Contents
- Full query
- General notes
- Documentation and strings for each target
- Contributions
- Footnotes
Results of the full search in its current state can be viewed on Web of Science by clicking here (no filters; publication year = last 5 years): https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/1b42f448-9899-4c76-bf07-f12946a0df77-a862dd9b/relevance/1
This document contains search strings for finding publications related to the topics in SDG 1 targets and indicators ("topic approach"; focus on recall, larger result set). We also have a version which finds publications related to the actions in SDG 1 targets and indicators ("action approach"; focus on precision, smaller result set), provided in the same repository as this file. For more explanation, see the Readme in this repository.
Targets and Indicators were found from the UN Statistics Division (UN Statistics Division, 2021). This list includes "the global indicator framework as contained in A/RES/71/313, the refinements agreed by the Statistical Commission at its 49th session in March 2018 (E/CN.3/2018/2, Annex II) and 50th session in March 2019 (E/CN.3/2019/2, Annex II), changes from the 2020 Comprehensive Review (E/CN.3/2020/2, Annex II) and refinements (E/CN.3/2020/2, Annex III) from the 51st session in March 2020, and refinements from the 52nd session in March 2021 (E/CN.3/2021/2, Annex)". (https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/indicators-list/).
Our classification of countries as least developed countries (LDCs), small island developing states (SIDS) and landlocked developing states (LDS) is taken from the Statistical Annex of United Nations World Economic Situation and Prospects (tables F, H and I) (United Nations, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021). Additional terms for these countries, generic terms for country groups, and terms for low and middle income countries (LMICs) were gathered from the LMIC 2020 filter from the Norwegian Satellite of Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC), developed by the Norwegian Institute of Public Heath (https://epoc.cochrane.org/lmic-filters).
During editing of this string (2021), we have also consulted of queries from the Aurora Universities network (2020)
1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day
1.1.1 Proportion of the population living below the international poverty line by sex, age, employment status and geographic location (urban/rural)
This target is interpreted as to cover research about extreme poverty. Here we consider relevance limited to research about absolute poverty, vs. target 1.2 which is about poverty generally.
This query consists of 1 phrase. The elements of the phrase are: extreme/global poverty.
(("liv*" OR "surviv*" ) NEAR/5 "$1.25 ")) was taken out as adds irrelevant hits (picks up random numbers from abstracts). international poverty will cover international poverty line. global poverty is a slightly messy term which gives many relevant but some less relevant results, but is the term used by the World Bank who are the custodians of 1.1 and set the limit of $1.25 ($2.15 as of Sep 2022) for the global poverty line (World Bank, 2022).
TS=
("extreme poverty" OR "severe poverty" OR "deep poverty" OR "abject poverty" OR "absolute poverty" OR "destitution"
OR "global poverty" OR "international poverty"
) 1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions
1.2.1 Proportion of population living below the national poverty line, by sex and age
1.2.2 Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions
This target is interpreted as to cover research about poverty and poor communities/groups. Research about decent work was considered for inclusion, as this is highlighted as a route out of poverty in the High level political forum document (UN 2017). However we have not included it as a term - it is not necessarily linked to poverty, and articles linking this topic with poverty reduction can be expected to be covered by the phrase below.
This query consists of 1 phrase. The elements of the phrase are: poverty/the poor.
We have added the term NOT species poor to remove biology results found by poor communit*. poor is used in phrases - when combined with NEAR there are many medical results (e.g. "children with poor eyesight").
TS=
(
("anti-poverty" OR "antipoverty" OR "out of poverty"
OR "poverty" OR "rural poor" OR "urban poor" OR "working poor"
OR ("poorest" NEAR/3 ("household$" OR "people" OR "children" OR "families" OR "communit*" OR "relief"))
OR "poor household$" OR "poor people" OR "poor children" OR "poor families" OR "poor communities" OR "poor relief"
)
NOT "species poor"
)1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable
1.3.1 Proportion of population covered by social protection floors/systems, by sex, distinguishing children, unemployed persons, older persons, persons with disabilities, pregnant women, newborns, work-injury victims and the poor and the vulnerable
This target is interpreted as to cover research about social protection systems and social floors.
To aid interpretation of "social protection" and find terms, we used a guide to terminology and types from the Governance and Social Development Resource Centre (Carter et al. 2019). We interpreted social floors according to the ILO, as including basic health care and basic income security for certain groups (children, elderly, unemployed or unable to work) (International Labour Organization n.d.).
This query consists of 2 phrases. Some of the terms for services/systems work well without groups of people (phrase 1), but some need to be combined with "the poor and the vulnerable" to get relevant results (phrase 2).
This phrase is about floors, protection systems and welfare systems. The elements of the phrase are: social protection systems.
As most of the social protection terms include a systemic element (systems, services) they do not need to be combined with groups of people. social assistance seems to work better alone - works were missed when combined with services. welfare state was considered but excluded as it leads mostly to papers about early welfare states and the history of those.
TS=
(
"welfare system$" OR "welfare service$"
OR "social security system" OR "social service$" OR "social assistance" OR "social floor$" OR "social protection program*" OR "social insurance program*"
OR "social safety net$" OR "safety net program*"
)This phrase is also about social floors and systems, but includes the terms which work better when combined with groups of people. The elements of the phrase are:social protection/social floors + poor/vulnerable.
For the poor and vulnerable terms, we use general terms for poverty/low income, plus terms for "vulnerable" groups from indicator 1.3.1. We used UN sources to find additional terms and groups that can be considered "vulnerable" (Blanchard et al., 2017; Office of the High Commissioner, n.d.; United Nations, n.d.). "social care service$" are sometimes considered a part of social protection (Carter et al. 2019) - we therefore include social care services here, although they do introduce noise as there are works which mention them as a factor (e.g. a health study that discusses whether participants had access to social care).
TS=
(
("social protection$" OR "social security" OR "social benefits" OR "social insurance" OR "social care service$"
OR "basic income" OR "income security" OR "guaranteed income$" OR "living allowance" OR "housing assistance"
OR "cash benefit$" OR "cash transfer$" OR "cash plus program*"
OR "school feeding" OR "free school meals" OR "food stamp program*" OR "nutrition assistance program*" OR "food assistance program*" OR "WIC program*" OR "WIC benefits"
OR "labour market program*" OR "labor market program*" OR "labour market polic*" OR "labor market polic*" OR "labour market intervention$" OR "labor market intervention$" OR "public works program*"
OR "unemployment benefit$" OR "unemployment allowance" OR "unemployment insurance" OR "unemployment compensation"
OR "disability benefit$" OR "disability allowance" OR "disability pension$" OR "disability tax credit$" OR "disability insurance"
OR "health care benefit$" OR "sickness benefit$" OR "sick benefit" OR "sickness allowance" OR "sick pay" OR "paid sick leave" OR "paid medical leave"
OR "maternity benefit$" OR "maternity allowance" OR "maternity insurance" OR "paid matern* leave" OR "maternity pay"
OR "parental benefit$" OR "family leave tax credit$" OR "parental leave tax credit$" OR "paid parental leave" OR "paid family leave"
OR "child allowance" OR "child benefit$" OR "child tax credit$"
OR "pension benefit$" OR "pension$ insurance" OR "pension plan$" OR "public pension$" OR "state pension$"
)
AND
("poverty" OR "the poor" OR "the poorest" OR "rural poor" OR "urban poor" OR "working poor" OR "destitute" OR "living in poverty"
OR (("poor" OR "poorest" OR "low* income") NEAR/3 ("household$" OR "people" OR "children" OR "communit*" OR "neighbo$rhood*"))
OR "the vulnerable" OR "vulnerable group$" OR "vulnerable communit*" OR "marginali?ed group$" OR "marginali$ed communit*" OR "disadvantaged group$" OR "disadvantaged communit*"
OR "slum" OR "slums" OR "shanty town$" OR "informal settlement*" OR "homeless"
OR (("person$" OR "people$" OR "adult$") NEAR/3 ("vulnerable" OR "marginali$ed" OR "disadvantaged" OR "discriminated" OR "displaced*" OR "patient$" OR "trans" OR "intersex" OR "older" OR "old" OR "elderly" OR "retired" OR "indigenous"))
OR "disabled" OR "disabilities" OR "disability"
OR "elderly" OR "elders" OR "pensioners" OR "vulnerable seniors"
OR "unemployed" OR (("work" OR "workplace" OR "worker$" OR "occupational") NEAR/3 ("injury" OR "injuries" OR "illness*" OR "accident$"))
OR "women" OR "woman" OR "girls" OR "girl"
OR "pregnant" OR "pregnancy" OR "maternity"
OR "child" OR "children" OR "infant$" OR "babies" OR "newborn$" OR "toddler$" OR "youth$"
OR "sexual minorit*" OR "LGBT*" OR "lesbian$" OR "gay" OR "bisexual" OR "transgender*"
OR "living with HIV" OR "living with AIDS"
OR "ethnic minorit*" OR "minority group$" OR "refugee$" OR "migrant$" OR "immigrant$" OR "asylum*"
OR "indigenous group$"
)
)1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance
1.4.1 Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services
1.4.2 Proportion of total adult population with secure tenure rights to land, (a) with legally recognized documentation, and (b) who perceive their rights to land as secure, by sex and type of tenure
This target is interpreted to cover research about the "poor and the vulnerable" and:
- Access and rights to financial services ("financial inclusion"). We interpret this as money-based resources. For this we include research about microfinance, and access to digital finance and mobile money, plus other more traditional financial products/financial services. Includes credit, savings, payment services, fund transfers and insurance.
- Access and rights to economic resources and land/property/inheritance/natural resources (including rights for tenure, ownership and control, and security). We interpret "economic resources" to include mentioned elements such as land, natural resources and technology, but could also include human capital/labour (e.g. access to employment).
- Access and rights to basic services
We based this interpretation of financial and economic resources on Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2009) (p1), which states:
Economic resources refer to the direct factors of production such as “immoveable” assets, including land, housing, common pool resources and infrastructure, as well as “moveable” assets, such as productive equipment, technology and livestock. Financial resources refer to money-based resources, including government expenditures, private financial flows and official development assistance, as well as income, credit, savings and remittances. [...] Labour is the primary resource available to the vast majority of people, particularly those from low-income households [...]
Although the target states for "all men and women", we target the search to this SDG by combining the phrases to an element about "the poor and the vulnerable". We do this because a) some of the search terms are quite general (for example, appear in general economic research), and b) because other SDGs refer to access to specific basic services (e.g. modern energy in SDG 7, essential healthcare in SDG 3); thus we assume that the most relevant research for this target should also be somewhat related to poverty/poor/vulnerable. For the poor and vulnerable terms, we use general terms for poverty/low income, plus terms for "vulnerable" groups from indicator 1.3.1. We used UN sources to find additional terms and groups that can be considered "vulnerable" (Blanchard et al., 2017; Office of the High Commissioner, n.d.; United Nations, n.d.). We include least developed countries also (on the assumption that the population there as a whole can, on a global scale, be considered poorer or more vulnerable).
This phrase covers access and rights to financial services. The elements of the phrase are: inclusion/microfinance // access + financial services + poor/vulnerable.
Sources of terms for financial services included Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2009) and a digital financial inclusion report from the UNSGSA et al. (2018). For the topic approach, we allow some terms which are already closely related to the idea of access to stand alone without being connected to access or rights explicitly; this includes microfinance types (where access is a primary objective) and financial inclusion.
TS= ("financial inclusion" OR "microfinanc*" OR "micro-financ*" OR "microinsurance" OR "micro-insurance" OR "microcredit" OR "micro-credit" OR "microloan$" OR "micro-loan$")
OR TS=
(
(
("access*" OR "equitab*" OR "equity" OR "equality" OR "equal"
OR "ownership" OR "control" OR "right$" OR "empower*" OR "inclusion"
OR "affordab*" OR "pro poor" OR "inexpensive" OR "free of charge" OR "free service$"
OR "inaccessib*" OR "barrier$" OR "obstacle$" OR "unequal" OR "inequalit*" OR "inequitab*" OR "exclusion"
OR "unaffordab*" OR "expensive"
OR "unbanked"
)
NEAR/15
("banks" OR "a bank" OR "banking" OR "bank account$"
OR "digital finance" OR "mobile money" OR "electronic payments" OR "digital payment$" OR "fintech"
OR "credit" OR "savings" OR "insurance" OR "payment service$" OR "transfer service$" OR "transfer funds"
OR (("financial" OR "monetary") NEAR/1 ("resourc*" OR "opportunit*" OR "asset*" OR "servic*"))
)
)
AND
("poverty" OR "the poor" OR "the poorest" OR "rural poor" OR "urban poor" OR "working poor" OR "destitute" OR "living in poverty"
OR (("poor" OR "poorest" OR "low* income") NEAR/3 ("household$" OR "people" OR "children" OR "communit*" OR "neighbo$rhood*"))
OR "the vulnerable" OR "vulnerable group$" OR "vulnerable communit*" OR "marginali?ed group$" OR "marginali$ed communit*" OR "disadvantaged group$" OR "disadvantaged communit*"
OR "slum" OR "slums" OR "shanty town$" OR "informal settlement*" OR "homeless"
OR (("person$" OR "people$" OR "adult$") NEAR/3 ("vulnerable" OR "marginali$ed" OR "disadvantaged" OR "discriminated" OR "displaced*" OR "patient$" OR "trans" OR "intersex" OR "older" OR "old" OR "elderly" OR "retired" OR "indigenous"))
OR "disabled" OR "disabilities" OR "disability"
OR "elderly" OR "elders" OR "pensioners" OR "vulnerable seniors"
OR "unemployed" OR (("work" OR "workplace" OR "worker$" OR "occupational") NEAR/3 ("injury" OR "injuries" OR "illness*" OR "accident$"))
OR "women" OR "woman" OR "girls" OR "girl"
OR "pregnant" OR "pregnancy" OR "maternity"
OR "child" OR "children" OR "infant$" OR "babies" OR "newborn$" OR "toddler$" OR "youth$"
OR "sexual minorit*" OR "LGBT*" OR "lesbian$" OR "gay" OR "bisexual" OR "transgender*"
OR "living with HIV" OR "living with AIDS"
OR "ethnic minorit*" OR "minority group$" OR "refugee$" OR "migrant$" OR "immigrant$" OR "asylum*"
OR "indigenous group$"
OR "least developed countr*" OR "least developed nation$" OR "Angola*" OR "Benin" OR "beninese" OR "Burkina Faso" OR "Burkina fasso" OR "burkinese" OR "burkinabe" OR "Burundi*" OR "Central African Republic" OR "Chad" OR "Comoros" OR "comoro islands" OR "iles comores" OR "Congo" OR "congolese" OR "Djibouti*" OR "Eritrea*" OR "Ethiopia*" OR "Gambia*" OR "Guinea" OR "Guinea-Bissau" OR "guinean" OR "Lesotho" OR "lesothan*" OR "Liberia*" OR "Madagasca*" OR "Malawi*" OR "Mali" OR "malian" OR "Mauritania*" OR "Mozambique" OR "mozambican$" OR "Niger" OR "Rwanda*" OR "Sao Tome and Principe" OR "Senegal*" OR "Sierra Leone*" OR "Somalia*" OR "South Sudan" OR "Sudan" OR "sudanese" OR "Togo" OR "togolese" OR "tongan" OR "Uganda*" OR "Tanzania*" OR "Zambia*" OR "Cambodia*" OR "Kiribati*" OR "Lao People’s democratic republic" OR "Laos" OR "Myanmar" OR "myanma" OR "Solomon islands" OR "Timor Leste" OR "Tuvalu*" OR "Vanuatu*" OR "Afghanistan" OR "afghan$" OR "Bangladesh*" OR "Bhutan*" OR "Nepal*" OR "Yemen*" OR "Haiti*"
)
)This phrase covers access and rights to economic resources, natural resources, land, property and inheritance. The elements of the phrase are: access/rights + resources + poor/vulnerable.
"security" is used in phrases because otherwise there are many results about food security.
TS=
(
(
("access*" OR "equitab*" OR "equity" OR "equality" OR "equal"
OR "ownership" OR "control" OR "right$"
OR "affordab*" OR "pro poor"
OR "empower*" OR "inclusion" OR "sharing"
OR "tenure security" OR "secure tenure" OR "income security" OR "secure livelihood$"
OR "inaccessib*" OR "barrier$" OR "obstacle$" OR "unequal" OR "inequalit*" OR "inequitab*"
OR "unaffordab*" OR "exclusion" OR "land grab*" OR "insecurity"
)
NEAR/5
("economic resource$" OR "employment" OR "decent work" OR "paid work" OR "labour market$"
OR "income" OR "livelihood$" OR "wealth" OR "inheritance"
OR "land" OR "lands" OR "farmland$" OR "property" OR "natural resource$" OR "tenure"
)
)
AND
("poverty" OR "the poor" OR "the poorest" OR "rural poor" OR "urban poor" OR "working poor" OR "destitute" OR "living in poverty"
OR (("poor" OR "poorest" OR "low* income") NEAR/3 ("household$" OR "people" OR "children" OR "communit*" OR "neighbo$rhood*"))
OR "the vulnerable" OR "vulnerable group$" OR "vulnerable communit*" OR "marginali?ed group$" OR "marginali$ed communit*" OR "disadvantaged group$" OR "disadvantaged communit*"
OR "slum" OR "slums" OR "shanty town$" OR "informal settlement*" OR "homeless"
OR (("person$" OR "people$" OR "adult$") NEAR/3 ("vulnerable" OR "marginali$ed" OR "disadvantaged" OR "discriminated" OR "displaced*" OR "patient$" OR "trans" OR "intersex" OR "older" OR "old" OR "elderly" OR "retired" OR "indigenous"))
OR "disabled" OR "disabilities" OR "disability"
OR "elderly" OR "elders" OR "pensioners" OR "vulnerable seniors"
OR "unemployed" OR (("work" OR "workplace" OR "worker$" OR "occupational") NEAR/3 ("injury" OR "injuries" OR "illness*" OR "accident$"))
OR "women" OR "woman" OR "girls" OR "girl"
OR "pregnant" OR "pregnancy" OR "maternity"
OR "child" OR "children" OR "infant$" OR "babies" OR "newborn$" OR "toddler$" OR "youth$"
OR "sexual minorit*" OR "LGBT*" OR "lesbian$" OR "gay" OR "bisexual" OR "transgender*"
OR "living with HIV" OR "living with AIDS"
OR "ethnic minorit*" OR "minority group$" OR "refugee$" OR "migrant$" OR "immigrant$" OR "asylum*"
OR "indigenous group$"
OR "least developed countr*" OR "least developed nation$" OR "Angola*" OR "Benin" OR "beninese" OR "Burkina Faso" OR "Burkina fasso" OR "burkinese" OR "burkinabe" OR "Burundi*" OR "Central African Republic" OR "Chad" OR "Comoros" OR "comoro islands" OR "iles comores" OR "Congo" OR "congolese" OR "Djibouti*" OR "Eritrea*" OR "Ethiopia*" OR "Gambia*" OR "Guinea" OR "Guinea-Bissau" OR "guinean" OR "Lesotho" OR "lesothan*" OR "Liberia*" OR "Madagasca*" OR "Malawi*" OR "Mali" OR "malian" OR "Mauritania*" OR "Mozambique" OR "mozambican$" OR "Niger" OR "Rwanda*" OR "Sao Tome and Principe" OR "Senegal*" OR "Sierra Leone*" OR "Somalia*" OR "South Sudan" OR "Sudan" OR "sudanese" OR "Togo" OR "togolese" OR "tongan" OR "Uganda*" OR "Tanzania*" OR "Zambia*" OR "Cambodia*" OR "Kiribati*" OR "Lao People’s democratic republic" OR "Laos" OR "Myanmar" OR "myanma" OR "Solomon islands" OR "Timor Leste" OR "Tuvalu*" OR "Vanuatu*" OR "Afghanistan" OR "afghan$" OR "Bangladesh*" OR "Bhutan*" OR "Nepal*" OR "Yemen*" OR "Haiti*"
)
)Phrase 3 covers access to basic services. The elements of the phrase are: access + basic services + poor/vulnerable.
Basic services terms were gathered from documentation for indicator 1.4.1 in the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository (UN Statistics Division, 2022) and a presentation from UNESCAP/UN Habitat (Njiru, 2018). basic NEAR services is used to allow e.g. "basic sanitation services".
TS=
(
(
("access*" OR "equitab*" OR "equity" OR "equality" OR "equal" OR "empower*" OR "inclusion"
OR "ownership" OR "right$"
OR "inaccessib*" OR "barrier$" OR "obstacle$" OR "unequal" OR "inequalit*" OR "inequitab*" OR "exclusion"
OR "affordab*" OR "inexpensive" OR "low cost" OR "pro poor" OR "free of charge" OR "free service$"
OR "unaffordab*"
)
NEAR/10
(
("basic" NEAR/2 ("service$" OR "facility" OR "facilities"))
OR
(("drinking water" OR "sanitation" OR "hygiene" OR "toilet" OR "handwashing" OR "hand-washing" OR "sewage" OR "WASH")
NEAR/2 ("service$" OR "facility" OR "facilities" OR "basic" OR "safe")
)
OR "improved drinking water" OR "improved source$ of drinking water" OR "clean drinking water" OR "clean water"
OR (("waste" OR "garbage" OR "rubbish") NEAR/2 ("service$" OR "facility" OR "facilities"))
OR (("health" OR "medical") NEAR/2 ("service$" OR "facility" OR "facilities" OR "basic" OR "essential" OR "primary" OR "care"))
OR "healthcare"
OR (("education*" OR "school*") NEAR/2 ("service$" OR "facility" OR "facilities" OR "basic" OR "primary"))
OR
(("basic information" OR "telecommunication" OR "basic communication" OR "ICT")
NEAR/2 ("service$" OR "facility" OR "facilities" OR "infrastructure")
)
OR "electricity service$" OR "energy service$" OR "modern energy" OR "clean fuel$" OR "clean energy"
OR "public open space$" OR "public space$"
OR "basic mobility" OR "urban mobility" OR "rural mobility" OR "all-season road$"
OR ("transport*" NEAR/2 ("service$" OR "infrastructure" OR "system$" OR "public"))
)
)
AND
("poverty" OR "the poor" OR "the poorest" OR "rural poor" OR "urban poor" OR "working poor" OR "destitute" OR "living in poverty"
OR (("poor" OR "poorest" OR "low* income") NEAR/3 ("household$" OR "people" OR "children" OR "communit*" OR "neighbo$rhood*"))
OR "the vulnerable" OR "vulnerable group$" OR "vulnerable communit*" OR "marginali?ed group$" OR "marginali$ed communit*" OR "disadvantaged group$" OR "disadvantaged communit*"
OR "slum" OR "slums" OR "shanty town$" OR "informal settlement*" OR "homeless"
OR (("person$" OR "people$" OR "adult$") NEAR/3 ("vulnerable" OR "marginali$ed" OR "disadvantaged" OR "discriminated" OR "displaced*" OR "patient$" OR "trans" OR "intersex" OR "older" OR "old" OR "elderly" OR "retired" OR "indigenous"))
OR "disabled" OR "disabilities" OR "disability"
OR "elderly" OR "elders" OR "pensioners" OR "vulnerable seniors"
OR "unemployed" OR (("work" OR "workplace" OR "worker$" OR "occupational") NEAR/3 ("injury" OR "injuries" OR "illness*" OR "accident$"))
OR "women" OR "woman" OR "girls" OR "girl"
OR "pregnant" OR "pregnancy" OR "maternity"
OR "child" OR "children" OR "infant$" OR "babies" OR "newborn$" OR "toddler$" OR "youth$"
OR "sexual minorit*" OR "LGBT*" OR "lesbian$" OR "gay" OR "bisexual" OR "transgender*"
OR "living with HIV" OR "living with AIDS"
OR "ethnic minorit*" OR "minority group$" OR "refugee$" OR "migrant$" OR "immigrant$" OR "asylum*"
OR "indigenous group$"
OR "least developed countr*" OR "least developed nation$" OR "Angola*" OR "Benin" OR "beninese" OR "Burkina Faso" OR "Burkina fasso" OR "burkinese" OR "burkinabe" OR "Burundi*" OR "Central African Republic" OR "Chad" OR "Comoros" OR "comoro islands" OR "iles comores" OR "Congo" OR "congolese" OR "Djibouti*" OR "Eritrea*" OR "Ethiopia*" OR "Gambia*" OR "Guinea" OR "Guinea-Bissau" OR "guinean" OR "Lesotho" OR "lesothan*" OR "Liberia*" OR "Madagasca*" OR "Malawi*" OR "Mali" OR "malian" OR "Mauritania*" OR "Mozambique" OR "mozambican$" OR "Niger" OR "Rwanda*" OR "Sao Tome and Principe" OR "Senegal*" OR "Sierra Leone*" OR "Somalia*" OR "South Sudan" OR "Sudan" OR "sudanese" OR "Togo" OR "togolese" OR "tongan" OR "Uganda*" OR "Tanzania*" OR "Zambia*" OR "Cambodia*" OR "Kiribati*" OR "Lao People’s democratic republic" OR "Laos" OR "Myanmar" OR "myanma" OR "Solomon islands" OR "Timor Leste" OR "Tuvalu*" OR "Vanuatu*" OR "Afghanistan" OR "afghan$" OR "Bangladesh*" OR "Bhutan*" OR "Nepal*" OR "Yemen*" OR "Haiti*"
)
)1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters
1.5.1 Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
1.5.2 Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP)
1.5.3 Number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030
1.5.4 Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies
This target is interpreted to cover research about resilience and impacts of disasters for the poor and those in vulnerable situations. This includes works about disaster plans, and about social safety nets and disasters. We consider "climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters" to cover all kinds of disasters.
The target is limited to "the poor and those in vulnerable situations". For the poor and vulnerable terms, we use general terms for poverty/low income, plus terms for "vulnerable" groups from indicator 1.3.1. We used UN sources to find additional terms and groups that can be considered "vulnerable" (Blanchard et al., 2017; Office of the High Commissioner, n.d.; United Nations, n.d.). We have also included least-developed countries, small-island developing states and group-terms for developing countries, based on the assumption that these populations may be considered more vulnerable when it comes to disasters. social capital is also included as a term in this section - while this term does not correspond directly to poor and vulnerable, works using this term often refer to relevant populations.
We have used the hazards listed in Murray et al., (2021) to make a list of disasters based on their classification of hazards into hydrological/meteorological, geohazards, environmental, chemical, biological, technological, and societal.
This query consists of 1 phrase. The elements of the phrase are: disaster + poor/vulnerable.
TS=
(
(
("protect*" OR "safeguard*"
OR "safety net$" OR "social protection$" OR "social floor$" OR "social security"
OR "coping" OR "cope" OR "adapt*" OR "resilien*" OR "mitigat*" OR "preparedness" OR "protection" OR "early warning"
OR "impact$" OR "vulnerab*" OR "exposure"
OR
(
("disaster$" OR "risk$")
NEAR/3
("plan" OR "plans" OR "planning" OR "strateg*" OR "reduc*" OR "relief"
OR "manag*" OR "program$" OR "programme$" OR "policy" OR "policies" OR "medical response$"
)
)
OR "Sendai"
)
NEAR/15
("disaster$" OR "catastrophe$"
OR ("extreme$" NEAR/3 ("climat*" OR "weather" OR "precipitation" OR "rain" OR "snow" OR "temperature$" OR "storm$" OR "wind$"))
OR "rogue wave$" OR "tsunami$" OR "tropical cyclone$" OR "typhoon$" OR "hurricane$" OR "tornado*"
OR "drought$" OR "flood*"
OR "avalanche$" OR "landslide$" OR "land-slide$" OR "rockslide$" OR "rock-slide$" OR "rockfall$" OR "surface collapse$" OR "mudflow$" OR "mud-flow$"
OR "cold spells" OR "cold wave$" OR "dzud$" OR "blizzard$" OR "heatwave$" OR "heat-wave$"
OR "earthquake$" OR "volcanic activity" OR "volcanic emission$" OR "volcanic eruption$" OR "ash fall" OR "tephra fall"
OR "wildfire*" OR "wild-fire*" OR "forest fire*" OR "forestfire*"
OR ("sea level" NEAR/3 ("chang*" OR "rising" OR "rise$"))
OR (
("anthropogenic" OR "natural" OR "climat*"
OR "environmental" OR "deforestation" OR "desertification" OR "degredation" OR "pollution" OR "erosion"
OR "chemical" OR "heavy metal$" OR "pesticide$"
OR "biological" OR "disease" OR "zoonotic"
OR "technological" OR "radioactive" OR "nuclear" OR "cyber" OR "industrial" OR "construction" OR "transportation"
)
NEAR/3 ("hazard$")
)
OR "outbreak$" OR "pandemic$" OR "epidemic$"
OR "war" OR "wars" OR "armed conflict$"
OR (("volatil*" OR "unstable" OR "instability" OR "unrest") NEAR/5 ("political$" OR "civil"))
OR "financial crash*" OR "financial shock$" OR "financial disaster$"
OR "economic downturn$" OR "economic shock$" OR "economic disaster$"
)
)
AND
("poverty" OR "the poor" OR "the poorest" OR "rural poor" OR "urban poor" OR "working poor" OR "destitute" OR "living in poverty"
OR (("poor" OR "poorest" OR "low* income") NEAR/3 ("household$" OR "people" OR "children" OR "communit*" OR "neighbo$rhood*"))
OR "social capital"
OR "the vulnerable" OR "vulnerable group$" OR "vulnerable communit*" OR "marginali?ed group$" OR "marginali$ed communit*" OR "disadvantaged group$" OR "disadvantaged communit*"
OR "slum" OR "slums" OR "shanty town$" OR "informal settlement*" OR "homeless"
OR (("person$" OR "people$" OR "adult$") NEAR/3 ("vulnerable" OR "marginali$ed" OR "disadvantaged" OR "discriminated" OR "displaced*" OR "patient$" OR "trans" OR "intersex" OR "older" OR "old" OR "elderly" OR "retired" OR "indigenous"))
OR "disabled" OR "disabilities" OR "disability"
OR "elderly" OR "elders" OR "pensioners" OR "vulnerable seniors"
OR "unemployed" OR (("work" OR "workplace" OR "worker$" OR "occupational") NEAR/3 ("injury" OR "injuries" OR "illness*" OR "accident$"))
OR "women" OR "woman" OR "girls" OR "girl"
OR "pregnant" OR "pregnancy" OR "maternity"
OR "child" OR "children" OR "infant$" OR "babies" OR "newborn$" OR "toddler$" OR "youth$"
OR "sexual minorit*" OR "LGBT*" OR "lesbian$" OR "gay" OR "bisexual" OR "transgender*"
OR "living with HIV" OR "living with AIDS"
OR "ethnic minorit*" OR "minority group$" OR "refugee$" OR "migrant$" OR "immigrant$" OR "asylum*"
OR "indigenous group$"
OR "least developed countr*" OR "least developed nation$" OR "small island developing" OR "Angola*" OR "Benin" OR "beninese" OR "Burkina Faso" OR "Burkina fasso" OR "burkinese" OR "burkinabe" OR "Burundi*" OR "Central African Republic" OR "Chad" OR "Comoros" OR "comoro islands" OR "iles comores" OR "Congo" OR "congolese" OR "Djibouti*" OR "Eritrea*" OR "Ethiopia*" OR "Gambia*" OR "Guinea" OR "Guinea-Bissau" OR "guinean" OR "Lesotho" OR "lesothan*" OR "Liberia*" OR "Madagasca*" OR "Malawi*" OR "Mali" OR "malian" OR "Mauritania*" OR "Mozambique" OR "mozambican$" OR "Niger" OR "Rwanda*" OR "Sao Tome and Principe" OR "Senegal*" OR "Sierra Leone*" OR "Somalia*" OR "South Sudan" OR "Sudan" OR "sudanese" OR "Togo" OR "togolese" OR "tongan" OR "Uganda*" OR "Tanzania*" OR "Zambia*" OR "Cambodia*" OR "Kiribati*" OR "Lao People’s democratic republic" OR "Laos" OR "Myanmar" OR "myanma" OR "Solomon islands" OR "Timor Leste" OR "Tuvalu*" OR "Vanuatu*" OR "Afghanistan" OR "afghan$" OR "Bangladesh*" OR "Bhutan*" OR "Nepal*" OR "Yemen*" OR "Haiti*"
OR "Antigua and Barbuda" OR "Antigua & Barbuda" OR "antiguan$" OR "Bahamas" OR "Bahrain" OR "Barbados" OR "Belize" OR "Cabo Verde" OR "Cape Verde" OR "Comoros" OR "comoro islands" OR "iles comores" OR "Cuba" OR "cuban$" OR "Dominica*" OR "Dominican Republic" OR "Micronesia*" OR "Fiji" OR "fijian$" OR "Grenada*" OR "Guinea-Bissau" OR "Guyana*" OR "Haiti*" OR "Jamaica*" OR "Kiribati*" OR "Maldives" OR "maldivian$" OR "Marshall Islands" OR "Mauritius" OR "mauritian$" OR "Nauru*" OR "Palau*" OR "Papua New Guinea*" OR "Saint Kitts and Nevis" OR "st kitts and nevis" OR "Saint Lucia*" OR "St Lucia*" OR "Vincent and the Grenadines" OR "Vincent & the Grenadines" OR "Samoa*" OR "Sao Tome" OR "Seychelles" OR "seychellois*" OR "Singapore*" OR "Solomon Islands" OR "Surinam*" OR "Timor-Leste" OR "timorese" OR "Tonga*" OR "Trinidad and Tobago" OR "Trinidad & Tobago" OR "trinidadian$" OR "tobagonian$" OR "Tuvalu*" OR "Vanuatu*" OR "Anguilla*" OR "Aruba*" OR "Bermuda*" OR "Cayman Islands" OR "Northern Mariana$" OR "Cook Islands" OR "Curacao" OR "French Polynesia*" OR "Guadeloupe*" OR "Guam" OR "Martinique" OR "Montserrat" OR "New Caledonia*" OR "Niue" OR "Puerto Rico" OR "puerto rican" OR "Sint Maarten" OR "Turks and Caicos" OR "Turks & Caicos" OR "Virgin Islands"
OR "developing countr*" OR "developing nation$" OR "developing states" OR "developing world"
OR "less developed countr*" OR "less developed nation$"
OR "under developed countr*" OR "under developed nation$" OR "underdeveloped countr*" OR "underdeveloped nation$"
OR "underserved countr*" OR "underserved nation$"
OR "deprived countr*" OR "deprived nation$"
OR "middle income countr*" OR "middle income nation$"
OR "low income countr*" OR "low income nation$" OR "lower income countr*" OR "lower income nation$"
OR "poor countr*" OR "poor nation$" OR "poorer countr*" OR "poorer nation$"
OR "lmic" OR "lmics" OR "third world" OR "global south" OR "lami countr*" OR "transitional countr*" OR "emerging economies" OR "emerging nation$"
)
)1.a Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions.
1.a.1 Total official development assistance grants from all donors that focus on poverty reduction as a share of the recipient country’s gross national income
1.a.2 Proportion of total government spending on essential services (education, health and social protection)
This target is interpreted to cover research about investment in and cooperation for poverty eradication in developing countries. We do not include individual flows of money (e.g. remittances) in this interpretation. This query consists of 1 phrase. The elements of the phrase are: financing/cooperation + poverty alleviation + developing countries. Note that this string is the same as the action approach string.
FDI refers to "foreign direct investment". Using "UN" OR "europe*" OR "pacific" OR "asia$" OR "africa$" OR "latin america$" OR "*arctic" as terms for international (in "international" OR "development" OR "foreign") was tested, but mostly resulted in noise from South Africa.
TS=
(
(
("ODA" OR "development spending" OR "cooperation fund*" OR "FDI"
OR "cooperat*" OR "co-operat*" OR "collaborat*" OR "partnership$"
OR "fund$" OR "funding" OR "grant$" OR "invest" OR "investment$" OR "investing" OR "financing" OR "capital flow$"
OR "financial resources" OR "domestic resources" OR "fiscal resources" OR "economic resources" OR "mobili$e resources"
OR (
("international" OR "development" OR "foreign" OR "global")
NEAR/3 ("network$" OR "aid" OR "assistance")
)
)
NEAR/15
("anti-poverty" OR "antipoverty" OR "out of poverty" OR "pro poor"
OR ("poverty"
NEAR/5
("minimi*" OR "reduc*" OR "mitigat*"
OR "alleviat*" OR "tackl*" OR "fight*" OR "combat*"
OR "end" OR "ending" OR "eliminat*" OR "eradicat*" OR "prevent*"
OR "lift out of" OR "lifting out of" OR "overcom*" OR "escap*" OR "relief"
)
)
)
)
AND
("least developed countr*" OR "least developed nation$"
OR "developing countr*" OR "developing nation$" OR "developing states" OR "developing world"
OR "less developed countr*" OR "less developed nation$"
OR "under developed countr*" OR "under developed nation$" OR "underdeveloped countr*" OR "underdeveloped nation$"
OR "underserved countr*" OR "underserved nation$"
OR "deprived countr*" OR "deprived nation$"
OR "middle income countr*" OR "middle income nation$"
OR "low income countr*" OR "low income nation$" OR "lower income countr*" OR "lower income nation$"
OR "poor countr*" OR "poor nation$" OR "poorer countr*" OR "poorer nation$"
OR "lmic" OR "lmics" OR "third world" OR "global south" OR "lami countr*" OR "transitional countr*" OR "emerging economies" OR "emerging nation$"
OR "Angola*" OR "Benin" OR "beninese" OR "Burkina Faso" OR "Burkina fasso" OR "burkinese" OR "burkinabe" OR "Burundi*" OR "Central African Republic" OR "Chad" OR "Comoros" OR "comoro islands" OR "iles comores" OR "Congo" OR "congolese" OR "Djibouti*" OR "Eritrea*" OR "Ethiopia*" OR "Gambia*" OR "Guinea" OR "Guinea-Bissau" OR "guinean" OR "Lesotho" OR "lesothan*" OR "Liberia*" OR "Madagasca*" OR "Malawi*" OR "Mali" OR "malian" OR "Mauritania*" OR "Mozambique" OR "mozambican$" OR "Niger" OR "Rwanda*" OR "Sao Tome and Principe" OR "Senegal*" OR "Sierra Leone*" OR "Somalia*" OR "South Sudan" OR "Sudan" OR "sudanese" OR "Togo" OR "togolese" OR "tongan" OR "Uganda*" OR "Tanzania*" OR "Zambia*" OR "Cambodia*" OR "Kiribati*" OR "Lao People’s democratic republic" OR "Laos" OR "Myanmar" OR "myanma" OR "Solomon islands" OR "Timor Leste" OR "Tuvalu*" OR "Vanuatu*" OR "Afghanistan" OR "afghan$" OR "Bangladesh*" OR "Bhutan*" OR "Nepal*" OR "Yemen*" OR "Haiti*"
OR "Antigua and Barbuda" OR "Antigua & Barbuda" OR "antiguan$" OR "Bahamas" OR "Bahrain" OR "Barbados" OR "Belize" OR "Cabo Verde" OR "Cape Verde" OR "Comoros" OR "comoro islands" OR "iles comores" OR "Cuba" OR "cuban$" OR "Dominica*" OR "Dominican Republic" OR "Micronesia*" OR "Fiji" OR "fijian$" OR "Grenada*" OR "Guinea-Bissau" OR "Guyana*" OR "Haiti*" OR "Jamaica*" OR "Kiribati*" OR "Maldives" OR "maldivian$" OR "Marshall Islands" OR "Mauritius" OR "mauritian$" OR "Nauru*" OR "Palau*" OR "Papua New Guinea*" OR "Saint Kitts and Nevis" OR "st kitts and nevis" OR "Saint Lucia*" OR "St Lucia*" OR "Vincent and the Grenadines" OR "Vincent & the Grenadines" OR "Samoa*" OR "Sao Tome" OR "Seychelles" OR "seychellois*" OR "Singapore*" OR "Solomon Islands" OR "Surinam*" OR "Timor-Leste" OR "timorese" OR "Tonga*" OR "Trinidad and Tobago" OR "Trinidad & Tobago" OR "trinidadian$" OR "tobagonian$" OR "Tuvalu*" OR "Vanuatu*" OR "Anguilla*" OR "Aruba*" OR "Bermuda*" OR "Cayman Islands" OR "Northern Mariana$" OR "Cook Islands" OR "Curacao" OR "French Polynesia*" OR "Guadeloupe*" OR "Guam" OR "Martinique" OR "Montserrat" OR "New Caledonia*" OR "Niue" OR "Puerto Rico" OR "puerto rican" OR "Sint Maarten" OR "Turks and Caicos" OR "Turks & Caicos" OR "Virgin Islands"
OR "Afghanistan" OR "afghan*" OR "Armenia*" OR "Azerbaijan*" OR "Bhutan" OR "bhutanese" OR "Bolivia*" OR "Botswana*" OR "Burkina Faso" OR "Burundi" OR "Central African Republic" OR "Chad" OR "Eswatini" OR "eswantian" OR "Ethiopia*" OR "Kazakhstan*" OR "kazakh" OR "Kyrgyzstan" OR "Kyrgyz*" OR "kirghizia" OR "kirgizstan" OR "Lao People’s Democratic Republic" OR "Laos" OR "Lesotho" OR "Malawi" OR "malawian" OR "Mali" OR "Mongolia*" OR "Nepal*" OR "Niger" OR "North Macedonia" OR "Republic of Macedonia" OR "Paraguay" OR "Moldova*" OR "Rwanda$" OR "South Sudan" OR "sudanese" OR "Swaziland" OR "Tajikistan" OR "tadjikistan" OR "tajikistani$" OR "Turkmenistan" OR "Uganda*" OR "Uzbekistan" OR "uzbekistani$" OR "Zambia" OR "zambian$" OR "Zimbabwe*"
OR "albania*" OR "algeria*" OR "angola*" OR "argentina*" OR "azerbaijan*" OR "bahrain*" OR "belarus*" OR "byelarus*" OR "belorussia" OR "belize*" OR "honduras" OR "honduran" OR "dahomey" OR "bosnia*" OR "herzegovina*" OR "botswana*" OR "bechuanaland" OR "brazil*" OR "brasil*" OR "bulgaria*" OR "upper volta" OR "kampuchea" OR "khmer republic" OR "cameroon*" OR "cameroun" OR "ubangi shari" OR "chile*" OR "china" OR "chinese" OR "colombia*" OR "costa rica*" OR "cote d’ivoire" OR "cote divoire" OR "cote d ivoire" OR "ivory coast" OR "croatia*" OR "cyprus" OR "cypriot" OR "czech" OR "ecuador*" OR "egypt*" OR "united arab republic" OR "el salvador*" OR "estonia*" OR "eswatini" OR "swaziland" OR "swazi" OR "gabon" OR "gabonese" OR "gabonaise" OR "gambia*" OR "ghana*" OR "gibralta*" OR "greece" OR "greek" OR "honduras" OR "honduran$" OR "hungary" OR "hungarian$" OR "india" OR "indian$" OR "indonesia*" OR "iran" OR "iranian$" OR "iraq" OR "iraqi$" OR "isle of man" OR "jordan" OR "jordanian$" OR "kenya*" OR "korea*" OR "kosovo" OR "kosovan$" OR "latvia*" OR "lebanon" OR "lebanese" OR "libya*" OR "lithuania*" OR "macau" OR "macao" OR "macanese" OR "malagasy" OR "malaysia*" OR "malay federation" OR "malaya federation" OR "malta" OR "maltese" OR "mauritania" OR "mauritanian$" OR "mexico" OR "mexican$" OR "montenegr*" OR "morocco" OR "moroccan$" OR "namibia*" OR "netherlands antilles" OR "nicaragua*" OR "nigeria*" OR "oman" OR "omani$" OR "muscat" OR "pakistan*" OR "panama*" OR "papua new guinea*" OR "peru" OR "peruvian$" OR "philippine$" OR "philipine$" OR "phillipine$" OR "phillippine$" OR "filipino$" OR "filipina$" OR "poland" OR "polish" OR "portugal" OR "portugese" OR "romania*" OR "russia" OR "russian$" OR "polynesia*" OR "saudi arabia*" OR "serbia*" OR "slovakia*" OR "slovak republic" OR "slovenia*" OR "melanesia*" OR "south africa*" OR "sri lanka*" OR "dutch guiana" OR "netherlands guiana" OR "syria" OR "syrian$" OR "thailand" OR "thai" OR "tunisia*" OR "ukraine" OR "ukrainian$" OR "uruguay*" OR "venezuela*" OR "vietnam*" OR "west bank" OR "gaza" OR "palestine" OR "palestinian$" OR "yugoslavia*" OR "turkish" OR "turkey" OR "georgia*"
)
)1.b Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions
1.b.1 Pro-poor public social spending
This target is about policies that can stimulate investment in antipoverty actions, however, we interpret it more widely to cover research about policies and poverty reduction. This is because "policies for investment" is very difficult to build a search string for, as the terms are used for more than one aspect (e.g. policy to encourage investment in anti-poverty actions, investment in anti-poverty policies).
The elements of the phrase are: policy + antipoverty. Note that this string is the same as the action approach string.
TS=
(
("law$" OR "legislat*"
OR "program*" OR "strateg*" OR "policy" OR "policies" OR "plan" OR "framework$" OR "initiative$"
)
NEAR/15
("anti-poverty" OR "antipoverty" OR "out of poverty" OR "pro poor"
OR ("poverty"
NEAR/3
("minimi*" OR "reduc*" OR "mitigat*"
OR "alleviat*" OR "tackl*" OR "fight*" OR "combat*"
OR "end" OR "ending" OR "eliminat*" OR "eradicat*" OR "prevent*"
OR "lift out of" OR "lifting out of" OR "overcom*" OR "escap*" OR "relief"
)
)
)
)This phrase finds research which mentions this SDG. We include this as we consider works mentioning the SDG as relevant, and want to ensure they are found. It includes terms for the goal, and excludes specialist terms that may use the SDG acronym.
TS=
("SDG 1" OR "SDGs 1" OR "SDG1" OR "sustainable development goal$ 1"
OR
(
("sustainable development goal$" OR "SDG$" OR "goal 1")
NEAR/50 "poverty"
)
)
NOT
TS=("secoisolariciresinol diglycoside"
OR "secoisolariciresinol diglucoside"
OR "SD-stearic acid"
OR "SD-HPMC"
OR "short-duration grazing (SDG)"
OR "short-duration group (SDG)"
OR "set domain group (SDG)"
OR "spleen-derived growth factor (SDG)"
OR "steel design guide series (SDG)"
OR "steel design guide (SDG)"
OR "spray-dried gelatin (SDG)"
OR "single-display groupware (SDG)"
)-
v2019.12: Marta Lorenz, Caroline S. Armitage, Susanne Mikki
-
v1.0.0: Marta Lorenz (Sep 2021-Apr 2022), Caroline S. Armitage (May 2022-Oct 2022)
-
Internal review: Håkon Magne Bjerkan, Caroline S. Armitage (March 2022); Inger Gåsemyr (minor review Oct 2022)
-
Testing v1.2.2: Project group; see documentation https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8386611
-
v2.0.0: Caroline S. Armitage (Aug-Oct 2023), minor review Lise Vik Haugen.
Specialist input: Awaiting specialist input.
Aurora Universities Network. (2020). Search Queries for “Mapping Research Output to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)” v5.0. [Dataset]. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3817445. ↩
Blanchard et al. (2017). Words into action guidelines: National Disaster Risk Assessment. Special Topics: K. Consideration of Marginalized and Minority Groups in a National Disaster Risk Assessment. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. https://www.undrr.org/publication/marginalized-and-minority-groups-consideration-ndra. ↩
Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2009) 2009 World Survey on the Role of Women in Development: Women’s Control over Economic Resources and Access to Financial Resources, including Microfinance. United Nations. https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/public/WorldSurvey2009.pdf ↩
Carter, Roelen, Enfield & Avis (2019) Types of social protection. Governance and Social Development Resource Centre. (https://gsdrc.org/topic-guides/social-protection/types-of-social-protection/) [Accessed May 2022].↩
International Labour Organization (n.d.) Social protection floor. (https://www.ilo.org/secsoc/areas-of-work/policy-development-and-applied-research/social-protection-floor/lang--en/index.htm) [Accessed May 2022].↩
Murray, V. et al. (2021) Hazard Information Profiles: Supplement to UNDRR-ISC Hazard Definition & Classification Review: Technical Report: Geneva, Switzerland, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction; Paris, France, International Science Council. (https://council.science/publications/hazard-information-profiles/).[↩](#disasters)
Njiru, E. (March 2018) Introducing indicator 1.4.1. UNESCAP, UN Habitat Global Urban Observatory. https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Indicator%201.4.1_Basic%20Services.pdf (accessed Jun 2022). ↩
Office of the High Commissioner (n.d.) Non-discrimination: Groups in vulnerable situations. Special Rapporteur on the right to health. United Nations Human Rights. https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-health/non-discrimination-groups-vulnerable-situations (accessed Jun 2022). ↩
UNSGSA (Office of the United Nations Secretary-General’s Special Advocate for Inclusive Finance for Development, Her Majesty Queen Máxima of the Netherlands), the Better Than Cash Alliance, the United Nations Capital Development (UNCDF), and the World Bank. (2018). Igniting SDG Progress through Digital Financial Inclusion. https://www.betterthancash.org/explore-resources/igniting-sdg-progress-through-digital-financial-inclusion [accessed 30.04.2022] ↩
UN Statistics Division. (2021). Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. A/RES/71/313, E/CN.3/2018/2, E/CN.3/2019/2, E/CN.3/2020/2, E/CN.3/2021/2. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202021%20refinement_Eng.pdf [accessed 8 August 2021] ↩
UN Statistics Division (2022). SDG Indicators Metadata Repository. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata ↩
United Nations (2017) 2017 HLPF Thematic Review of SDG 1: End Poverty in All its Forms Everywhere. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/14379SDG1format-final_OD.pdf ↩
United Nations. (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021). World Economic Situation and Prospects; Statistical Annex. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/document_gem/global-economic-monitoring-unit/world-economic-situation-and-prospects-wesp-report/ ↩
United Nations (n.d.) Fight racism. Vulnerable groups, who are they?. https://www.un.org/en/fight-racism/vulnerable-groups?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI9ODI_PvC9wIVV53VCh3pQgZCEAAYASAAEgInB_D_BwE (accessed Jun 2022). ↩
World Bank (2022) Fact Sheet: An Adjustment to Global Poverty Lines. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/factsheet/2022/05/02/fact-sheet-an-adjustment-to-global-poverty-lines (accessed Jul 2023). ↩