDb.id}.txt`,
-      log,
-    );
-  }
+  // 유저 로그 파일에 로그 추가
+  fs.appendFileSync(`${__dirname}/../../../user_logs/${userInDb.id}.txt`, log);
+};
 
-  /**
-   * 파일에서 로그를 불러오는 함수
-   * @param id
-   * @returns RecentCategoryList[]
-   */
-  loadLogs(id: number): RecentCategoryList[] {
-    const logList: string[] = fs
-      .readFileSync(`${__dirname}/../../user_logs/${id}.txt`)
-      .toString()
-      .split('\n');
-    logList.pop(); // 마지막 줄은 빈 줄이므로 제거
-
-    // logList를 RecentCategoryList[]로 변환
-    const recentCategoryList: RecentCategoryList[] = logList.map((str) => {
-      const categoryId = +str.split('"categoryId": ')[1].split(',')[0];
-      const savedAt = +str.split('"savedAt": ')[1].split('}')[0];
-      return {
-        categoryId,
-        savedAt,
-      };
-    });
-
-    // 최신 순으로 정렬 후 반환
-    return recentCategoryList.reverse();
-  }
+/**
+ * 파일에서 로그를 불러오는 함수
+ * @param id
+ * @returns RecentCategoryList[]
+ */
+export const loadLogs = (id: number): RecentCategoryList[] => {
+  const logList: string[] = fs
+    .readFileSync(`${__dirname}/../../user_logs/${id}.txt`)
+    .toString()
+    .split('\n');
+  logList.pop(); // 마지막 줄은 빈 줄이므로 제거
+
+  // logList를 RecentCategoryList[]로 변환
+  const recentCategoryList: RecentCategoryList[] = logList.map((str) => {
+    const categoryId = +str.split('"categoryId": ')[1].split(',')[0];
+    const savedAt = +str.split('"savedAt": ')[1].split('}')[0];
+    return {
+      categoryId,
+      savedAt,
+    };
+  });
 
-  /**
-   * 불러온 로그를 바탕으로 카테고리당 저장된 카운트와 함께 배열을 만드는 함수(매번 10개씩 조회한다.)
-   * @param recentCategoryList
-   * @param recentCategoriesWithSaveCount
-   * @param till
-   * @returns
-   */
-  makeCategoryListWithSaveCount(
-    recentCategoryList: RecentCategoryList[],
-    recentCategoriesWithSaveCount: RecentCategoryListWithSaveCount[],
-    till: number,
-  ): RecentCategoryListWithSaveCount[] {
-    const start: number = till - 10;
-    const end: number = till;
-    for (let i = start; i < end && i < recentCategoryList.length; i++) {
-      const inNewList = recentCategoriesWithSaveCount.find(
-        (category) => category.categoryId === recentCategoryList[i].categoryId,
-      );
-      if (inNewList) {
-        inNewList.saveCount++;
-      } else {
-        recentCategoriesWithSaveCount.push({
-          ...recentCategoryList[i],
-          saveCount: 1,
-        });
-      }
-    }
+  // 최신 순으로 정렬 후 반환
+  return recentCategoryList.reverse();
+};
 
-    return recentCategoriesWithSaveCount;
+/**
+ * 불러온 로그를 바탕으로 카테고리당 저장된 카운트와 함께 배열을 만드는 함수(매번 10개씩 조회한다.)
+ * @param recentCategoryList
+ * @param recentCategoriesWithSaveCount
+ * @param till
+ * @returns
+ */
+export const makeCategoryListWithSaveCount = (
+  recentCategoryList: RecentCategoryList[],
+  recentCategoriesWithSaveCount: RecentCategoryListWithSaveCount[],
+  till: number,
+): RecentCategoryListWithSaveCount[] => {
+  const start: number = till - 10;
+  const end: number = till;
+  for (let i = start; i < end && i < recentCategoryList.length; i++) {
+    const inNewList = recentCategoriesWithSaveCount.find(
+      (category) => category.categoryId === recentCategoryList[i].categoryId,
+    );
+    if (inNewList) {
+      inNewList.saveCount++;
+    } else {
+      recentCategoriesWithSaveCount.push({
+        ...recentCategoryList[i],
+        saveCount: 1,
+      });
+    }
   }
-}
 
-const findTopParentCategory = (
+  return recentCategoriesWithSaveCount;
+};
+
+export const findTopParentCategory = (
   categories: Category[],
   category: Category,
 ): number => {
diff --git a/src/contents/util/content.util.ts b/src/contents/util/content.util.ts
index f2fca95..f58a2ce 100644
--- a/src/contents/util/content.util.ts
+++ b/src/contents/util/content.util.ts
@@ -1,98 +1,95 @@
-import { BadRequestException, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { BadRequestException } from '@nestjs/common';
 import * as cheerio from 'cheerio';
 import axios from 'axios';
 
-@Injectable()
-export class ContentUtil {
-  async getLinkInfo(link: string) {
-    let title: string | undefined = '';
-    let coverImg: string | undefined = '';
-    let description: string | undefined = '';
-    let siteName: string | undefined;
+export const getLinkInfo = async (link: string) => {
+  let title: string | undefined = '';
+  let coverImg: string | undefined = '';
+  let description: string | undefined = '';
+  let siteName: string | undefined;
 
-    if (!link.match(/^(http|https):\/\//)) {
-      link = `http://${link}`;
-    }
+  if (!link.match(/^(http|https):\/\//)) {
+    link = `http://${link}`;
+  }
 
-    await axios
-      .get(link)
-      .then((res) => {
-        if (res.status !== 200) {
-          throw new BadRequestException('잘못된 링크입니다.');
-        } else {
-          const data = res.data;
-          if (typeof data === 'string') {
-            const $ = cheerio.load(data);
-            title = $('title').text() !== '' ? $('title').text() : 'Untitled';
-            $('meta').each((i, el) => {
-              const meta = $(el);
-              if (meta.attr('property') === 'og:image') {
-                coverImg = meta.attr('content');
-              }
-              if (meta.attr('property') === 'og:description') {
-                description = meta.attr('content');
-              }
-              if (meta.attr('property') === 'og:site_name') {
-                siteName = meta.attr('content');
-              }
-            });
-          }
+  await axios
+    .get(link)
+    .then((res) => {
+      if (res.status !== 200) {
+        throw new BadRequestException('잘못된 링크입니다.');
+      } else {
+        const data = res.data;
+        if (typeof data === 'string') {
+          const $ = cheerio.load(data);
+          title = $('title').text() !== '' ? $('title').text() : 'Untitled';
+          $('meta').each((i, el) => {
+            const meta = $(el);
+            if (meta.attr('property') === 'og:image') {
+              coverImg = meta.attr('content');
+            }
+            if (meta.attr('property') === 'og:description') {
+              description = meta.attr('content');
+            }
+            if (meta.attr('property') === 'og:site_name') {
+              siteName = meta.attr('content');
+            }
+          });
         }
-      })
-      .catch((e) => {
-        // Control unreachable link
-        // if(e.message === 'Request failed with status code 403') {
-        // 403 에러가 발생하는 링크는 크롤링이 불가능한 링크이다.
-        // }
-        for (let idx = 1; idx < 3; idx++) {
-          if (link.split('/').at(-idx) !== '') {
-            title = link.split('/').at(-idx);
-            break;
-          }
+      }
+    })
+    .catch((e) => {
+      // Control unreachable link
+      // if(e.message === 'Request failed with status code 403') {
+      // 403 에러가 발생하는 링크는 크롤링이 불가능한 링크이다.
+      // }
+      for (let idx = 1; idx < 3; idx++) {
+        if (link.split('/').at(-idx) !== '') {
+          title = link.split('/').at(-idx);
+          break;
         }
-        title = title ? title : 'Untitled';
-      });
+      }
+      title = title ? title : 'Untitled';
+    });
 
-    return {
-      title,
-      description,
-      coverImg,
-      siteName,
-    };
-  }
+  return {
+    title,
+    description,
+    coverImg,
+    siteName,
+  };
+};
 
-  async getLinkContent(link: string) {
-    let content: string | undefined = '';
+export const getLinkContent = async (link: string) => {
+  let content: string | undefined = '';
 
-    if (!link.match(/^(http|https):\/\//)) {
-      link = `http://${link}`;
-    }
+  if (!link.match(/^(http|https):\/\//)) {
+    link = `http://${link}`;
+  }
 
-    await axios
-      .get(link)
-      .then((res) => {
-        if (res.status !== 200) {
-          throw new BadRequestException('잘못된 링크입니다.');
-        } else {
-          const data = res.data;
-          if (typeof data === 'string') {
-            const $ = cheerio.load(data);
-            content = '';
-            $('p').each((i, elem) => {
-              // 모든 p 태그에 대해 작업을 수행합니다.
-              content += $(elem).text() + '\n'; // 각 p 태그의 텍스트를 가져와서 누적합니다.
-            });
-          }
+  await axios
+    .get(link)
+    .then((res) => {
+      if (res.status !== 200) {
+        throw new BadRequestException('잘못된 링크입니다.');
+      } else {
+        const data = res.data;
+        if (typeof data === 'string') {
+          const $ = cheerio.load(data);
+          content = '';
+          $('p').each((i, elem) => {
+            // 모든 p 태그에 대해 작업을 수행합니다.
+            content += $(elem).text() + '\n'; // 각 p 태그의 텍스트를 가져와서 누적합니다.
+          });
         }
-      })
-      .catch((e) => {
-        // Control unreachable link
-        // if(e.message === 'Request failed with status code 403') {
-        // 403 에러가 발생하는 링크는 크롤링이 불가능한 링크이다.
-        // }
-        content = '';
-      });
+      }
+    })
+    .catch((e) => {
+      // Control unreachable link
+      // if(e.message === 'Request failed with status code 403') {
+      // 403 에러가 발생하는 링크는 크롤링이 불가능한 링크이다.
+      // }
+      content = '';
+    });
 
-    return content;
-  }
-}
+  return content;
+};