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Salvo is an extremely simple and powerful Rust web backend framework. Only basic Rust knowledge is required to develop backend services.

🎯 Features

  • Built with Hyper 1 and Tokio;
  • HTTP1, HTTP2 and HTTP3;
  • Unified middleware and handle interface;
  • Router can be nested infinitely, and multiple middlewares can be attached to any router;
  • Integrated Multipart form processing;
  • Support WebSocket, WebTransport;
  • Support OpenAPI, generate OpenAPI data automatic;
  • Support Acme, automatically get TLS certificate from let's encrypt;
  • Support Tower Service and Layer;

⚡️ Quick Start

You can view samples here, or view official website.

Hello World with ACME and HTTP3

It only takes a few lines of code to implement a server that supports ACME to automatically obtain certificates and supports HTTP1, HTTP2, and HTTP3 protocols.

use salvo::prelude::*;

#[handler]
async fn hello(res: &mut Response) {
    res.render(Text::Plain("Hello World"));
}

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let mut router = Router::new().get(hello);
    let listener = TcpListener::new("0.0.0.0:443")
        .acme()
        .add_domain("test.salvo.rs") // Replace this domain name with your own.
        .http01_challege(&mut router).quinn("0.0.0.0:443");
    let acceptor = listener.join(TcpListener::new("0.0.0.0:80")).bind().await;
    Server::new(acceptor).serve(router).await;
}

Middleware

There is no difference between Handler and Middleware, Middleware is just Handler. So you can write middlewares without to know concepts like associated type, generic type. You can write middleware if you can write function!!!

use salvo::http::header::{self, HeaderValue};
use salvo::prelude::*;

#[handler]
async fn add_header(res: &mut Response) {
    res.headers_mut()
        .insert(header::SERVER, HeaderValue::from_static("Salvo"));
}

Then add it to router:

Router::new().hoop(add_header).get(hello)

This is a very simple middleware, it adds Header to Response, view full source code.

Chainable tree routing system

Normally we write routing like this：

Router::with_path("articles").get(list_articles).post(create_article);
Router::with_path("articles/<id>")
    .get(show_article)
    .patch(edit_article)
    .delete(delete_article);

Often viewing articles and article lists does not require user login, but creating, editing, deleting articles, etc. require user login authentication permissions. The tree-like routing system in Salvo can meet this demand. We can write routers without user login together:

Router::with_path("articles")
    .get(list_articles)
    .push(Router::with_path("<id>").get(show_article));

Then write the routers that require the user to login together, and use the corresponding middleware to verify whether the user is logged in:

Router::with_path("articles")
    .hoop(auth_check)
    .push(Router::with_path("<id>").patch(edit_article).delete(delete_article));

Although these two routes have the same path("articles"), they can still be added to the same parent route at the same time, so the final route looks like this:

Router::new()
    .push(
        Router::with_path("articles")
            .get(list_articles)
            .push(Router::with_path("<id>").get(show_article)),
    )
    .push(
        Router::with_path("articles")
            .hoop(auth_check)
            .push(Router::with_path("<id>").patch(edit_article).delete(delete_article)),
    );

<id> matches a fragment in the path, under normal circumstances, the article id is just a number, which we can use regular expressions to restrict id matching rules, r"<id:/\d+/>".

You can also use <**>, <*+> or <*?> to match all remaining path fragments. In order to make the code more readable, you can also add appropriate name to make the path semantics more clear, for example: <**file_path>.

Some regular expressions for matching paths need to be used frequently, and it can be registered in advance, such as GUID:

PathFilter::register_wisp_regex(
    "guid",
    Regex::new("[0-9a-fA-F]{8}-([0-9a-fA-F]{4}-){3}[0-9a-fA-F]{12}").unwrap(),
);

This makes it more concise when path matching is required:

Router::with_path("<id:guid>").get(index)

View full source code

File upload

We can get file async by the function file in Request:

#[handler]
async fn upload(req: &mut Request, res: &mut Response) {
    let file = req.file("file").await;
    if let Some(file) = file {
        let dest = format!("temp/{}", file.name().unwrap_or_else(|| "file".into()));
        if let Err(e) = tokio::fs::copy(&file.path, Path::new(&dest)).await {
            res.status_code(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
        } else {
            res.render("Ok");
        }
    } else {
        res.status_code(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
    }
}

Extract data from request

You can easily get data from multiple different data sources and assemble it into the type you want. You can define a custom type first, for example:

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Extractible, Debug)]
/// Get the data field value from the body by default.
#[salvo(extract(default_source(from = "body")))]
struct GoodMan<'a> {
    /// The id number is obtained from the request path parameter, and the data is automatically parsed as i64 type.
    #[salvo(extract(source(from = "param")))]
    id: i64,
    /// Reference types can be used to avoid memory copying.
    username: &'a str,
    first_name: String,
    last_name: String,
}

Then in Handler you can get the data like this:

#[handler]
async fn edit(req: &mut Request) {
    let good_man: GoodMan<'_> = req.extract().await.unwrap();
}

You can even pass the type directly to the function as a parameter, like this:

#[handler]
async fn edit<'a>(good_man: GoodMan<'a>) {
    res.render(Json(good_man));
}

View full source code

OpenAPI Supported

Perfect support for OpenAPI can be achieved without making significant changes to the project.

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, ToSchema, Debug)]
struct MyObject<T: ToSchema + std::fmt::Debug> {
    value: T,
}

#[endpoint]
async fn use_string(body: JsonBody<MyObject<String>>) -> String {
    format!("{:?}", body)
}
#[endpoint]
async fn use_i32(body: JsonBody<MyObject<i32>>) -> String {
    format!("{:?}", body)
}
#[endpoint]
async fn use_u64(body: JsonBody<MyObject<u64>>) -> String {
    format!("{:?}", body)
}

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    tracing_subscriber::fmt().init();

    let router = Router::new()
        .push(Router::with_path("i32").post(use_i32))
        .push(Router::with_path("u64").post(use_u64))
        .push(Router::with_path("string").post(use_string));

    let doc = OpenApi::new("test api", "0.0.1").merge_router(&router);

    let router = router
        .push(doc.into_router("/api-doc/openapi.json"))
        .push(SwaggerUi::new("/api-doc/openapi.json").into_router("swagger-ui"));

    let acceptor = TcpListener::new("127.0.0.1:5800").bind().await;
    Server::new(acceptor).serve(router).await;
}

🛠️ Salvo CLI

Salvo CLI is a command-line tool that simplifies the creation of new Salvo projects, supporting templates for web APIs, websites, databases (including SQLite, PostgreSQL, and MySQL via SQLx, SeaORM, Diesel, Rbatis), and basic middleware. You can use salvo-cli to create a new Salvo project:

install

cargo install salvo-cli

create a new salvo project

salvo new project_name

More Examples

Your can find more examples in examples folder. You can run these examples with the following command:

cd examples
cargo run --bin example-basic-auth

You can use any example name you want to run instead of basic-auth here.

🚀 Performance

Benchmark testing result can be found from here:

https://web-frameworks-benchmark.netlify.app/result?l=rust

https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=data-r22

🩸 Contributing

Contributions are absolutely, positively welcome and encouraged! Contributions come in many forms. You could:

  • Submit a feature request or bug report as an issue;
  • Comment on issues that require feedback;
  • Contribute code via pull requests;
  • Publish Salvo-related technical articles on blogs or technical platforms。

All pull requests are code reviewed and tested by the CI. Note that unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in Salvo by you shall be dual licensed under the MIT License, without any additional terms or conditions.

☕ Supporters

Salvo is an open source project. If you want to support Salvo, you can ☕ buy me a coffee here.

⚠️ License

Salvo is licensed under either of