- Setting up your local environment
- Making Changes
Fork the project on GitHub and clone your fork locally.
$ git clone git@github.com:username/RosettaStone.git
$ cd RosettaStone
$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/utilForever/RosettaStone.git
$ git fetch upstream
Build steps and dependencies differ slightly depending on your operating system. See these detailed guides on building RosettaStone locally:
Once you've built the project locally, you're ready to start making changes!
To keep your development environment organized, create local branches to
hold your work. These should be branched directly off of the master branch.
$ git checkout -b my-branch -t upstream/master
Most pull requests opened against the utilForever/RosettaStone repository include
changes to either the core C/C++ code in the Includes/ or Sources/ folders,
3rd-party libraries in the Libraries/ folder, console or GUI program in the Programs/ folder,
the documentation in Documents/ or tests in the Tests/ folder.
NOTE: Please be sure to apply .clang-format from time to time on any code changes
to ensure that they follow the project's code style.
See HowToAddCard.md for more details.
It is recommended to keep your changes grouped logically within individual commits. Many contributors find it easier to review changes that are split across multiple commits. There is no limit to the number of commits in a pull request.
$ git add my/changed/files
$ git commit
Note that multiple commits often get squashed when they are landed.
A good commit message should describe what changed and why. RosettaStone project uses semantic commit messages to streamline the release process.
Before a pull request can be merged, it must have a pull request title with a semantic prefix.
Examples of commit messages with semantic prefixes:
feat: allow provided config object to extend other configsdocs: correct spelling of CHANGELOGfeat(lang): add polish languagefix: correct minor typos in code
Common prefixes:
- fix: A bug fix
- feat: A new feature
- docs: Documentation changes
- test: Adding missing tests or correcting existing tests
- build: Changes that affect the build system
- ci: Changes to our CI configuration files and scripts
- perf: A code change that improves performance
- refactor: A code change that neither fixes a bug nor adds a feature
- style: Changes that do not affect the meaning of the code (linting)
Other things to keep in mind when writing a commit message:
- The first line should:
- contain a short description of the change (preferably 50 characters or less, and no more than 72 characters)
- be entirely in lowercase with the exception of proper nouns, acronyms, and the words that refer to code, like function/variable names
- Keep the second line blank.
- Wrap all other lines at 72 columns.
A commit that has the text BREAKING CHANGE: at the beginning of its optional
body or footer section introduces a breaking API change (correlating with Major
in semantic versioning). A breaking change can be part of commits of any type.
e.g., a fix: & feat: types would all be valid, in addition to any
other type.
See conventionalcommits.org for more details.
Once you have committed your changes, it is a good idea to use git rebase
(not git merge) to synchronize your work with the main repository.
$ git fetch upstream
$ git rebase upstream/master
This ensures that your working branch has the latest changes from utilForever/RosettaStone
master.
Bug fixes and features should always come with tests. A testing guide(How to add card) has been provided to make the process easier. Looking at other tests to see how they should be structured can also help.
Before submitting your changes in a pull request, always run the full test suite. To run the tests:
bin/UnitTests
Make sure the linter does not report any issues and that all tests pass. Please do not submit patches that fail either check.
Once your commits are ready to go -- with passing tests and linting -- begin the process of opening a pull request by pushing your working branch to your fork on GitHub.
$ git push origin my-branch
From within GitHub, opening a new pull request will present you with a template that should be filled out:
<!--
Thank you for your pull request. Please provide a description above and review
the requirements below.
Bug fixes and new features should include tests and possibly benchmarks.
Contributors guide: https://github.com/utilForever/RosettaStone/blob/master/Documents/Contributing.md
-->You will probably get feedback or requests for changes to your pull request. This is a big part of the submission process so don't be discouraged! Some contributors may sign off on the pull request right away. Others may have detailed comments or feedback. This is a necessary part of the process in order to evaluate whether the changes are correct and necessary.
To make changes to an existing pull request, make the changes to your local branch, add a new commit with those changes, and push those to your fork. GitHub will automatically update the pull request.
$ git add my/changed/files
$ git commit
$ git push origin my-branch
There are a number of more advanced mechanisms for managing commits using
git rebase that can be used, but are beyond the scope of this guide.
Feel free to post a comment in the pull request to ping reviewers if you are awaiting an answer on something. If you encounter words or acronyms that seem unfamiliar, refer to this glossary.
All pull requests require approval from collaborators(utilForever, revsic, FuZer) of the area you modified in order to land. Whenever a maintainer reviews a pull request they may request changes. These may be small, such as fixing a typo, or may involve substantive changes. Such requests are intended to be helpful, but at times may come across as abrupt or unhelpful, especially if they do not include concrete suggestions on how to change them.
Try not to be discouraged. If you feel that a review is unfair, say so or seek the input of another project contributor. Often such comments are the result of a reviewer having taken insufficient time to review and are not ill-intended. Such difficulties can often be resolved with a bit of patience. That said, reviewers should be expected to provide helpful feeback.
In order to land, a pull request needs to be reviewed and approved by all RosettaStone collaborators and pass CI. After that, if there are no objections from other contributors, the pull request can be merged.
Congratulations and thanks for your contribution!
Every pull request is tested on the Continuous Integration (CI) system to confirm that it works on RosettaStone's supported platforms.
Ideally, the pull request will pass ("be green") on all of CI's platforms. This means that all tests pass and there are no linting errors. However, it is not uncommon for the CI infrastructure itself to fail on specific platforms or for so-called "flaky" tests to fail ("be red"). Each CI failure must be manually inspected to determine the cause.
CI starts automatically when you open a pull request, everyone can restart a CI run. If you believe CI is giving a false negative, restart the tests.
After CI passes, code coverage is calculated using codecov.
NOTE: Passing this test isn’t essential but it is highly advised.
Code coverage is a measurement used to express which lines of code were executed by a test suite. We use three primary terms to describe each lines executed.
- hit indicates that the source code was executed by the test suite.
- partial indicates that the source code was not fully executed by the test suite; there are remaining branches that were not executed.
- miss indicates that the source code was not executed by the test suite. Coverage is the ratio of hits / (sum of hit + partial + miss). A code base that has 5 lines executed by tests out of 12 total lines will receive a coverage ratio of 41% (rounding down).
Phrased simply, code coverage provides a visual measurement of what source code is being executed by a test suite. This information indicates to the software developer where they should write new tests in the effort to achieve higher coverage.
Testing source code helps to prevent bugs and syntax errors by executing each line with a known variable and cross-checking it with an expected output.
After CI passes, code quality is checked using Codacy and LGTM.
NOTE: Passing this check isn’t essential but it is highly advised.
Software is critical in all aspects of our lives. From entertainment, shopping and dating, to business-critical systems and software where human lives are at stake. And yet preventable bugs are all too frequent.
Code quality is a loose approximation of how long-term useful and long-term maintainable the code is. Code that is thrown away tomorrow: Low quality. Code that is being carried over from product to product, developed further, maybe even open sourced after establishing its value: High quality.