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Multithreading

Running JavaScript on GraalVM supports multithreading. Depending on the usage scenario, threads can be used to execute parallel JavaScript code using multiple Context objects, or multiple Worker threads.

Multithreading with Java and JavaScript

Multithreading is supported when running JavaScript in the context of Java interoperability. The basic model of multi-threaded execution supported by GraalVM is a "share-nothing" model that should be familiar to any JavaScript developer:

  1. An arbitrary number of JavaScript Contexts can be created, but they should be used by one thread at a time.
  2. Concurrent access to JavaScript objects is not allowed: any JavaScript object cannot be accessed by more than one thread at a time.
  3. Concurrent access to Java objects is allowed: any Java object can be accessed by any Java or JavaScript thread, concurrently.

A JavaScript Context cannot be accessed by two or more threads, concurrently, but it is possible to access the same Context from multiple threads using proper syncronization, to ensure that concurrent access never happens.

Examples

The GraalVM JavaScript unit tests contain several examples of multi-threaded Java/JavaScript interactions. The most notable ones describe how:

  1. Multiple Context objects can be executed in multiple threads.
  2. JavaScript values created by one thread can be used from another thread when proper synchronization is used.
  3. A Context can be accessed from multiple threads when proper synchronization is used.
  4. Java concurrency can be used from JavaScript.
  5. Java objects can be accessed by multiple JavaScript threads, concurrently.

Multithreading with Node.js

The basic multithreading model of GraalVM JavaScript applies to Node.js applications as well. In Node.js, a Worker thread can be created to execute JavaScript code in parallel, but JavaScript objects cannot be shared between Workers. On the contrary, a Java object created with GraalVM Java interoperability (e.g., using Java.type()) can be shared between Node.js Workers. This allows multi-threaded Node.js applications to share Java objects.

Examples

The GraalVM Node.js unit tests contain several examples of multi-threaded Node.js applications. The most notable examples show how:

  1. Node.js worker threads can execute Java code.
  2. Java objects can be shared between Node.js worker threads.
  3. JavaScript Promise objects can be used to await on messages from workers, using Java objects to bind promises to worker messages.