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<h2 id="isatty"><a href="#isatty" class="headerlink" title="isatty"></a>isatty</h2><p>在终端中，许多程序会将输出进行配色等的美化。但当输出被重定向到文件中时，我们肯定不希望这些控制字符被写入文件。所以一些程序会使用 <code>isatty</code> 判断当前得标准输出是不是连接到了终端上，从而自动使用合理的输出方式。</p>
<p>一个 python 的 demo 如下</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> os</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> sys</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> os.isatty(sys.stdout.fileno()):</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">"tty find"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">"No tty"</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>当标准输出在终端中且没有重定向时，会输出 <code>tty find</code>，否则输出 <code>No tty</code></p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">➜ python tty_test.py </span><br><span class="line">tty find</span><br><span class="line">➜ python tty_test.py | cat</span><br><span class="line">No tty</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p>在使用 virtualbox guest windows 安装 office 时，虚拟机会在安装程序启动时卡死。经过搜索找到了<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?t=96533">这篇讨论</a>，其中指出 windows10 guest 需要打开虚拟机的 PAE/NX 选项。经过尝试打开该选项之后就可以正常安装 office。</p>
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<p>不存在，至少在 C 语言标准中是这样。<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.zhihu.com/question/600255688/answer/3022351083">这里</a>的解释非常清楚。所以如果需要在多个文件中声明同一个变量，稳妥的方法就是只在一个地方定义，其他地方显式使用<code>extern</code> 修饰。</p>
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<h2 id="PoW"><a href="#PoW" class="headerlink" title="PoW"></a>PoW</h2><p>众所周知，比特币网络以及其他使用 PoW 的区块链网络都通过挖矿保证网络的安全性。其原理大致就是通过算力的分散性实现区块产生能力的分散，从而避免网络被少数攻击者操纵。</p>
<p>进一步地，比特币网络使用的是基于双 SHA256 的碰撞的 PoW，矿工需要得到一个拥有小于网络要求的双 SHA256 值的区块，这样的区块可以被网络接受，矿工也会获得对应的奖励。由于（目前）没有高效的双 SHA256 的碰撞算法，唯一的方法就是暴力尝试。因此，比特币挖矿就是在算大量区块的双 SHA256 值，直到找到满足网络要求的区块。</p>
<h2 id="nonce-字段"><a href="#nonce-字段" class="headerlink" title="nonce 字段"></a>nonce 字段</h2><p><del>到这里，我们已经解决了题目中的问题，本文也就完结了。</del>接下来的问题是：这些允许矿工枚举的区块是怎么产生的。容易想象，作为包含了交易信息的区块，其中的大部分内容应该是固定的，那么一个比较合理的方法是设计一个独立的字段用于挖矿。比特币的区块结构中也确实设计了一个 4 字节的 nonce 字段用于矿工挖矿。</p>
<h2 id="不只是-nonce-字段"><a href="#不只是-nonce-字段" class="headerlink" title="不只是 nonce 字段"></a>不只是 nonce 字段</h2><p><del>到这里，我们又解决了前面提出的问题，本文再一次完结了。</del>用脚趾头数一下就可以发现，4 字节的 nonce 在现在根本不够产生足够挖矿的区块。现在一台比特币矿机的算力可能都有数十乃至数百 T，一秒钟就能把整个 nonce 字段枚举很多遍了。因此，仅仅使用 nonce 进行挖矿是完全不够的。因此，矿工还需要在其他的位置进行枚举。</p>
<p>在这种情况下，矿工将目光转向了 coinbase 交易，coinbase 交易是矿工构造的为自己提供挖矿奖励的交易。相比于其他交易，coinbase 交易既没有资金输入，也不需要签名。因此，coinbase 交易被规定在签名位置可以放指定前缀的任意值（<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://learnmeabitcoin.com/technical/coinbase-transaction#footnote-bip34">bip34</a>要求），而交易信息会通过一个称为 Merkle Tree 的结构打包到区块中，从而修改 coinbase 交易可以改变区块的哈希值，矿工可以修改这里的值来得到足够的可枚举范围。（同时这里往往也会放一些矿场信息之类的私货）</p>
<h2 id="参考来源"><a href="#参考来源" class="headerlink" title="参考来源"></a>参考来源</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://learn.saylor.org/mod/book/view.php?id=36375&chapterid=19428">https://learn.saylor.org/mod/book/view.php?id=36375&chapterid=19428</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://learnmeabitcoin.com/technical/coinbase-transaction#footnote-messages">https://learnmeabitcoin.com/technical/coinbase-transaction#footnote-messages</a></p>
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<p>（上一次配 vim 还是上大学之前，转眼就快本科毕业了。）</p>
<p>这次主要是把一部分 <code>.vimrc</code> 中的配置迁移到 neovim 的 lua 风格配置上，同时把一部分插件迁移到 neovim 的生态中。</p>
<h2 id="基本配置"><a href="#基本配置" class="headerlink" title="基本配置"></a>基本配置</h2><p>配置主要存放在 <code>~/.config/nvim</code>，目录结构大致为</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">├── init.lua</span><br><span class="line">└── lua</span><br><span class="line"> ├── core</span><br><span class="line"> └── plugins</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其中 <code>core</code> 中存放全局配置，<code>plugins</code> 中存放插件相关配置，<code>init.lua</code> 中引用各个配置，因此后面每个文件配置时都需要在 <code>init.lua</code> 中 <code>require</code>。</p>
<p>为了配置迁移的平滑性，先在 <code>init.lua</code> 中加入下面的代码，使其读取原本的 <code>.vimrc</code> 文件</p>
<figure class="highlight lua"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vim.cmd <span class="string">[[</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">set runtimepath^=~/.vim</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">let &packpath = &runtimepath</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">source ~/.vimrc</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">]]</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在 <code>core</code> 文件夹中，创建 <code>options.lua</code> 用于配置 neovim 的选项，我的配置如下</p>
<figure class="highlight lua"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 基础配置</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">local</span> opt = vim.opt</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 不创建交换文件</span></span><br><span class="line">opt.swapfile = <span class="literal">false</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 搜索</span></span><br><span class="line">opt.ignorecase = <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line">opt.smartcase = <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 真彩色</span></span><br><span class="line">opt.termguicolors = <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 缩进</span></span><br><span class="line">opt.tabstop = <span class="number">4</span></span><br><span class="line">opt.shiftwidth = <span class="number">4</span></span><br><span class="line">opt.expandtab = <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line">opt.autoindent = <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 使用鼠标</span></span><br><span class="line">opt.mouse:append(<span class="string">"a"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 使 gg 等命令把光标移动到行首的第一个非空白字符</span></span><br><span class="line">opt.startofline = <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 关闭自动换行</span></span><br><span class="line">opt.<span class="built_in">wrap</span> = <span class="literal">false</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 突出当前行</span></span><br><span class="line">opt.cursorline = <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 使用系统剪切板</span></span><br><span class="line">opt.clipboard:append(<span class="string">"unnamedplus"</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在 <code>core</code> 文件夹中，创建 <code>keymaps.lua</code> 用于配置键位映射，我的配置如下</p>
<figure class="highlight lua"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 按键映射</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">local</span> keymap = vim.keymap</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">keymap.set(<span class="string">"i"</span>, <span class="string">"jk"</span>, <span class="string">"<ESC>"</span>, {noremap = <span class="literal">true</span>, silent = <span class="literal">true</span>})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 一键编译运行 (SingleCompile)</span></span><br><span class="line">keymap.set(<span class="string">"n"</span>, <span class="string">"<F9>"</span>, <span class="string">":SCCompile <cr>"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">keymap.set(<span class="string">"n"</span>, <span class="string">"<F10>"</span>, <span class="string">":SCCompileRun <cr>"</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>上面这些基本是从 <code>.vimrc</code> 中直接翻译过来</p>
<h2 id="packer"><a href="#packer" class="headerlink" title="packer"></a>packer</h2><p>我原本使用 <code>plugged</code> 进行插件管理，这次将新的插件使用 <code>packer</code> 配置，之后会把 <code>plugged</code> 中的插件逐步替换和迁移过来。</p>
<p>在 <code>plugins</code> 文件夹中创建 <code>packer-setup.lua</code> 用于 <code>packer</code> 的自动安装。我这里使用的安装目录是 <code>~/.local/share/nvim/site/pack/packer</code>，后面通过 <code>packer</code> 安装的插件也会存放在这个目录。</p>
<figure class="highlight lua"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">local</span> packer_setup = {}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 检查和安装 packer</span></span><br><span class="line">packer_setup.ensure_packer = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">local</span> fn = vim.fn</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">local</span> install_path = fn.stdpath(<span class="string">'data'</span>)..<span class="string">'/site/pack/packer/start/packer.nvim'</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> fn.empty(fn.glob(install_path)) > <span class="number">0</span> <span class="keyword">then</span></span><br><span class="line"> fn.system({<span class="string">'git'</span>, <span class="string">'clone'</span>, <span class="string">'--depth'</span>, <span class="string">'1'</span>, <span class="string">'https://github.com/wbthomason/packer.nvim'</span>, install_path})</span><br><span class="line"> vim.cmd <span class="string">[[packadd packer.nvim]]</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">end</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">end</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">return</span> packer_setup</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在 <code>plugins</code> 文件夹中创建 <code>packer.lua</code> 用于 <code>packer</code> 的插件管理。安装插件只需要在这里添加 <code>use</code> 语句。</p>
<figure class="highlight lua"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 保存本文件时自动更新插件</span></span><br><span class="line">vim.cmd(<span class="string">[[</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> augroup packer_user_config</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> autocmd!</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> autocmd BufWritePost packer.lua source <afile> | PackerSync</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> augroup end</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">]]</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">local</span> packer_bootstrap = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">"plugins.packer-setup"</span>).ensure_packer()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'packer'</span>).startup(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span><span class="params">(use)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"> use <span class="string">'wbthomason/packer.nvim'</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- My plugins here</span></span><br><span class="line"> use <span class="string">'neovim/nvim-lspconfig'</span> <span class="comment">-- Configurations for Nvim LSP</span></span><br><span class="line"> use <span class="string">'hrsh7th/nvim-cmp'</span> <span class="comment">-- Autocompletion plugin</span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> use <span class="string">'hrsh7th/cmp-nvim-lsp'</span> <span class="comment">-- LSP source for nvim-cmp</span></span><br><span class="line"> use <span class="string">'hrsh7th/cmp-nvim-lsp-signature-help'</span> <span class="comment">-- nvim-cmp source for displaying function signatures</span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> use <span class="string">'hrsh7th/cmp-path'</span> <span class="comment">-- path source for nvim-cmp</span></span><br><span class="line"> use <span class="string">'hrsh7th/cmp-buffer'</span> <span class="comment">-- buffer source for nvim-cmp</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- LuaSnip, not used now</span></span><br><span class="line"> use({<span class="string">"L3MON4D3/LuaSnip"</span>, run = <span class="string">"make install_jsregexp"</span>})</span><br><span class="line"> use <span class="string">'saadparwaiz1/cmp_luasnip'</span> <span class="comment">-- LuaSnip source for nvim-cmp</span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> use <span class="string">'sirver/ultisnips'</span></span><br><span class="line"> use <span class="string">'honza/vim-snippets'</span> <span class="comment">-- snippets collection for ultisnips</span></span><br><span class="line"> use <span class="string">'quangnguyen30192/cmp-nvim-ultisnips'</span> <span class="comment">-- ultisnips source for nvim-cmp</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> use {<span class="string">'iamcco/markdown-preview.nvim'</span>, run = <span class="string">'cd app && yarn install'</span>, cmd = <span class="string">'MarkdownPreview'</span>}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- File Explorer</span></span><br><span class="line"> use {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'nvim-tree/nvim-tree.lua'</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> requires = {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'nvim-tree/nvim-web-devicons'</span>, <span class="comment">-- for file icons</span></span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- treesitter and its module</span></span><br><span class="line"> use {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'nvim-treesitter/nvim-treesitter'</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> run = <span class="string">':TSUpdate'</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> use <span class="string">'p00f/nvim-ts-rainbow'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- statusline</span></span><br><span class="line"> use {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'nvim-lualine/lualine.nvim'</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> requires = { <span class="string">'kyazdani42/nvim-web-devicons'</span>, opt = <span class="literal">true</span> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- colorsheme</span></span><br><span class="line"> use <span class="string">'rebelot/kanagawa.nvim'</span></span><br><span class="line"> use { <span class="string">'embark-theme/vim'</span>, as = <span class="string">'embark'</span> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- Automatically set up your configuration after cloning packer.nvim</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- Put this at the end after all plugins</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> packer_bootstrap <span class="keyword">then</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'packer'</span>).sync()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">end</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">end</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="LSP-和补全"><a href="#LSP-和补全" class="headerlink" title="LSP 和补全"></a>LSP 和补全</h2><p>neovim 的主要特性之一就是添加了对 Language Server Protocol 的原生支持，我也把原本基于 YouCompleteMe 的补全迁移到 Nvim LSP client 上。用到的插件主要有 <code>nvim-lspconfig</code>、<code>nvim-cmp</code>、<code>cmp-nvim-lsp</code>，还有一些其他的插件提供辅助功能，具体可以看上面的插件列表。我尝试了 <code>LuaSnip</code>，但是感觉不如一直使用的 <code>ultisnips</code> 顺手，所以目前继续使用 <code>ultisnips</code>。LSP 协议支持自定义 style 的 formatting，但 clangd 对这个特性的支持并不好（来源: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://clangd.llvm.org/features#formatting%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%A0%E6%AD%A4%E6%88%91%E4%BF%9D%E7%95%99%E4%BA%86%E5%8E%9F%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84">https://clangd.llvm.org/features#formatting），因此我保留了原本使用的</a> vim-autoformat 插件用于 formatting。</p>
<p>主要的配置文件就是配置 LSP 的 <code>lspconfig.lua</code> 和配置补全的 <code>nvim-cmp.lua</code>，其中 LSP 的键位基本是默认的，补全则根据以前使用的键位做了一些配置</p>
<p><code>lspconfig.lua</code></p>
<figure class="highlight lua"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- Mappings.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- See `:help vim.diagnostic.*` for documentation on any of the below functions</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">local</span> opts = { noremap=<span class="literal">true</span>, silent=<span class="literal">true</span> }</span><br><span class="line">vim.keymap.set(<span class="string">'n'</span>, <span class="string">'<space>e'</span>, vim.diagnostic.open_float, opts)</span><br><span class="line">vim.keymap.set(<span class="string">'n'</span>, <span class="string">'[d'</span>, vim.diagnostic.goto_prev, opts)</span><br><span class="line">vim.keymap.set(<span class="string">'n'</span>, <span class="string">']d'</span>, vim.diagnostic.goto_next, opts)</span><br><span class="line">vim.keymap.set(<span class="string">'n'</span>, <span class="string">'<space>q'</span>, vim.diagnostic.setloclist, opts)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- Use an on_attach function to only map the following keys</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- after the language server attaches to the current buffer</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">local</span> on_attach = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span><span class="params">(client, bufnr)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- Enable completion triggered by <c-x><c-o></span></span><br><span class="line"> vim.api.nvim_buf_set_option(bufnr, <span class="string">'omnifunc'</span>, <span class="string">'v:lua.vim.lsp.omnifunc'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- Mappings.</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- See `:help vim.lsp.*` for documentation on any of the below functions</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">local</span> bufopts = { noremap=<span class="literal">true</span>, silent=<span class="literal">true</span>, buffer=bufnr }</span><br><span class="line"> vim.keymap.set(<span class="string">'n'</span>, <span class="string">'gD'</span>, vim.lsp.buf.declaration, bufopts)</span><br><span class="line"> vim.keymap.set(<span class="string">'n'</span>, <span class="string">'gd'</span>, vim.lsp.buf.definition, bufopts)</span><br><span class="line"> vim.keymap.set(<span class="string">'n'</span>, <span class="string">'K'</span>, vim.lsp.buf.hover, bufopts)</span><br><span class="line"> vim.keymap.set(<span class="string">'n'</span>, <span class="string">'gi'</span>, vim.lsp.buf.implementation, bufopts)</span><br><span class="line"> vim.keymap.set(<span class="string">'n'</span>, <span class="string">'<C-k>'</span>, vim.lsp.buf.signature_help, bufopts)</span><br><span class="line"> vim.keymap.set(<span class="string">'n'</span>, <span class="string">'<space>wa'</span>, vim.lsp.buf.add_workspace_folder, bufopts)</span><br><span class="line"> vim.keymap.set(<span class="string">'n'</span>, <span class="string">'<space>wr'</span>, vim.lsp.buf.remove_workspace_folder, bufopts)</span><br><span class="line"> vim.keymap.set(<span class="string">'n'</span>, <span class="string">'<space>wl'</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(vim.inspect(vim.lsp.buf.list_workspace_folders()))</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">end</span>, bufopts)</span><br><span class="line"> vim.keymap.set(<span class="string">'n'</span>, <span class="string">'<space>D'</span>, vim.lsp.buf.type_definition, bufopts)</span><br><span class="line"> vim.keymap.set(<span class="string">'n'</span>, <span class="string">'<space>rn'</span>, vim.lsp.buf.<span class="built_in">rename</span>, bufopts)</span><br><span class="line"> vim.keymap.set(<span class="string">'n'</span>, <span class="string">'<space>ca'</span>, vim.lsp.buf.code_action, bufopts)</span><br><span class="line"> vim.keymap.set(<span class="string">'n'</span>, <span class="string">'gr'</span>, vim.lsp.buf.references, bufopts)</span><br><span class="line"> vim.keymap.set(<span class="string">'n'</span>, <span class="string">'<space>f'</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span><span class="params">()</span></span> vim.lsp.buf.<span class="built_in">format</span> { async = <span class="literal">true</span> } <span class="keyword">end</span>, bufopts)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">end</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">local</span> lsp_flags = {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- This is the default in Nvim 0.7+</span></span><br><span class="line"> debounce_text_changes = <span class="number">150</span>,</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- Add additional capabilities supported by nvim-cmp</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">local</span> capabilities = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">"cmp_nvim_lsp"</span>).default_capabilities()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">local</span> lspconfig = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'lspconfig'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- Enable some language servers with the additional completion capabilities offered by nvim-cmp</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">local</span> servers = { <span class="string">'clangd'</span>, <span class="string">'rust_analyzer'</span>, <span class="string">'pyright'</span>, <span class="string">'tsserver'</span> }</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> _, lsp <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">ipairs</span>(servers) <span class="keyword">do</span></span><br><span class="line"> lspconfig[lsp].setup {</span><br><span class="line"> on_attach = on_attach,</span><br><span class="line"> flags = lsp_flags,</span><br><span class="line"> capabilities = capabilities,</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">end</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>nvim-cmp.lua</code></p>
<figure class="highlight lua"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- ultisnips setup</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">local</span> cmp_ultisnips_mappings = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">"cmp_nvim_ultisnips.mappings"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- nvim-cmp setup</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">local</span> cmp = <span class="built_in">require</span> <span class="string">'cmp'</span></span><br><span class="line">cmp.setup {</span><br><span class="line"> snippet = {</span><br><span class="line"> expand = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span><span class="params">(args)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- luasnip.lsp_expand(args.body)</span></span><br><span class="line"> vim.fn[<span class="string">"UltiSnips#Anon"</span>](args.body)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">end</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> mapping = cmp.mapping.preset.<span class="built_in">insert</span>({</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- 上一个</span></span><br><span class="line"> [<span class="string">'<C-k>'</span>] = cmp.mapping(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span><span class="params">(fallback)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> cmp.visible() <span class="keyword">then</span></span><br><span class="line"> cmp.select_prev_item()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line"> cmp_ultisnips_mappings.jump_backwards(fallback)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">end</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">end</span>, { <span class="string">'i'</span>, <span class="string">'s'</span> }),</span><br><span class="line"> [<span class="string">'<Up>'</span>] = cmp.mapping.select_prev_item(),</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- 下一个</span></span><br><span class="line"> [<span class="string">'<C-j>'</span>] = cmp.mapping.select_next_item(),</span><br><span class="line"> [<span class="string">'<Down>'</span>] = cmp.mapping.select_next_item(),</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> [<span class="string">'<C-u>'</span>] = cmp.mapping.scroll_docs(<span class="number">-4</span>), <span class="comment">-- Up</span></span><br><span class="line"> [<span class="string">'<C-d>'</span>] = cmp.mapping.scroll_docs(<span class="number">4</span>), <span class="comment">-- Down</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> [<span class="string">'<C-z>'</span>] = cmp.mapping.complete(), <span class="comment">-- 打开补全列表</span></span><br><span class="line"> [<span class="string">'<CR>'</span>] = cmp.mapping.confirm {</span><br><span class="line"> behavior = cmp.ConfirmBehavior.Replace,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">select</span> = <span class="literal">false</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> [<span class="string">'<C-a>'</span>] = cmp.mapping(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span><span class="params">(fallback)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"> cmp_ultisnips_mappings.expand_or_jump_forwards(fallback)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">end</span>, { <span class="string">'i'</span>, <span class="string">'s'</span> }),</span><br><span class="line"> [<span class="string">'<Tab>'</span>] = cmp.mapping(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span><span class="params">(fallback)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> cmp.visible() <span class="keyword">then</span></span><br><span class="line"> cmp.select_next_item()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line"> cmp_ultisnips_mappings.expand_or_jump_forwards(fallback)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">end</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">end</span>, { <span class="string">'i'</span>, <span class="string">'s'</span> }),</span><br><span class="line"> [<span class="string">'<S-Tab>'</span>] = cmp.mapping(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span><span class="params">(fallback)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> cmp.visible() <span class="keyword">then</span></span><br><span class="line"> cmp.select_prev_item()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line"> cmp_ultisnips_mappings.jump_backwards(fallback)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">end</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">end</span>, { <span class="string">'i'</span>, <span class="string">'s'</span> }),</span><br><span class="line"> }),</span><br><span class="line"> sources = {</span><br><span class="line"> { name = <span class="string">'nvim_lsp'</span> },</span><br><span class="line"> { name = <span class="string">'nvim_lsp_signature_help'</span> },</span><br><span class="line"> { name = <span class="string">'ultisnips'</span> }, </span><br><span class="line"> { name = <span class="string">'path'</span> },</span><br><span class="line"> { name = <span class="string">'buffer'</span> },</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="nvim-tree"><a href="#nvim-tree" class="headerlink" title="nvim-tree"></a>nvim-tree</h2><p>添加了在打开目录时调用 <code>nvim-tree</code> 的 autocmd</p>
<figure class="highlight lua"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- disable netrw</span></span><br><span class="line">vim.g.loaded_netrw = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line">vim.g.loaded_netrwPlugin = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">"nvim-tree"</span>).setup({</span><br><span class="line"> sort_by = <span class="string">"case_sensitive"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> view = {</span><br><span class="line"> width = <span class="number">30</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> mappings = {</span><br><span class="line"> list = {</span><br><span class="line"> { key = <span class="string">"u"</span>, action = <span class="string">"dir_up"</span> },</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> renderer = {</span><br><span class="line"> group_empty = <span class="literal">true</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> filters = {</span><br><span class="line"> dotfiles = <span class="literal">true</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- open tree when open or change to directory</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">local</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">open_nvim_tree</span><span class="params">(data)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- buffer is a directory</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">local</span> directory = vim.fn.isdirectory(data.file) == <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="keyword">not</span> directory <span class="keyword">then</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">end</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- change to the directory</span></span><br><span class="line"> vim.cmd.cd(data.file)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- open the tree</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">"nvim-tree.api"</span>).tree.<span class="built_in">open</span>()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">end</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd({ <span class="string">"VimEnter"</span> }, { callback = open_nvim_tree })</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="nvim-treesitter"><a href="#nvim-treesitter" class="headerlink" title="nvim-treesitter"></a>nvim-treesitter</h2><p>配置了高亮、折叠和彩虹括号（需要 <code>p00f/nvim-ts-rainbow</code>）</p>
<figure class="highlight lua"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">require</span><span class="string">'nvim-treesitter.configs'</span>.setup {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- A list of parser names, or "all" (the four listed parsers should always be installed)</span></span><br><span class="line"> ensure_installed = { <span class="string">"c"</span>, <span class="string">"lua"</span>, <span class="string">"vim"</span>, <span class="string">"help"</span>, <span class="string">"cpp"</span>, <span class="string">"python"</span> },</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- Install parsers synchronously (only applied to `ensure_installed`)</span></span><br><span class="line"> sync_install = <span class="literal">false</span>,</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- Automatically install missing parsers when entering buffer</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- Recommendation: set to false if you don't have `tree-sitter` CLI installed locally</span></span><br><span class="line"> auto_install = <span class="literal">true</span>,</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> highlight = {</span><br><span class="line"> enable = <span class="literal">true</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- <span class="doctag">NOTE:</span> these are the names of the parsers and not the filetype. (for example if you want to</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- disable highlighting for the `tex` filetype, you need to include `latex` in this list as this is</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- the name of the parser)</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- list of language that will be disabled</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- disable = { "c", "rust" },</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- Or use a function for more flexibility, e.g. to disable slow treesitter highlight for large files</span></span><br><span class="line"> disable = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span><span class="params">(lang, buf)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">local</span> max_filesize = <span class="number">100</span> * <span class="number">1024</span> <span class="comment">-- 100 KB</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">local</span> ok, stats = <span class="built_in">pcall</span>(vim.loop.fs_stat, vim.api.nvim_buf_get_name(buf))</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> ok <span class="keyword">and</span> stats <span class="keyword">and</span> stats.size > max_filesize <span class="keyword">then</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">end</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">end</span>,</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- Setting this to true will run `:h syntax` and tree-sitter at the same time.</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- Set this to `true` if you depend on 'syntax' being enabled (like for indentation).</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- Using this option may slow down your editor, and you may see some duplicate highlights.</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- Instead of true it can also be a list of languages</span></span><br><span class="line"> additional_vim_regex_highlighting = <span class="literal">false</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> rainbow = {</span><br><span class="line"> enable = <span class="literal">true</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- disable = { "jsx", "cpp" }, list of languages you want to disable the plugin for</span></span><br><span class="line"> extended_mode = <span class="literal">true</span>, <span class="comment">-- Also highlight non-bracket delimiters like html tags, boolean or table: lang -> boolean</span></span><br><span class="line"> max_file_lines = <span class="literal">nil</span>, <span class="comment">-- Do not enable for files with more than n lines, int</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- colors = {}, -- table of hex strings</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">-- termcolors = {} -- table of colour name strings</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- vim.api.nvim_set_hl(0, "@punctuation.bracket", { link = "" })</span></span><br><span class="line">vim.cmd<span class="string">[[</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">set foldmethod=expr</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">set foldexpr=nvim_treesitter#foldexpr()</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">set nofoldenable</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">]]</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="其他"><a href="#其他" class="headerlink" title="其他"></a>其他</h2><p>使用了状态栏 <code>nvim-lualine/lualine.nvim</code> 和配色 <code>rebelot/kanagawa.nvim</code>，我使用了一个 <code>appearance.lua</code> 文件管理这两个插件的配置</p>
<figure class="highlight lua"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 配色</span></span><br><span class="line">vim.cmd(<span class="string">'colorscheme kanagawa'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 状态栏</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'lualine'</span>).setup()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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