-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Copy pathdraft.tex
235 lines (190 loc) · 8.93 KB
/
draft.tex
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
% \documentclass[sigconf, anonymous]{acmart}
\documentclass[sigconf]{acmart}
\usepackage{booktabs} % For formal tables
\usepackage{graphicx}
% Note: do not use url & hyperref packages.
% They do not pass the IEEE pdfxpress checks
% \usepackage{url}
% \usepackage{hyperref}
% \usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{balance}
\usepackage{amssymb,amsmath}
% \usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames,svgnames,table]{xcolor}
\usepackage{algorithm2e}
\usepackage{algpseudocode}
\usepackage{todonotes} % get rid of this later
\usepackage{subfig}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\newcommand{\compactimg}{\vspace{-14pt}}
\newcommand{\tableref}[1]{Table~\ref{tab:#1}}
\newcommand{\figref}[1]{Figure~\ref{fig:#1}}
\newcommand{\secref}[1]{Section~\ref{sec:#1}}
\newcommand{\algoref}[1]{Algorithm~\ref{algo:#1}}
\newcommand{\bob}[1]{\textcolor{red}{{\bf from Bob: #1}}}
\newenvironment{tightitem}{\begin{itemize}\setlength{\itemsep}{1pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}\setlength{\parsep}{0pt}}{\end{itemize}}
\begin{document}
% Copyright
\setcopyright{none}
%\setcopyright{acmcopyright}
%\setcopyright{acmlicensed}
% \setcopyright{rightsretained}
%\setcopyright{usgov}
%\setcopyright{usgovmixed}
%\setcopyright{cagov}
%\setcopyright{cagovmixed}
% DOI
\acmDOI{None}
% ISBN
\acmISBN{}
%Conference
\acmConference[IPSN]{IPSN}{2018}{Porto}
\acmYear{2018}
\copyrightyear{2018}
\acmPrice{xx.00}
\title{ Charm: Exploiting Geographical Diversity Through \\ Coherent Combining in Low-Power Wide-Area Networks }
%\titlenote{Produces the permission block, and
% copyright information}
% \subtitle{Extended Abstract}
% \subtitlenote{The full version of the author's guide is available as
% \texttt{acmart.pdf} document}
% \author{Paper \# 122}
% \author{
% \IEEEauthorblockN{
% Adwait Dongare,
% Revathy Narayanan,
% Akshay Gadre,
% Anh Luong,
% Artur Balanuta,\\
% Swarun Kumar,
% Anthony Rowe\\}
% \IEEEauthorblockA{
% Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,\\
% Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\\
% }
% }
\author{Adwait Dongare, Revathy Narayanan, Akshay Gadre, Anh Luong, Artur
Balanuta, \\ Bob Iannucci, Swarun Kumar, Anthony Rowe }
\affiliation{%
\institution{Carnegie Mellon University}
\department{Electrical and Computer Engineering}
% \streetaddress{5000 Forbes Ave.}
\city{Pittsburgh}
\state{Pennsylvania}
% \postcode{12345}
}
\email{ [adongare, revathyn, agadre, aluong2, arturb, roberti, swarunk, agr] @andrew.cmu.edu }
% The default list of authors is too long for headers}
\renewcommand{\shortauthors}{Dongare et al.}
\begin{abstract}
% Swarun: Crisp Abstract
Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LP-WANs) are an emerging wireless platform which support battery-powered devices lasting 10-years, while communicating at low data-rates to gateways several miles away. Yet, despite the expected high-density of LP-WAN
gateways in future cities, not all devices will experience the promised 10-year battery life,
particularly in urban spaces. A large number of devices that are deep inside buildings, or in remote neighborhoods would suffer
severe battery-drain due to extended transmissions at the slowest data rate to reach even the closest gateway.
This paper presents Charm, a system that enhances both battery life
and coverage of LP-WAN clients in large urban deployments. Charm\ allows
multiple LoRaWAN gateways to pool their received signals in the cloud,
coherently combining them to detect even the weakest signal that is not
decodable at any individual gateway. Charm\ achieves this through a novel
hardware and software design at the gateway that carefully detects which chunks of
the received signal need to be sent to the cloud, thereby saving uplink bandwidth.
We demonstrate how our solution scales to decoding weak transmissions at
city-scale, by identifying the set of gateways whose signals need to be
coherently combined over time. A pilot implementation and evaluation of Charm
on a network of twelve LoRaWAN gateways serving a large neighborhood of a major
U.S. city demonstrates significant gain of 3$\times$ in range and 4$\times$ in client battery-life.
% Last consensus at registration
% Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LP-WANs) are an emerging wireless platform which
% support battery-powered devices lasting 10-years, while communicating at low
% data-rates to gateways several miles away. Set-top box manufacturers are
% adding support for LP-WANs like LoRaWAN, enabling a rapid proliferation of
% Internet-of-Things devices based on these technologies. Multiple LP-WAN technologies allow users to deploy their own gateways
% operating on unlicensed spectrum. Despite the expected high-density of
% gateways, all devices will not experience the promised 10-year battery life,
% particularly in urban spaces. A large number of devices, such as those in
% basements, deep inside buildings, or in remote neighborhoods would suffer from
% severe battery-drain due to extended transmission times at lo data rates to reach even the closest base
% station. This paper presents Charm, a system that enhances both battery life
% and coverage of LP-WAN clients in large urban deployments. Charm allows
% multiple LoRaWAN gateways to pool their received signals in the cloud,
% coherently combining them to detect even the weakest signal that is not
% decodable at any individual gateway. Charm achieves this through a novel
% hardware and software design at the gateway that carefully selects chunks of
% the received signal to be sent to the cloud, thereby saving uplink bandwidth.
% We demonstrate how our solution scales to decoding weak transmissions at
% city-scale by identifying signals from which subset of gateways need to be
% coherently combined over time. A pilot implementation and evaluation of Charm
% on a network of eight LoRaWAN gateways serving a large neighborhood of a major
% U.S. city demonstrates significant gain in range and client battery-life.
% Old Abstract @ Meeting Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LP-WANs) are an
%emerging wireless platform designed to enable long-range communication at low
%data rates to tens of thousands of battery-operated sensing devices.LoRa
%Wide-Area Networks enable users to deploy their own unplanned low-cost
%gateways with coordination provided by a cloud-based server. We explore the
%use of geographical diversity provided by these unplanned user-deployed
%gateways to extend the coverage, energy consumption and scalability of the
%network. We selectively transfer candidate samples to a cloud-based decoder
%through a custom auxiliary gateway platform that can process raw quadrature
%streams and detect preambles locally. Our software infrastructure that hosts
%the decoder leverages MIMO and wireless diversity techniques to collate
%multiple candidates to decode weak signals XXX dB below the noise floor, in a
%scaleable manner. We demonstrate the advantages of our system through a
%number of micro-benchmarks that show an increase in coverage from XXX to YYY
%km and longer client battery life from ZZZ to AAA years and provide an
%analysis on how these parameters affect network scalability.
\end{abstract}
%
% The code below should be generated by the tool at
% http://dl.acm.org/ccs.cfm
% Please copy and paste the code instead of the example below.
%
%\begin{CCSXML}
%<ccs2012>
% <concept>
% <concept_id>10010520.10010553.10010562</concept_id>
% <concept_desc>Computer systems organization~Embedded systems</concept_desc>
% <concept_significance>500</concept_significance>
% </concept>
% <concept>
% <concept_id>10010520.10010575.10010755</concept_id>
% <concept_desc>Computer systems organization~Redundancy</concept_desc>
% <concept_significance>300</concept_significance>
% </concept>
% <concept>
% <concept_id>10010520.10010553.10010554</concept_id>
% <concept_desc>Computer systems organization~Robotics</concept_desc>
% <concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
% </concept>
% <concept>
% <concept_id>10003033.10003083.10003095</concept_id>
% <concept_desc>Networks~Network reliability</concept_desc>
% <concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
% </concept>
%</ccs2012>
%\end{CCSXML}
%\ccsdesc[500]{Computer systems organization~Embedded systems}
%\ccsdesc[300]{Computer systems organization~Redundancy}
%\ccsdesc{Computer systems organization~Robotics}
%agr removed \ccsdesc[100]{Networks~Network services}
% We no longer use \terms command
%\terms{Theory}
%\keywords{low-power wide area networking, systems, localization, wireless, network management, LoRaWAN}
% adwait: to add page numbers
\settopmatter{printfolios=true}
\maketitle
\input{tex/draft_1-introduction.tex}
\input{tex/draft_2-related.tex}
\input{tex/draft_3-background.tex}
\input{tex/draft_4-arch.tex}
\input{tex/draft_5-gateway.tex}
\input{tex/draft_6-cloud.tex}
\input{tex/draft_7-implementation.tex}
\input{tex/draft_8-evaluation.tex}
\input{tex/draft_9-conclusion.tex}
\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format}
\bibliography{references}
% \input{tex/old-motivation.tex}
% \input{tex/old-localization.tex}
% \input{tex/old-arch.tex}
% \input{tex/old-evaluation.tex}
\end{document}