当在 shell 里执行 type time
会提示 time is a shell keyword
。通常我们使用的 time
只是 shell 内置的关键字,跟 function 一样。
然而还存在 /usr/bin/time
这个文件,能够显示比 time
更详细的信息。需要使用绝对路径来调用这个命令。
使用方式是 /usr/bin/time -lp echo 1
。
> /usr/bin/time -lp echo 123 > /dev/null
real 0.00
user 0.00
sys 0.00
1458176 maximum resident set size
0 average shared memory size
0 average unshared data size
0 average unshared stack size
168 page reclaims
0 page faults
0 swaps
0 block input operations
0 block output operations
0 messages sent
0 messages received
0 signals received
1 voluntary context switches
6 involuntary context switches
3367158 instructions retired
1603063 cycles elapsed
983744 peak memory footprint
MacOS 可以通过 brew install gnu-time
来装 gtime
命令。
使用方式是 /usr/bin/time -v echo 1
。
> /usr/bin/time -v echo 123 > /dev/null
Command being timed: "echo 123"
User time (seconds): 0.00
System time (seconds): 0.00
Percent of CPU this job got: 50%
Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:00.00
Average shared text size (kbytes): 0
Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0
Average stack size (kbytes): 0
Average total size (kbytes): 0
Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 1424
Average resident set size (kbytes): 0
Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 2
Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 166
Voluntary context switches: 1
Involuntary context switches: 3
Swaps: 0
File system inputs: 0
File system outputs: 0
Socket messages sent: 0
Socket messages received: 0
Signals delivered: 0
Page size (bytes): 16384
Exit status: 0