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head.S
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head.S
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/*
* linux/boot/head.S
* Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
*/
/*
* head.S contains the 32-bit startup code.
*
* 1-Jan-96 Modified by Chris Brady for use as a boot/loader for MemTest-86.
* Setup the memory management for flat non-paged linear addressing.
* 17 May 2004 : Added X86_PWRCAP for AMD64 (Memtest86+ - Samuel D.)
*/
.text
#define __ASSEMBLY__
#define ASM_FILE
#include "defs.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "test.h"
#include "multiboot.h"
.code32
.globl startup_32
startup_32:
cld
cli
/* Store MBI pointer */
xorl %ecx, %ecx
cmpl $MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC, %eax
jne 0f
movl %ebx, %ecx
0:
/* Ensure I have a boot_stack pointer */
testl %esp, %esp
jnz 0f
movl $(LOW_TEST_ADR + _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_), %esp
leal boot_stack_top@GOTOFF(%esp), %esp
0:
/* Load the GOT pointer */
call 0f
0: popl %ebx
addl $_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+[.-0b], %ebx
/* Move MBI pointer to a safe place */
testl %ecx, %ecx
je 0f
movl %ecx, mbiptr@GOTOFF(%ebx)
0:
jmp 0f
/* Multiboot header */
.align 4
.long MULTIBOOT_HEADER_MAGIC
.long 0
.long -MULTIBOOT_HEADER_MAGIC
0:
/* Pick the appropriate stack address */
leal boot_stack_top@GOTOFF(%ebx), %esp
/* Reload all of the segment registers */
leal gdt@GOTOFF(%ebx), %eax
movl %eax, 2 + gdt_descr@GOTOFF(%ebx)
lgdt gdt_descr@GOTOFF(%ebx)
leal flush@GOTOFF(%ebx), %eax
pushl $KERNEL_CS
pushl %eax
lret
flush: movl $KERNEL_DS, %eax
movw %ax, %ds
movw %ax, %es
movw %ax, %fs
movw %ax, %gs
movw %ax, %ss
/*
* Zero BSS
*/
cmpl $1, zerobss@GOTOFF(%ebx)
jnz zerobss_done
xorl %eax, %eax
leal _bss@GOTOFF(%ebx), %edi
leal _end@GOTOFF(%ebx), %ecx
subl %edi, %ecx
1: movl %eax, (%edi)
addl $4, %edi
subl $4, %ecx
jnz 1b
movl $0, zerobss@GOTOFF(%ebx)
zerobss_done:
/*
* Setup an exception handler
*/
leal idt@GOTOFF(%ebx), %edi
leal vec0@GOTOFF(%ebx), %edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx, %ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00, %dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax, (%edi)
movl %edx, 4(%edi)
addl $8, %edi
leal vec1@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec2@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec3@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec4@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec5@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec6@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec7@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec8@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec9@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec10@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec11@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec12@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec13@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec14@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec15@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec16@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec17@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec18@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
leal vec19@GOTOFF(%ebx),%edx
movl $(KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
movl %eax,(%edi)
movl %edx,4(%edi)
addl $8,%edi
/* Now that it is initialized load the interrupt descriptor table */
leal idt@GOTOFF(%ebx), %eax
movl %eax, 2 + idt_descr@GOTOFF(%ebx)
lidt idt_descr@GOTOFF(%ebx)
leal _dl_start@GOTOFF(%ebx), %eax
call *%eax
/* Never forget to initialize the FPU ... Never ! */
finit
call test_start
/* In case we return simulate an exception */
pushfl
pushl %cs
call 0f
0: pushl $0 /* error code */
pushl $257 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec0:
pushl $0 /* error code */
pushl $0 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec1:
pushl $0 /* error code */
pushl $1 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec2:
pushl $0 /* error code */
pushl $2 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec3:
pushl $0 /* error code */
pushl $3 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec4:
pushl $0 /* error code */
pushl $4 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec5:
pushl $0 /* error code */
pushl $5 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec6:
pushl $0 /* error code */
pushl $6 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec7:
pushl $0 /* error code */
pushl $7 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec8:
/* error code */
pushl $8 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec9:
pushl $0 /* error code */
pushl $9 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec10:
/* error code */
pushl $10 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec11:
/* error code */
pushl $11 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec12:
/* error code */
pushl $12 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec13:
/* error code */
pushl $13 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec14:
/* error code */
pushl $14 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec15:
pushl $0 /* error code */
pushl $15 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec16:
pushl $0 /* error code */
pushl $16 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec17:
/* error code */
pushl $17 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec18:
pushl $0 /* error code */
pushl $18 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
vec19:
pushl $0 /* error code */
pushl $19 /* vector */
jmp int_hand
int_hand:
pushl %eax
pushl %ebx
pushl %ecx
pushl %edx
pushl %edi
pushl %esi
pushl %ebp
/* original boot_stack pointer */
leal 48(%esp), %eax
pushl %eax
pushl %ds
pushl %ss
pushl %esp /* pointer to trap regs struct on the boot_stack */
call inter
addl $8, %esp
popl %ebp
popl %esi
popl %edi
popl %edx
popl %ecx
popl %ebx
popl %eax
iret
/*
* The interrupt descriptor table has room for 32 idt's
*/
.align 4
.word 0
idt_descr:
.word 20*8-1 # idt contains 32 entries
.long 0
idt:
.fill 20,8,0 # idt is uninitialized
gdt_descr:
.word gdt_end - gdt - 1
.long 0
.align 4
.globl gdt, gdt_end
gdt:
.quad 0x0000000000000000 /* NULL descriptor */
.quad 0x0000000000000000 /* not used */
.quad 0x00cf9b000000ffff /* 0x10 main 4gb code at 0x000000 */
.quad 0x00cf93000000ffff /* 0x18 main 4gb data at 0x000000 */
.word 0xFFFF # 16bit 64KB - (0x10000*1 = 64KB)
.word 0 # base address = SETUPSEG
.byte 0x00, 0x9b # code read/exec/accessed
.byte 0x00, 0x00 # granularity = bytes
.word 0xFFFF # 16bit 64KB - (0x10000*1 = 64KB)
.word 0 # base address = SETUPSEG
.byte 0x00, 0x93 # data read/write/accessed
.byte 0x00, 0x00 # granularity = bytes
gdt_end:
.data
.macro ptes64 start, count=64
.quad \start + 0x0000000 + 0xE3
.quad \start + 0x0200000 + 0xE3
.quad \start + 0x0400000 + 0xE3
.quad \start + 0x0600000 + 0xE3
.quad \start + 0x0800000 + 0xE3
.quad \start + 0x0A00000 + 0xE3
.quad \start + 0x0C00000 + 0xE3
.quad \start + 0x0E00000 + 0xE3
.if \count-1
ptes64 "(\start+0x01000000)",\count-1
.endif
.endm
.macro maxdepth depth=1
.if \depth-1
maxdepth \depth-1
.endif
.endm
maxdepth
# Page Directory Tables:
# There are 4 tables, the first two map the first 2 GB of memory. The last two are used with # PAE to map
# the rest of memory in 2 GB segments. The last two tables are changed in vmem.c to map each segment.
# We use 2 MB pages so only the Page Directory Table is used (no page tables).
.balign 4096
.globl pd0
pd0:
ptes64 0x0000000000000000
.balign 4096
.globl pd1
pd1:
ptes64 0x0000000040000000
.balign 4096
.globl pd2
pd2:
ptes64 0x0000000080000000
.balign 4096
.globl pd3
pd3:
ptes64 0x00000000C0000000
# Legacy Mode Page Directory Pointer Table:
# 4 Entries, pointing to the Page Directory Tables
.balign 4096
.globl pdp
pdp:
.long pd0 + 1
.long 0
.long pd1 + 1
.long 0
.long pd2 + 1
.long 0
.long pd3 + 1
.long 0
# Long Mode Page Directory Pointer Table:
# 4 Entries, pointing to the Page Directory Tables
.balign 4096
lpdp:
.long pd0 + 3
.long 0
.long pd1 + 3
.long 0
.long pd2 + 3
.long 0
.long pd3 + 3
.long 0
# The long mode level 4 page map table
.balign 4096
.globl pml4
pml4:
.long lpdp + 3
.long 0
.previous
#define RSTART startup_32
.globl query_pcbios
query_pcbios:
/* Save the caller save registers */
pushl %ebx
pushl %esi
pushl %edi
pushl %ebp
call 1f
1: popl %ebx
addl $_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+[.-1b], %ebx
/* Compute the reloc address */
leal RSTART@GOTOFF(%ebx), %esi
/* Fixup real code pointer */
movl %esi, %eax
shrl $4, %eax
movw %ax, 2 + realptr@GOTOFF(%ebx)
/* Fixup protected code pointer */
leal prot@GOTOFF(%ebx), %eax
movl %eax, protptr@GOTOFF(%ebx)
/* Compute the gdt fixup */
movl %esi, %eax
shll $16, %eax # Base low
movl %esi, %ecx
shrl $16, %ecx
andl $0xff, %ecx
movl %esi, %edx
andl $0xff000000, %edx
orl %edx, %ecx
/* Fixup the gdt */
andl $0x0000ffff, REAL_CS + 0 + gdt@GOTOFF(%ebx)
orl %eax, REAL_CS + 0 + gdt@GOTOFF(%ebx)
andl $0x00ffff00, REAL_CS + 4 + gdt@GOTOFF(%ebx)
orl %ecx, REAL_CS + 4 + gdt@GOTOFF(%ebx)
andl $0x0000ffff, REAL_DS + 0 + gdt@GOTOFF(%ebx)
orl %eax, REAL_DS + 0 + gdt@GOTOFF(%ebx)
andl $0x00ffff00, REAL_DS + 4 + gdt@GOTOFF(%ebx)
orl %ecx, REAL_DS + 4 + gdt@GOTOFF(%ebx)
/* Fixup the gdt_descr */
leal gdt@GOTOFF(%ebx), %eax
movl %eax, 2 + gdt_descr@GOTOFF(%ebx)
lidt idt_real@GOTOFF(%ebx)
/* Don't disable the a20 line */
/* Load 16bit data segments, to ensure the segment limits are set */
movl $REAL_DS, %eax
movl %eax, %ds
movl %eax, %es
movl %eax, %ss
movl %eax, %fs
movl %eax, %gs
/* Compute the boot_stack base */
leal boot_stack@GOTOFF(%ebx), %ecx
/* Compute the address of meminfo */
leal mem_info@GOTOFF(%ebx), %edi
/* switch to 16bit mode */
ljmp $REAL_CS, $1f - RSTART
1:
.code16
/* Disable Paging and protected mode */
/* clear the PG & PE bits of CR0 */
movl %cr0,%eax
andl $~((1 << 31)|(1<<0)),%eax
movl %eax,%cr0
/* make intersegment jmp to flush the processor pipeline
* and reload %cs:%eip (to clear upper 16 bits of %eip).
*/
ljmp *(realptr - RSTART)
real:
/* we are in real mode now
* set up the real mode segment registers : %ds, %ss, %es, %gs, %fs
*/
movw %cs, %ax
movw %ax, %ds
movw %ax, %es
movw %ax, %fs
movw %ax, %gs
movw %ax, %ss
/* Adjust the boot_stack pointer */
movl %ecx, %eax
shrl $4, %eax
movw %ax, %ss
subl %ecx, %esp
/* Save my base pointer */
pushl %ebx
/* Setup %ds to point to my data area */
shrl $4, %edi
movl %edi, %ds
/* Enable interrupts or BIOS's go crazy */
sti
# Get memory size (extended mem, kB)
#define SMAP 0x534d4150
xorl %eax, %eax
movl %eax, (E88)
movl %eax, (E801)
movl %eax, (E820NR)
# Try three different memory detection schemes. First, try
# e820h, which lets us assemble a memory map, then try e801h,
# which returns a 32-bit memory size, and finally 88h, which
# returns 0-64m
# method E820H:
# the memory map from hell. e820h returns memory classified into
# a whole bunch of different types, and allows memory holes and
# everything. We scan through this memory map and build a list
# of the first 32 memory areas, which we return at [E820MAP].
# This is documented at http://www.teleport.com/~acpi/acpihtml/topic245.htm
meme820:
xorl %ebx, %ebx # continuation counter
movw $E820MAP, %di # point into the whitelist
# so we can have the bios
# directly write into it.
jmpe820:
movl $0x0000e820, %eax # e820, upper word zeroed
movl $SMAP, %edx # ascii 'SMAP'
movl $20, %ecx # size of the e820rec
pushw %ds # data record.
popw %es
int $0x15 # make the call
jc bail820 # fall to e801 if it fails
cmpl $SMAP, %eax # check the return is `SMAP'
jne bail820 # fall to e801 if it fails
# cmpl $1, 16(%di) # is this usable memory?
# jne again820
# If this is usable memory, we save it by simply advancing %di by
# sizeof(e820rec).
#
good820:
movb (E820NR), %al # up to 32 entries
cmpb $E820MAX, %al
jnl bail820
incb (E820NR)
movw %di, %ax
addw $E820ENTRY_SIZE, %ax
movw %ax, %di
again820:
cmpl $0, %ebx # check to see if
jne jmpe820 # %ebx is set to EOF
bail820:
# method E801H:
# memory size is in 1k chunksizes, to avoid confusing loadlin.
# we store the 0xe801 memory size in a completely different place,
# because it will most likely be longer than 16 bits.
meme801:
stc # fix to work around buggy
xorw %cx,%cx # BIOSes which dont clear/set
xorw %dx,%dx # carry on pass/error of
# e801h memory size call
# or merely pass cx,dx though
# without changing them.
movw $0xe801, %ax
int $0x15
jc mem88
cmpw $0x0, %cx # Kludge to handle BIOSes
jne e801usecxdx # which report their extended
cmpw $0x0, %dx # memory in AX/BX rather than
jne e801usecxdx # CX/DX. The spec I have read
movw %ax, %cx # seems to indicate AX/BX
movw %bx, %dx # are more reasonable anyway...
e801usecxdx:
andl $0xffff, %edx # clear sign extend
shll $6, %edx # and go from 64k to 1k chunks
movl %edx, (E801) # store extended memory size
andl $0xffff, %ecx # clear sign extend
addl %ecx, (E801) # and add lower memory into
# total size.
# Ye Olde Traditional Methode. Returns the memory size (up to 16mb or
# 64mb, depending on the bios) in ax.
mem88:
movb $0x88, %ah
int $0x15
movw %ax, (E88)
#ifdef APM_OFF
# check for APM BIOS
movw $0x5300, %ax # APM BIOS installation check
xorw %bx, %bx
int $0x15
jc done_apm_bios # error -> no APM BIOS
cmpw $0x504d, %bx # check for "PM" signature
jne done_apm_bios # no signature -> no APM BIOS
movw $0x5304, %ax # Disconnect first just in case
xorw %bx, %bx
int $0x15 # ignore return code
movw $0x5301, %ax # Real Mode connect
xorw %bx, %bx
int $0x15
jc done_apm_bios # error
movw $0x5308, %ax # Disable APM
mov $0xffff, %bx
xorw %cx, %cx
int $0x15
done_apm_bios:
#endif
/* O.k. the BIOS query is done switch back to protected mode */
cli
/* Restore my saved variables */
popl %ebx
/* Get an convinient %ds */
movw %cs, %ax
movw %ax, %ds
/* Load the global descriptor table */
addr32 lgdt gdt_descr - RSTART
/* Turn on protected mode */
/* Set the PE bit in CR0 */
movl %cr0,%eax
orl $(1<<0),%eax
movl %eax,%cr0
/* flush the prefetch queue, and relaod %cs:%eip */
data32 ljmp *(protptr - RSTART)
prot:
.code32
/* Reload other segment registers */
movl $KERNEL_DS, %eax
movl %eax, %ds
movl %eax, %es
movl %eax, %fs
movl %eax, %gs
movl %eax, %ss
/* Adjust the boot_stack pointer */
leal boot_stack@GOTOFF(%ebx), %eax
addl %eax, %esp
/* Restore the caller saved registers */
popl %ebp
popl %edi
popl %esi
popl %ebx
movl $1, %eax
ret
.globl mbiptr
mbiptr:
.long 0
realptr:
.word real - RSTART
.word 0x0000
protptr:
.long 0
.long KERNEL_CS
idt_real:
.word 0x400 - 1 # idt limit ( 256 entries)
.word 0, 0 # idt base = 0L
/* _ap_trampoline_start is the entry point for cpus other than the
* bootstrap cpu. The code between _ap_trampoline_start to
* _ap_trampoline_protmode is copied to BootCodeStart(0x9000).
* The ljmp after turning on CR0.PE will jump to the
* relocatable code which usually resides at 0x10000 + _ap_trampoline_protmode.
*
* The trampoline code uses a temporary GDT. The entries of this temporary
* GDT must match the first few entries of the GDT used by the relocatble
* memtest code(see 'gdt' sybmol in this file).
*
*/
.globl _ap_trampoline_start
.globl _ap_trampoline_protmode
.code16
_ap_trampoline_start:
cs lgdt 0x100 /* will be filled in by boot_ap() */
movl %cr0, %eax
orl $1, %eax
movl %eax, %cr0
data32 ljmp $KERNEL_CS, $_ap_trampoline_protmode
_ap_trampoline_protmode:
.code32
movw $KERNEL_DS, %ax
movw %ax, %ds
movw %ax, %es
movw %ax, %fs
movw %ax, %gs
movw %ax, %ss
movl $(LOW_TEST_ADR + _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_), %esp
leal boot_stack_top@GOTOFF(%esp), %esp
pushl $0
popf
call startup_32
/* if we ever return, we'll just loop forever */
cli
2: hlt
jmp 2b
.data
zerobss: .long 1
.previous
.data
.balign 16
.globl mem_info
mem_info:
. = . + MEMINFO_SIZE
.previous
.bss
.balign 16
boot_stack:
.globl boot_stack
. = . + 4096
boot_stack_top:
.globl boot_stack_top
.previous