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n1 + n2
The sum of the two number n1 and n2. This operator is left associative.
n1 - n2
The difference of the two number n1 and n2. This operator is left associative.
n1 * n2
The product of the two number n1 and n2. This operator is left associative.
n1 / n2
The ratio of the two numbers n1 and n2. This operator is left associative. Dividing by 0 will give you a warning and return n1.
n1 % n2
The modulo of the two numbers n1 and n2. This operator is left associative. Dividing by 0 will give you a warning and return n1.
-n1
This will invert the sign of n1.
n1 ^ n2
The n1 to the power of n2. This operator is right-associative.
Operator precedence is: ^ before */% before +-.
(some_expression)
Expressions can be put in brackets to alter the order of precedence.
H
The twelfth root of two. It is the ratio of the two frequencies of a semitone step on the twelve-tone equal temperament scale. = 1.05946309435929526456
e
The base of the natural logarithm. = 2.71828182845904523536
pi
The ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. = 3.14159265358979323846
tau
Two times pi. This is the period of all oscillators listed below. = 6.28318530717958647693
[A-G][#b]?[0-8]
Keys can be given using their scientific names. They will be converted to their frequency in Hz.
Some examples for -a 440:
A4 /* = 440 */
C#4 /* = 277.183... */
Eb4 /* = 311.127... */
l
The length of the sound in seconds. To set this value use the command line option -l.
t
The current time in seconds [0..l].
abs(n)
n: Some number.
The absolute value of n.
acos(n)
n: Some number.
The arccos of n.
asin(n)
n: Some number.
The arcsin of n.
atan(n)
n: Some number.
The arctan of n.
cbrt(n)
n: Some number.
The cube root of n.
ceil(n)
n: Some number.
n rounded up to the next integer.
cos(n)
n: Some number.
The cosine of n. Can also be used as an oscillator.
Example:
cos(A4*t*tau);
floor(n)
n: Some number.
n rounded down to the next integer.
lb(n)
n: Some number.
The binary logarithm (base 2) of n.
lg(n)
n: Some number.
The logarithm (base 10) of n.
ln(n)
n: some number
The natural logarithm (base e) of n.
max(n_arr...)
n_arr: Some numbers.
The maximum of all given numbers.
min(n_arr...)
n_arr: Some numbers.
The minimum of all given numbers.
round(n)
n: Some number.
n rounded.
sgn(n)
n: Some number.
The signum of n.
sin(n)
n: Some number.
The sine of n. Can also be used as an oscillator.
Example:
sin(A4*t*tau);
sqrt(n)
n: Some number.
The square root of n.
tan(n)
n: Some number.
The tangent of n. Can also be used as an oscillator.
Example:
tan(A4*t*tau);
trunc(n)
n: Some number.
n truncated.
dB(n)
n: The amplitude in dB.
Convert from dB to amplitude [0..1].
Example:
sin(A4*t*tau)*dB(-11);
deg(n)
n: The angle in degrees [0..360].
Convert from degrees to radians [0..tau].
Example:
sin(A4*t*tau+deg(90));
phi(delta)
delta: The phase delta, usually a frequency.
Increments phi by (delta times tau divided by the sample rate), mods it by tau and returns the old value for phi. This function has side-effects.
Example:
sin(phi(A4));
symm(x, n)
x: x
n: The symmetry [-1..1], 0: neutral.
Applies symmetry to an arbitrary signal like sin or tri.
Example:
sin(symm(A4*t*tau,0.75));
sync(x1, x2)
x1: The x value for signal 1.
x2: The x value for signal 2.
Hard-syncs two signals.
Example:
sin(sync(A4*t*tau,A4*H^14*t*tau));
circ(x)
x: f*t*tau
Circle wave signal generator.
y: [-1..1]
Example:
circ(A4*t*tau);
cos(x)
See above.
exptl(x)
x: f*t*tau
Exponential wave signal generator.
y: [-1..1]
Example:
exptl(A4*t*tau);
moog(x)
x: f*t*tau
Moog-like wave signal generator.
y: 0..1/0..-1..0
Example:
moog(A4*t*tau);
noise(x)
x: f*t*tau
White noise generator (periodic).
y: [-1..1]
Example:
noise(A4*t*tau);
parab(x, n)
x: f*t*tau
n: The exponent [1..], 1: triangle wave, 2: not-pure sin wave, 10+: square wave.
Parabola wave signal generator with exponent.
y: [-1..1]
Example:
parab(A4*t*tau,2);
pulse(x, n)
x: f*t*tau
n: The pulse width [-1..1], 0: neutral.
Square wave signal generator with pulse width.
y: n+1,n-1
Example:
pulse(A4*t*tau,0.5)*0.5;
sawf(x)
x: f*t*tau
Falling sawtooth wave signal generator.
y: 0..-1/1..0
Example:
sawf(A4*t*tau);
sawr(x)
x: f*t*tau
Rising sawtooth wave signal generator.
y: 0..1/-1..0
Example:
sawr(A4*t*tau);
sin(x)
See above.
squ(x)
x: f*t*tau
Square wave signal generator.
y: 1,-1
Example:
squ(A4*t*tau);
tan(x)
See above.
tri(x)
x: f*t*tau
Triangle wave signal generator.
y: 0..1..0..-1..0
Example:
tri(A4*t*tau);
adsr(t, t_on, t_off, a, d, s, r)
t: t
t_on: The note on time-stamp in seconds.
t_off: The note off time-stamp in seconds.
a: The attack in seconds.
d: The decay in seconds.
s: The sustain amplitude [0..1].
r: The release in seconds.
Generates an ADSR signal.
y: 0, 0..1, 1..s, s, s..0, 0
Example:
sin(A4*t*tau)*adsr(t,0,0.5*l,0.25,0.25,0.5,0.25);
sfs(t, t_on, t_off, a, d, s, r)
t: t
t_on: The note on time-stamp in seconds.
t_off: The note off time-stamp in seconds.
a: The attack.
d: The decay.
s: The sustain amplitude [0..1].
r: The release.
Generates an ADSR signal using exponential decay and release like in Soundforum Synth.
y: 0, 0..1, 1..s, s..0
Example:
sin(A4*t*tau)*sfs(t,0,0.5*l,0,50,0.25,35);
dahdsr(t, t_on, t_off, dl, a, h, dc, s, r)
t: t
t_on: The note on time-stamp in seconds.
t_off: The note off time-stamp in seconds.
dl: The delay in seconds.
a: The attack in seconds.
h: The hold in seconds.
dc: The decay in seconds.
s: The sustain amplitude [0..1].
r: The release in seconds.
Generates a DAHDSR signal.
y: 0, 0, 0..1, 1, 1..s, s, s..0, 0
Example:
sin(A4*t*tau)*dahdsr(t,0,0.5*l,0.15,0.15,0.15,0.15,0.5,0.15);
fade(t, (t_arr, y_arr)...)
t: t
t_arr: The time of point n in seconds.
y_arr: The amplitude of point n.
Generates a fade signal with two or more points.
Fade in example:
sin(A4*t*tau)*fade(t,0,0,l,1);
Fade out example:
sin(A4*t*tau)*fade(t,0,1,l,0);
Fade in and out example:
sin(A4*t*tau)*fade(t,0,0,0.5*l,1,l,0);
filter2(x_n, b0, b1, b2, a1, a2)
x_n: The original signal x[n].
b0: Coefficient for x[n].
b1: Coefficient for x[n-1].
b2: Coefficient for x[n-2].
a1: Coefficient for y[n-1].
a2: Coefficient for y[n-2].
Filters a signal using a biquad (aka 2-pole) IIR filter with the given parameters. This function has side-effects.
filterlp2(x_n, fc, bw)
x_n: The original signal x[n].
fc: The cutoff frequency in Hz.
bw: The bandwidth.
Filters a signal using a biquad (aka 2-pole) IIR lowpass filter with the given parameters. This function has side-effects.
arp(t, t2, n_arr...)
t: t
t2: The rate in seconds.
n_arr...: Some values.
Arpeggiates between all values given in n_arr.
Example:
sin(arp(t,1,C4,C#4,D4,D#4,E4)*t*tau);