How to implement a `ng_netdev` enabled device

The following sections describe how to implement a ng_netdev enabled device.

required data types and variables

• An instance of ng_netdev_driver_t that references your functions (as they are described below).
• An extension of ng_netdev_t (an instance of this will be called the device descriptor)
  • You can extend a struct by adding the following members
    • ng_netdev_driver_t *driver (required)
    • ng_netdev_event_cb_t event_cb (required)
    • ng_netdev_driver_t mac_pid (required)
    • add additional members as you like (e.g. your configuration options or information of the states)

device initialization

• Your device needs an initialization function which has the device instance as an out parameter
• set driver to the ng_netdev_driver_t instance of your device
• set your configuration options to there initial default value
  • if you have to initialize the hardware address, take it from a node-unique source like periph/cpuid.
  • remember to set the universal/local-bit for EUI-48 and EUI-64 to local!
  • remember to set the individual/group-bit for EUI-48 and EUI-64 to individual!
• do any initialization routine your device needs

add event callback

• (implementation of driver.add_event_callback)

• the implementation is pretty much always the same:

static int _remove_cb(ng_netdev_t *dev, ng_netdev_event_cb_t cb) { if ((dev == NULL) || (dev->driver != &ng_tapnet_driver)) { return -ENODEV; }

if (dev->event_cb != NULL) { return -ENOBUFS; }

dev->event_cb = cb;

return 0; }

# remove event callback
* *(implementation of [`driver.rem_event_callback`](http://riot-os.org/api/structng__netdev__driver__t.html#a04583d4d29e2e11b1f6ad0557ed2a576))*
* the implementation is pretty much always the same:

``` {.c}
static int _add_cb(ng_netdev_t *dev, ng_netdev_event_cb_t cb)
{
if ((dev == NULL) || (dev->driver != &ng_tapnet_driver)) {
     return -ENODEV;
}

if (dev->event_cb != NULL) {
     return -ENOBUFS;
}

dev->event_cb = cb;

return 0;
}

events

• in interrupt handler of driver:

  • determine event type event_type

    • value can be chosen by driver
    • not necessarily bound to ng_netdev_event_t

  • determine device dev

  • send message msg to dev->mac_pid (event handler thread) with

    msg.type == NG_NETDEV_MSG_TYPE_EVENT
    msg.content.value = event_type
    msg_send(&msg, dev->mac_pid);
    

• in thread dev->mac_pid (dev is known by event handler thread):

  msg_receive(&msg);
  
  switch (msg.type) {
       case NG_NETDEV_MSG_TYPE_EVENT:
           dev->driver->isr_event(dev, msg.content.value);
           break;
       /* ... */
  }
  

• in driver.isr_event(dev, event_type):

  • check dev (dev != NULL and dev->driver == &driver)
  • call event handlers _event_<event_type>() for event according to event

• FAQ:

  • TODO

RX started

TODO

RX complete

• read received data data (of length data_len) from device

• add ng_netif_hdr_t with both source l2src (of length l2src_len) and destination address l2_dest (of length l2dst_len) to ng_pktbuf

  ng_pktsnip_t *hdr = ng_netif_hdr_build(l2src, l2src_len,
                                          l2dst, l2dst_len);
  
  if (hdr == NULL) {
       DEBUG("Packet buffer full.\n");
       return;
  }
  
  hdr->if_pid = thread_getpid();
  hdr->rssi = l2rssi;
  hdr->lqi = l2lqi;
  

• determine demultiplexing type demux_type (e.g. via Ethertype with Ethernet devices) if available

• otherwise demux_type can be a fixed value (e.g. NG_NETTYPE_SIXLOWPAN for IEEE 802.15.4 devices)

• copy payload of received packet into packet buffer

  ng_nettype_t demux_type = NG_NETTYPE_UNDEF;
  
  switch (ether_type) {
  #ifdef MODULE_NG_IPV6
       case ETHER_TYPE_IPV6:
           demux_type = NG_NETTYPE_IPV6;
           break;
  #endif
  
       default:
           break;
  }
  
  pkt = ng_pktbuf_add(NULL, data + L2_HDR_LEN, data_len, demux_type);
  pkt->next = hdr;
  
  if (pkt == NULL) {
       DEBUG("Packet buffer full.\n");
       ng_pktbuf_release(hdr_snip);
       return;
  }
  

• call callback event handler with pkt as argument if available:

  if (dev->event_cb) {
      dev->event_cb(NETDEV_EVENT_RX_COMPLETE, pkt);
  }
  else {
      ng_pktbuf_release(pkt);
  }
  

• release packet also in other error case, no one else will clean-up your mess 😉

• FAQ:

  • TODO

TX started

TODO

TX complete

TODO

send data

• (implementation of driver.send_data)

• check if pkt != NULL, return -EFAULT on failure

• check dev (dev != NULL and dev->driver == &driver)

  • on failure: release pkt return -ENODEV

• build device header from netif_hdr (is first header in pkt)

• put device header in out buffer

• put rest of pkt out buffer out_buf (may also be SPI buffer or similar)

  ng_pktsnip_t *ptr = pkt->next;
  int nwrite = L2_HDR_LEN;
  
  while (ptr) {
       memcpy(out_buf + nwrite, ptr->data, ptr->size);
  
       if (nwrite > OUT_BUF_SIZE) {
           ng_pktbuf_release(pkt);
           return -ENOBUFS;
       }
  
       ptr = ptr->next;
  }
  
  ng_pktbuf_release(pkt);

• send content of out buffer

• release packet also in other error case, no one else will clean-up your mess 😉

• FAQ:

  • TODO

get

• (implementation of driver.get)
• check dev (dev != NULL and dev->driver == &driver), return -ENODEV on failure
• check if getting of opt is supported, return -ENOSUP on failure
• check if *value_len is appropriate for opt, return -EOVERFLOW on failure
  • use *value_len < sizeof(option_type) for array like options (like addresses)
  • use *value_len != sizeof(option_type) for primitive types
• set *value_len to sizeof(option_type)
• copy option_value into value
• return length of parameter on success
• FAQ:
  • TODO

set

• (implementation of driver.set)
• check dev (dev != NULL and dev->driver == &driver), return -ENODEV on failure
• check if setting of opt is supported, return -ENOSUP on failure
• check if *value_len is appropriate for opt, return -EOVERFLOW on failure
  • use *value_len < sizeof(option_type) for array like options (like addresses)
  • use *value_len != sizeof(option_type) for primitive types
• set *value_len to sizeof(option_type)
• copy option_value into value
• return length of parameter on success
• FAQ:
  • TODO