2 - Algorithm Design.ipynb

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  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 2 - Algorithm Design"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "    Notification.requestPermission(function (permission) {\n",
       "        if(!('permission' in Notification)) {\n",
       "            Notification.permission = permission;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    })\n",
       "}\n"
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       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
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     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "\n",
    "from tqdm import tqdm_notebook,tnrange,tqdm_pandas,tqdm\n",
    "tqdm.pandas()\n",
    "\n",
    "import os\n",
    "import pickle\n",
    "\n",
    "import datetime as dt\n",
    "\n",
    "import ipywidgets as widgets\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "import jupyternotify\n",
    "ip = get_ipython()\n",
    "ip.register_magics(jupyternotify.JupyterNotifyMagics)\n",
    "#notify if cell is finished for cells taking longer than 30 seconds\n",
    "%autonotify -a 30"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## setup plotting for later"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%matplotlib notebook\n",
    "import matplotlib\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "import matplotlib.font_manager as font_manager\n",
    "\n",
    "#view available fonts\n",
    "paths = []\n",
    "for font in font_manager.findSystemFonts():\n",
    "  paths.append(font)\n",
    "\n",
    "font_name = \"Charter\"\n",
    "path_match = [path for path in paths if font_name in path]\n",
    "if not path_match:\n",
    "    print(\"You do not have the font installed\")\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "flist = font_manager.get_fontconfig_fonts()\n",
    "names = [font_manager.FontProperties(fname=fname).get_name() for fname in flist]\n",
    "matching = [s for s in names if \"Charter\" in s]\n",
    "\n",
    "if not matching:\n",
    "    print(\"You do not have the font installed\")\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "full_column_width = 1400\n",
    "out_set = 2040\n",
    "screen_width = 2500\n",
    "\n",
    "medium_image_size = screen_width\n",
    "\n",
    "aspect_ratio = 9/16\n",
    "my_dpi = 96\n",
    "\n",
    "width = medium_image_size / my_dpi\n",
    "height = width * aspect_ratio\n",
    "size = (width, height)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "if medium_image_size == full_column_width:\n",
    "    small_text = 14\n",
    "    medium_text = 16\n",
    "    big_text = 260\n",
    "elif medium_image_size == out_set:\n",
    "    small_text = 16\n",
    "    medium_text = 18\n",
    "    big_text = 30\n",
    "elif medium_image_size == screen_width:\n",
    "    small_text = 14\n",
    "    medium_text = 16\n",
    "    big_text = 26\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    small_text = 14\n",
    "    medium_text = 16\n",
    "    big_text = 26\n",
    "    \n",
    "\n",
    "    \n",
    "plt.style.use(\"ggplot\")\n",
    "plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = size\n",
    "plt.rcParams['savefig.dpi'] = my_dpi\n",
    "plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = my_dpi\n",
    "plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'Charter'\n",
    "plt.rcParams['font.serif'] = 'Charter'\n",
    "plt.rcParams['font.monospace'] = 'Menlo'\n",
    "plt.rcParams['font.size'] = small_text\n",
    "plt.rcParams['axes.labelsize'] = medium_text\n",
    "plt.rcParams['axes.labelweight'] = 'bold'\n",
    "plt.rcParams['xtick.labelsize'] = small_text\n",
    "plt.rcParams['ytick.labelsize'] = small_text\n",
    "plt.rcParams['legend.fontsize'] = medium_text\n",
    "plt.rcParams['figure.titlesize'] = big_text\n",
    "\n",
    "plt_colour = '0.13'\n",
    "plt.rcParams['text.color'] = plt_colour\n",
    "plt.rcParams['axes.labelcolor'] = plt_colour\n",
    "plt.rcParams['xtick.color'] = plt_colour\n",
    "plt.rcParams['ytick.color'] = plt_colour"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Path to your urinal-data-28-nov_clean _pickle_ file"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pickle_full = \"Data Files/urinal-data-28-nov_clean.p\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Load Data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "loading pickle\n"
     ]
    },
    {
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       "                if (Notification.permission !== 'denied') {\n",
       "                    if (Notification.permission !== 'granted') { \n",
       "                        Notification.requestPermission(function (permission) {\n",
       "                            if(!('permission' in Notification)) {\n",
       "                                Notification.permission = permission\n",
       "                            }\n",
       "                        })\n",
       "                    }\n",
       "                    if (Notification.permission === 'granted') {\n",
       "                    var notification = new Notification(\"Jupyter Notebook\", notificationPayload)\n",
       "                    appendUniqueDiv()\n",
       "                    notification.onclick = function () {\n",
       "                        window.focus();\n",
       "                        this.close();\n",
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       "    }\n",
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   ],
   "source": [
    "#---------- read in pickle----------   \n",
    "if os.path.isfile(pickle_full):\n",
    "    print(\"loading pickle\")\n",
    "    df = pd.read_pickle(pickle_full)\n",
    "   \n",
    "else:\n",
    "    raise Exception(\"Did you run 1 - Raw Data Visualisation?\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "we want indexes not, timestamps, as our time data is only recorded to the nearest second (yet we have a sampling rate of 10 frames/second)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df.reset_index(inplace=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <th>P8</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>P54</th>\n",
       "      <th>P55</th>\n",
       "      <th>P56</th>\n",
       "      <th>P57</th>\n",
       "      <th>P58</th>\n",
       "      <th>P59</th>\n",
       "      <th>P60</th>\n",
       "      <th>P61</th>\n",
       "      <th>P62</th>\n",
       "      <th>P63</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
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       "      <th>741251</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-24 16:19:31</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>21.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.5</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3028743</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-27 16:16:22</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>20.75</td>\n",
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       "      <td>23.0</td>\n",
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       "                       time    P0     P1     P2    P3     P4     P5    P6  \\\n",
       "741251  2017-11-24 16:19:31  21.0  22.50  21.00  21.0  22.25  23.25  22.0   \n",
       "3028743 2017-11-27 16:16:22  21.5  21.75  21.75  22.0  21.75  23.75  22.5   \n",
       "\n",
       "           P7     P8  ...     P54    P55    P56    P57    P58   P59    P60  \\\n",
       "741251   22.0  22.50  ...   22.00  22.00  21.25  22.75  23.25  22.0  23.25   \n",
       "3028743  22.0  21.75  ...   21.75  21.25  20.75  21.75  22.25  21.5  23.00   \n",
       "\n",
       "          P61    P62   P63  \n",
       "741251   23.5  22.50  21.5  \n",
       "3028743  23.0  21.25  23.0  \n",
       "\n",
       "[2 rows x 65 columns]"
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     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.sample(2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Adaptive Threshold\n",
    "In _1- Raw Data Visualisation_ we saw how noisy our data is. \n",
    "With some additional testing, it's pretty clear simply looking for pixels above a set temperature is not sufficient, the ambient air temperature just varies too [much](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132396000340)!\n",
    "\n",
    "<img src=\"Images/layout_sections.png\" alt=\"grideye camera view\" width=\"350\" height=\"350\" align=\"left\">So: \n",
    "- We want to find a warm body in the of mess pixels. \n",
    "- We have a pretty good idea of where the warm body will appear. \n",
    "- We have an area where no person will be (the empty space)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "These [researchers](http://www.scirp.org/jouRNAl/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=74726) achieved 97% accuracy finding a person with the Grid-EYE.  \n",
    "By adapting their algorithm, we created an adaptive threshold algorithm for determining a urinal __\"stay\"__ which goes something like:\n",
    "\n",
    "1. get background temperature (Empty Space) ($T_b$)\n",
    "2. Calculate mean of highest three temperatures for each section  ($T_m$)\n",
    "3. Compare $T_b$ to $T_m$ ($T_m - T_b > threshold$) and greater than an absolute temperature ($T_{abs}$) \n",
    "4. Determine a \"__stay__\" by thresholding the time"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Grab the Urinal Section\n",
    "\n",
    "We first create a \"mask\" which contains a list of column names corresponding to the Urinal section  \n",
    "In this case we ignore the top 2 rows, as no one in the office is above 7 foot!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "height = 6\n",
    "n = 8\n",
    "width_left = 2\n",
    "width_middle = 3\n",
    "width_right = 3\n",
    "bottom_trim = 0\n",
    "\n",
    "left_mask   = []\n",
    "middle_mask = []\n",
    "right_mask  = []\n",
    "for y in range(n-height,n-bottom_trim):\n",
    "    # LEFT\n",
    "    for x in range(width_left):\n",
    "        left_mask.append(x+y*n) \n",
    "    # MIDDLE\n",
    "    for x in range(width_middle):\n",
    "         middle_mask.append(x+y*n+width_left) \n",
    "    # RIGHT\n",
    "    for x in range(width_right):\n",
    "         right_mask.append(x+y*n+width_left+width_middle) \n",
    "\n",
    "left_mask = [\"P\"+str(x) for x in left_mask]  \n",
    "middle_mask = [\"P\"+str(x) for x in middle_mask]  \n",
    "right_mask = [\"P\"+str(x) for x in right_mask]  \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Grab the background temperature ($T_b$)\n",
    "Assuming no person (or hot object) will loiter near the roof,  \n",
    "we take the background temperature values as the mean of top 2 rows (per section<sup>1</sup>)  \n",
    "___\n",
    "<sup>1</sup><sub>Per section, as there are AC vents above the left and right urinals and not the middle, therefore the temperature is generally higher in the middle.</sub>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "      <td>23.75</td>\n",
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       "      <td>23.00</td>\n",
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       "      <td>24.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.75</td>\n",
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       "            P2     P3     P4    P10    P11    P12\n",
       "1920512  21.75  22.25  23.00  22.50  23.50  22.25\n",
       "2038331  22.75  21.50  23.00  23.00  23.75  23.00\n",
       "2272263  22.50  23.50  23.00  23.25  23.50  22.75\n",
       "2245255  23.75  23.00  23.75  22.50  25.25  23.75\n",
       "2143080  23.00  22.00  22.50  22.25  23.00  23.00\n",
       "1147518  21.25  21.75  23.00  22.00  22.00  21.50\n",
       "3009635  22.25  21.75  22.75  22.25  22.50  22.00\n",
       "3149380  21.00  21.50  22.25  22.00  22.50  21.25\n",
       "115775   21.50  22.75  23.25  23.00  23.00  22.25\n",
       "2277608  23.00  22.50  24.25  23.00  24.75  22.75"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "height = 6 # top 2 rows\n",
    "n = 8\n",
    "width_left = 2\n",
    "width_middle = 3\n",
    "width_right = 3\n",
    "\n",
    "left_top   = []\n",
    "middle_top = []\n",
    "right_top  = []\n",
    "for y in range(0,n-height):\n",
    "    # LEFT\n",
    "    for x in range(width_left):\n",
    "        left_top.append(x+y*n) \n",
    "    # MIDDLE\n",
    "    for x in range(width_middle):\n",
    "         middle_top.append(x+y*n+width_left) \n",
    "    # RIGHT\n",
    "    for x in range(width_right):\n",
    "         right_top.append(x+y*n+width_left+width_middle) \n",
    "\n",
    "left_top = [\"P\"+str(x) for x in left_top]  \n",
    "middle_top = [\"P\"+str(x) for x in middle_top]  \n",
    "right_top = [\"P\"+str(x) for x in right_top]  \n",
    "\n",
    "df[middle_top].sample(10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Calculate the Background temperature ($T_b$)\n",
    "We take the background temperature every minute, therefore making sure long-term changes in ambient temperature are considered "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "  that the widgets JavaScript is still loading. If this message persists, it\n",
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       "  not enabled. See the <a href=\"https://ipywidgets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/user_install.html\">Jupyter\n",
       "  Widgets Documentation</a> for setup instructions.\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "<p>\n",
       "  If you're reading this message in another frontend (for example, a static\n",
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     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
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       "            notifiedDiv.id = \"d61045d6-9216-4670-b078-8b94ed236499\"\n",
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       "                if (Notification.permission !== 'denied') {\n",
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       "    }\n",
       ")\n"
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     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "window = 600 # 1 minute window for background temp\n",
    "\n",
    "left_background = []\n",
    "middle_background = []\n",
    "right_background = []\n",
    "\n",
    "for t in tnrange(window/2,len(df),window):  \n",
    "    left_background.append(df.loc[t-window/2:t+window/2,:][left_top].mean().mean())\n",
    "    middle_background.append(df.loc[t-window/2:t+window/2,:][middle_top].mean().mean())\n",
    "    right_background.append(df.loc[t-window/2:t+window/2,:][right_top].mean().mean())\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Add minute to minute background temperatures ($T_b$) to dataframe\n",
    "We also error check to make sure the columns are of equal length"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "left_background = [x for x in left_background for _ in range(window)]    \n",
    "middle_background = [x for x in middle_background for _ in range(window)]    \n",
    "right_background = [x for x in right_background for _ in range(window)]  \n",
    "\n",
    "if len(left_background) > len(df):\n",
    "    left_background = left_background[0:-(len(left_background) - len(df))]\n",
    "    middle_background = middle_background[0:-(len(middle_background) - len(df))]\n",
    "    right_background = right_background[0:-(len(right_background) - len(df))]\n",
    "elif len(left_thresh) < len(df):    \n",
    "    left_background.extend([left_background[-1]]*(len(df) - len(left_background)))\n",
    "    middle_background.extend([middle_background[-1]]*(len(df) - len(middle_background)))\n",
    "    right_background.extend([right_background[-1]]*(len(df) - len(right_background)))\n",
    "\n",
    "if not (len(left_background) == len(middle_background) == len(right_background) == len(df)):\n",
    "    raise AssertionError()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Pickle Path"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pickle_full = 'Data Files/compare_temps.p'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Calculate the mean of the highest 3 temperatures per frame ($T_m$)\n",
    "We find the highest three because this is approximately the number of pixels a person occupies in a frame.  \n",
    "If we look at the mean of all pixels, the value calculated is generally too close to the background temperature.  \n",
    "___\n",
    "<sub>I've created my own function here as I found it to be significantly faster than using numpy's _argpartition_ or bottleneck's _partition_</sub>\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "loading pickle\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "if os.path.isfile(pickle_full):\n",
    "    print(\"loading pickle\")\n",
    "    compare_temps = pd.read_pickle(pickle_full)\n",
    "    left = compare_temps[compare_temps[\"position\"] == 'left']\n",
    "    middle = compare_temps[compare_temps[\"position\"] == 'middle']\n",
    "    right = compare_temps[compare_temps[\"position\"] == 'right']\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"creating pickle...\")\n",
    "    print(\"this will take some time...\")\n",
    "    \n",
    "    left  = df[left_mask].copy()\n",
    "    middle = df[middle_mask].copy()\n",
    "    right = df[right_mask].copy()\n",
    "     \n",
    "    # Define a function which calculates\n",
    "    # the highest three numbers from a list \n",
    "    # and calculate their mean\n",
    "    # O(n)\n",
    "def top_three_mean(numbers):\n",
    "    count = 0\n",
    "    m1 = m2 = m3 = float('-inf')\n",
    "    for number in numbers:\n",
    "        count += 1\n",
    "        if number >= m3:\n",
    "            if number >= m2:\n",
    "                if number >= m1:\n",
    "                    m1, m2, m3 = number, m1, m2   \n",
    "                else:\n",
    "                    m3 = m2\n",
    "                    m2 = number\n",
    "            else:\n",
    "                m3 = number\n",
    "\n",
    "    tri_mean = np.mean((m1,m2,m3))          \n",
    "    return tri_mean if count >= 2 else None\n",
    "\n",
    "    # Apply top_three_mean to each urinal section\n",
    "    left[\"mean3\"] = left.progress_apply(top_three_mean,axis = 1)\n",
    "    middle[\"mean3\"] = middle.progress_apply(top_three_mean,axis = 1)\n",
    "    right[\"mean3\"] = right.progress_apply(top_three_mean,axis = 1)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # assign the previous calculated background temperatures to each urinal section\n",
    "    left[\"background_temp\"] = left_background\n",
    "    middle[\"background_temp\"] = middle_background\n",
    "    right[\"background_temp\"] = right_background\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # specify the urinal section (this is more convenient for pickling)\n",
    "    left[\"position\"] = 'left'\n",
    "    middle[\"position\"] = 'middle'\n",
    "    right[\"position\"] = 'right'\n",
    "    \n",
    "    compare_temps = pd.concat([left.iloc[:,-3:],middle.iloc[:,-3:],right.iloc[:,-3:]],axis = 0)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    compare_temps.to_pickle(pickle_full)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    left = compare_temps[compare_temps[\"position\"] == 'left']\n",
    "    middle = compare_temps[compare_temps[\"position\"] == 'middle']\n",
    "    right = compare_temps[compare_temps[\"position\"] == 'right']\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Compare background temperature to highest three temperatures\n",
    "$T_m - T_b > T_{th}$ __AND__ $T_m > T_{abs}$  \n",
    "These combined comparisons are converted to a boolean __1__ or __0__\n",
    "\n",
    "$T_{Th}$ and $T_{abs}$ are determined from [Trofimova et. al.](http://www.scirp.org/jouRNAl/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=74726)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>left</th>\n",
       "      <th>middle</th>\n",
       "      <th>right</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>time</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2017-11-27 21:34:52</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
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       "      <th>2017-11-28 05:39:05</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                     left  middle  right\n",
       "time                                    \n",
       "2017-11-27 21:34:52     0       0      0\n",
       "2017-11-27 20:48:21     0       0      0\n",
       "2017-11-28 00:58:32     0       0      0\n",
       "2017-11-24 03:22:24     0       0      0\n",
       "2017-11-28 05:39:05     0       0      0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Tabs = 24.5\n",
    "Tth = 1.5\n",
    "df_temp_thresh = pd.DataFrame({\"time\":df[\"time\"]})\n",
    "df_temp_thresh[\"left\"] = ((left[\"mean3\"] - left[\"background_temp\"] > Tth) & (left[\"mean3\"] > Tabs)).astype(int)\n",
    "df_temp_thresh[\"middle\"] = ((middle[\"mean3\"] - middle[\"background_temp\"] > Tth) & (middle[\"mean3\"] > Tabs)).astype(int)\n",
    "df_temp_thresh[\"right\"] = ((right[\"mean3\"] - right[\"background_temp\"] > Tth) & (right[\"mean3\"] > Tabs)).astype(int)\n",
    "df_temp_thresh.set_index(\"time\",inplace=True)\n",
    "df_temp_thresh.sample(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Differentiate Binary values\n",
    "Differentiating is a quick way of finding a state change,  \n",
    "1 corresponds to a _walk in_, -1 corresponds to a _walk out_"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df_temp_diff = df_temp_thresh.diff(axis=0)[1:]\n",
    "df_temp_diff.reset_index(inplace=True)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Remove all zeros\n",
    "for the differentiated DataFrame zero corresponds to a state remaining the same.  \n",
    "We only care about state changes!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "<div>\n",
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>in_out</th>\n",
       "      <th>time</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>130</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-23 16:57:14</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>131</th>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>188</th>\n",
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       "      <td>2017-11-23 16:57:21</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>189</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-23 16:57:21</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-23 16:57:25</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     in_out                time\n",
       "130     1.0 2017-11-23 16:57:14\n",
       "131    -1.0 2017-11-23 16:57:14\n",
       "188     1.0 2017-11-23 16:57:21\n",
       "189    -1.0 2017-11-23 16:57:21\n",
       "225     1.0 2017-11-23 16:57:25"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_temp_diff_redL =  pd.concat([df_temp_diff[\"left\"][df_temp_diff[\"left\"] != 0],df_temp_diff[\"time\"][df_temp_diff[\"left\"] != 0]],axis = 1)\n",
    "df_temp_diff_redM = pd.concat([df_temp_diff[\"middle\"][df_temp_diff[\"middle\"] != 0],df_temp_diff[\"time\"][df_temp_diff[\"middle\"] != 0]],axis = 1)\n",
    "df_temp_diff_redR = pd.concat([df_temp_diff[\"right\"][df_temp_diff[\"right\"] != 0],df_temp_diff[\"time\"][df_temp_diff[\"right\"] != 0]],axis = 1)\n",
    "\n",
    "df_temp_diff_redL.columns = [\"in_out\",\"time\"]\n",
    "df_temp_diff_redM.columns = [\"in_out\",\"time\"]\n",
    "df_temp_diff_redR.columns = [\"in_out\",\"time\"]\n",
    "\n",
    "df_temp_diff_redR.head(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Error Checking\n",
    "Check that:\n",
    "1. The data started with no person in frame\n",
    "2. If a person walked in, they then walked out\n",
    "3. The data ended with no person in frame"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json": {
       "model_id": "72b75f6709eb42909eac1f6c758fe301",
       "version_major": 2,
       "version_minor": 0
      },
      "text/html": [
       "<p>Failed to display Jupyter Widget of type <code>HBox</code>.</p>\n",
       "<p>\n",
       "  If you're reading this message in the Jupyter Notebook or JupyterLab Notebook, it may mean\n",
       "  that the widgets JavaScript is still loading. If this message persists, it\n",
       "  likely means that the widgets JavaScript library is either not installed or\n",
       "  not enabled. See the <a href=\"https://ipywidgets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/user_install.html\">Jupyter\n",
       "  Widgets Documentation</a> for setup instructions.\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "<p>\n",
       "  If you're reading this message in another frontend (for example, a static\n",
       "  rendering on GitHub or <a href=\"https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/\">NBViewer</a>),\n",
       "  it may mean that your frontend doesn't currently support widgets.\n",
       "</p>\n"
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       "HBox(children=(IntProgress(value=0, max=7984), HTML(value=u'')))"
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     "metadata": {},
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     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#check in_out always alternates-->it always does\n",
    "prev = -1\n",
    "test = df_temp_diff_redL\n",
    "for i in tnrange(len(test)):\n",
    "    \n",
    "    curr = test[\"in_out\"].iloc[i]\n",
    "    if curr == prev:\n",
    "        print(test[\"time\"].iloc[i])\n",
    "        raise AssertionError()\n",
    "    prev = curr\n",
    "\n",
    "    \n",
    "assert df_temp_diff_redL[\"in_out\"].sum() == 0 and df_temp_diff_redL[\"in_out\"].iloc[-1] == -1 \n",
    "assert df_temp_diff_redM[\"in_out\"].sum() == 0 and df_temp_diff_redM[\"in_out\"].iloc[-1] == -1\n",
    "assert df_temp_diff_redR[\"in_out\"].sum() == 0 and df_temp_diff_redR[\"in_out\"].iloc[-1] == -1\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Convert 1 to \"in\" and -1 to \"out\" for readability"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def in_out(b):\n",
    "    try:\n",
    "        if int(b) == 1:\n",
    "            return \"in\"\n",
    "        elif int(b) == -1:\n",
    "            return \"out\"\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            return b\n",
    "    except:\n",
    "        return b\n",
    "    \n",
    "df_temp_diff_redL[\"in_out\"]    = df_temp_diff_redL[\"in_out\"].apply(in_out)\n",
    "df_temp_diff_redM[\"in_out\"]    = df_temp_diff_redM[\"in_out\"].apply(in_out)\n",
    "df_temp_diff_redR[\"in_out\"]    = df_temp_diff_redR[\"in_out\"].apply(in_out)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Annotate the position"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df_temp_diff_redL[\"Position\"] = [\"left\" for x in range(len(df_temp_diff_redL))]\n",
    "df_temp_diff_redM[\"Position\"] = [\"middle\" for x in range(len(df_temp_diff_redM))]\n",
    "df_temp_diff_redR[\"Position\"] = [\"right\" for x in range(len(df_temp_diff_redR))]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Concatenate positions for time sorting"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
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       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>in_out</th>\n",
       "      <th>time</th>\n",
       "      <th>Position</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>629428</th>\n",
       "      <td>out</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-24 12:48:31</td>\n",
       "      <td>middle</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3140953</th>\n",
       "      <td>in</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-27 19:48:06</td>\n",
       "      <td>left</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1036586</th>\n",
       "      <td>in</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-25 01:36:43</td>\n",
       "      <td>right</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2587092</th>\n",
       "      <td>out</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-27 02:22:00</td>\n",
       "      <td>right</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1399962</th>\n",
       "      <td>in</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-25 13:02:22</td>\n",
       "      <td>middle</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        in_out                time Position\n",
       "629428     out 2017-11-24 12:48:31   middle\n",
       "3140953     in 2017-11-27 19:48:06     left\n",
       "1036586     in 2017-11-25 01:36:43    right\n",
       "2587092    out 2017-11-27 02:22:00    right\n",
       "1399962     in 2017-11-25 13:02:22   middle"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 47,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rsv = df_temp_diff_redL\n",
    "rsv = rsv.append(df_temp_diff_redM)\n",
    "rsv = rsv.append(df_temp_diff_redR)\n",
    "\n",
    "rsv.sort_index(inplace=True)\n",
    "rsv.sample(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Collect in and out times as indexes and time, and place them in a dictionary"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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      "text/html": [
       "<p>Failed to display Jupyter Widget of type <code>HBox</code>.</p>\n",
       "<p>\n",
       "  If you're reading this message in the Jupyter Notebook or JupyterLab Notebook, it may mean\n",
       "  that the widgets JavaScript is still loading. If this message persists, it\n",
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       "  not enabled. See the <a href=\"https://ipywidgets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/user_install.html\">Jupyter\n",
       "  Widgets Documentation</a> for setup instructions.\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "<p>\n",
       "  If you're reading this message in another frontend (for example, a static\n",
       "  rendering on GitHub or <a href=\"https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/\">NBViewer</a>),\n",
       "  it may mean that your frontend doesn't currently support widgets.\n",
       "</p>\n"
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       "HBox(children=(IntProgress(value=0, max=67246), HTML(value=u'')))"
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    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# in and out are times, and inx and outx are the indexes\n",
    "in_out_dict = {\"left\":{\"in\":[],\"out\":[],\"inx\":[],\"outx\":[]},\"middle\":{\"in\":[],\"out\":[],\"inx\":[],\"outx\":[]},\n",
    "               \"right\":{\"in\":[],\"out\":[],\"inx\":[],\"outx\":[]}}\n",
    "\n",
    "for t in tnrange(len(rsv)):\n",
    "    in_out_dict[rsv[\"Position\"].iloc[t]][rsv[\"in_out\"].iloc[t]].append(rsv[\"time\"].iloc[t])\n",
    "    in_out_dict[rsv[\"Position\"].iloc[t]][rsv[\"in_out\"].iloc[t]+'x'].append(rsv.index[t])\n",
    "    \n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Time Threshold\n",
    "We now have a dictionary of all activity in our 3 urinal areas, timestamped.  \n",
    "However, we still need to differentiate a person walking past the urinals (to take care of other business),   \n",
    "and potentially remove any instantaneous temperature fluctuations  \n",
    "(but hopefully our background temperature comparison took care of that).  \n",
    "\n",
    "We call a person visiting the urinal, to relieve some pressure, a __stay__.  \n",
    "A stay is defined as a person visisting the urinal longer than 10 seconds <sup>1</sup>.\n",
    "\n",
    "___\n",
    "<sup>1</sup>   <span style=\" font-size:0.8em;\">This was experimentally determined, and later verified by [this Ig Noble prize winning paper](http://www.pnas.org/content/111/33/11932?tab=ds), and two </span> \n",
    "<span style=\" font-size:0.8em;\">[Grideye](http://www.scirp.org/jouRNAl/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=74726)</span>\n",
    "<span style=\" font-size:0.8em;\">[specific](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6798925/) papers </span>\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from datetime import timedelta\n",
    "\n",
    "# removes all non stays and sort into order of occurence\n",
    "def removeNonStays(timeFilt):\n",
    "    positions = [\"left\",\"middle\",\"right\"]\n",
    "    unsorted_stays = pd.DataFrame()\n",
    "    for position in positions:\n",
    "        curr_stays = pd.concat([pd.DataFrame(in_out_dict[position][\"in\"]),pd.DataFrame(in_out_dict[position][\"out\"]),\n",
    "                           pd.DataFrame(in_out_dict[position][\"inx\"]),pd.DataFrame(in_out_dict[position][\"outx\"])],axis=1)       \n",
    "        curr_stays.columns = [\"in\",\"out\",\"in_index\",\"out_index\"]\n",
    "        curr_stays = curr_stays[curr_stays[\"out\"] - curr_stays[\"in\"]> timedelta(seconds=timeFilt )]\n",
    "        curr_stays[\"length\"] = curr_stays[\"out\"] - curr_stays[\"in\"]\n",
    "        curr_stays[\"Position\"] = position\n",
    "        unsorted_stays = unsorted_stays.append(curr_stays)\n",
    "        \n",
    "        sorted_stays = unsorted_stays.sort_index()\n",
    "        \n",
    "    return sorted_stays\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Test time filter of 5 second"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n",
       "window.mpl = {};\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.get_websocket_type = function() {\n",
       "    if (typeof(WebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
       "        return WebSocket;\n",
       "    } else if (typeof(MozWebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
       "        return MozWebSocket;\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "        alert('Your browser does not have WebSocket support.' +\n",
       "              'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n",
       "              'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n",
       "              'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.');\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure = function(figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n",
       "    this.id = figure_id;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws = websocket;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.supports_binary = (this.ws.binaryType != undefined);\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (!this.supports_binary) {\n",
       "        var warnings = document.getElementById(\"mpl-warnings\");\n",
       "        if (warnings) {\n",
       "            warnings.style.display = 'block';\n",
       "            warnings.textContent = (\n",
       "                \"This browser does not support binary websocket messages. \" +\n",
       "                    \"Performance may be slow.\");\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj = new Image();\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.context = undefined;\n",
       "    this.message = undefined;\n",
       "    this.canvas = undefined;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n",
       "    this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.image_mode = 'full';\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.root = $('<div/>');\n",
       "    this._root_extra_style(this.root)\n",
       "    this.root.attr('style', 'display: inline-block');\n",
       "\n",
       "    $(parent_element).append(this.root);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._init_header(this);\n",
       "    this._init_canvas(this);\n",
       "    this._init_toolbar(this);\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.waiting = false;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws.onopen =  function () {\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"supports_binary\", {value: fig.supports_binary});\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"send_image_mode\", {});\n",
       "            if (mpl.ratio != 1) {\n",
       "                fig.send_message(\"set_dpi_ratio\", {'dpi_ratio': mpl.ratio});\n",
       "            }\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj.onload = function() {\n",
       "            if (fig.image_mode == 'full') {\n",
       "                // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n",
       "                // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n",
       "                // there is no ghosting.\n",
       "                fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "            fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n",
       "        };\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj.onunload = function() {\n",
       "        fig.ws.close();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ondownload = ondownload;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function() {\n",
       "    var titlebar = $(\n",
       "        '<div class=\"ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ' +\n",
       "        'ui-helper-clearfix\"/>');\n",
       "    var titletext = $(\n",
       "        '<div class=\"ui-dialog-title\" style=\"width: 100%; ' +\n",
       "        'text-align: center; padding: 3px;\"/>');\n",
       "    titlebar.append(titletext)\n",
       "    this.root.append(titlebar);\n",
       "    this.header = titletext[0];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var canvas_div = $('<div/>');\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.attr('style', 'position: relative; clear: both; outline: 0');\n",
       "\n",
       "    function canvas_keyboard_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.key_event(event, event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.keydown('key_press', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
       "    canvas_div.keyup('key_release', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
       "    this.canvas_div = canvas_div\n",
       "    this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div)\n",
       "    this.root.append(canvas_div);\n",
       "\n",
       "    var canvas = $('<canvas/>');\n",
       "    canvas.addClass('mpl-canvas');\n",
       "    canvas.attr('style', \"left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 0; outline: 0\")\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.canvas = canvas[0];\n",
       "    this.context = canvas[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
       "\n",
       "    var backingStore = this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.backingStorePixelRatio || 1;\n",
       "\n",
       "    mpl.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var rubberband = $('<canvas/>');\n",
       "    rubberband.attr('style', \"position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;\")\n",
       "\n",
       "    var pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.resizable({\n",
       "        start: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            pass_mouse_events = false;\n",
       "        },\n",
       "        resize: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
       "        },\n",
       "        stop: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
       "            fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
       "        },\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    function mouse_event_fn(event) {\n",
       "        if (pass_mouse_events)\n",
       "            return fig.mouse_event(event, event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    rubberband.mousedown('button_press', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseup('button_release', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n",
       "    rubberband.mousemove('motion_notify', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseenter('figure_enter', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseleave('figure_leave', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.on(\"wheel\", function (event) {\n",
       "        event = event.originalEvent;\n",
       "        event['data'] = 'scroll'\n",
       "        if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n",
       "            event.step = 1;\n",
       "        } else {\n",
       "            event.step = -1;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        mouse_event_fn(event);\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.append(canvas);\n",
       "    canvas_div.append(rubberband);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.rubberband = rubberband;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_canvas = rubberband[0];\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context = rubberband[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = \"#000000\";\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._resize_canvas = function(width, height) {\n",
       "        // Keep the size of the canvas, canvas container, and rubber band\n",
       "        // canvas in synch.\n",
       "        canvas_div.css('width', width)\n",
       "        canvas_div.css('height', height)\n",
       "\n",
       "        canvas.attr('width', width * mpl.ratio);\n",
       "        canvas.attr('height', height * mpl.ratio);\n",
       "        canvas.attr('style', 'width: ' + width + 'px; height: ' + height + 'px;');\n",
       "\n",
       "        rubberband.attr('width', width);\n",
       "        rubberband.attr('height', height);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Set the figure to an initial 600x600px, this will subsequently be updated\n",
       "    // upon first draw.\n",
       "    this._resize_canvas(600, 600);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Disable right mouse context menu.\n",
       "    $(this.rubberband_canvas).bind(\"contextmenu\",function(e){\n",
       "        return false;\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    function set_focus () {\n",
       "        canvas.focus();\n",
       "        canvas_div.focus();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var nav_element = $('<div/>')\n",
       "    nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
       "    this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
       "    function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n",
       "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
       "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
       "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
       "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (!name) {\n",
       "            // put a spacer in here.\n",
       "            continue;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        var button = $('<button/>');\n",
       "        button.addClass('ui-button ui-widget ui-state-default ui-corner-all ' +\n",
       "                        'ui-button-icon-only');\n",
       "        button.attr('role', 'button');\n",
       "        button.attr('aria-disabled', 'false');\n",
       "        button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
       "        button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "\n",
       "        var icon_img = $('<span/>');\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass('ui-button-icon-primary ui-icon');\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass(image);\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass('ui-corner-all');\n",
       "\n",
       "        var tooltip_span = $('<span/>');\n",
       "        tooltip_span.addClass('ui-button-text');\n",
       "        tooltip_span.html(tooltip);\n",
       "\n",
       "        button.append(icon_img);\n",
       "        button.append(tooltip_span);\n",
       "\n",
       "        nav_element.append(button);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fmt_picker_span = $('<span/>');\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fmt_picker = $('<select/>');\n",
       "    fmt_picker.addClass('mpl-toolbar-option ui-widget ui-widget-content');\n",
       "    fmt_picker_span.append(fmt_picker);\n",
       "    nav_element.append(fmt_picker_span);\n",
       "    this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "    for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n",
       "        var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n",
       "        var option = $(\n",
       "            '<option/>', {selected: fmt === mpl.default_extension}).html(fmt);\n",
       "        fmt_picker.append(option)\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add hover states to the ui-buttons\n",
       "    $( \".ui-button\" ).hover(\n",
       "        function() { $(this).addClass(\"ui-state-hover\");},\n",
       "        function() { $(this).removeClass(\"ui-state-hover\");}\n",
       "    );\n",
       "\n",
       "    var status_bar = $('<span class=\"mpl-message\"/>');\n",
       "    nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
       "    this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function(x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n",
       "    // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n",
       "    // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n",
       "    this.send_message('resize', {'width': x_pixels, 'height': y_pixels});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function(type, properties) {\n",
       "    properties['type'] = type;\n",
       "    properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n",
       "    this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function() {\n",
       "    if (!this.waiting) {\n",
       "        this.waiting = true;\n",
       "        this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({type: \"draw\", figure_id: this.id}));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n",
       "    var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n",
       "    fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var size = msg['size'];\n",
       "    if (size[0] != fig.canvas.width || size[1] != fig.canvas.height) {\n",
       "        fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1]);\n",
       "        fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var x0 = msg['x0'] / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var x1 = msg['x1'] / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n",
       "    y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n",
       "    x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n",
       "    y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n",
       "    var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n",
       "    var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n",
       "    var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n",
       "    var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n",
       "        0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    // Updates the figure title.\n",
       "    fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var cursor = msg['cursor'];\n",
       "    switch(cursor)\n",
       "    {\n",
       "    case 0:\n",
       "        cursor = 'pointer';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 1:\n",
       "        cursor = 'default';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 2:\n",
       "        cursor = 'crosshair';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 3:\n",
       "        cursor = 'move';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = cursor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n",
       "    fig.send_draw_message();\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
       "    // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n",
       "    this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n",
       "// Called in the figure constructor.\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function(fig) {\n",
       "    return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n",
       "        if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n",
       "            /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n",
       "             * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n",
       "             * Chrome.  But how to set the MIME type?  It doesn't seem\n",
       "             * to be part of the websocket stream */\n",
       "            evt.data.type = \"image/png\";\n",
       "\n",
       "            /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n",
       "            if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n",
       "                (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n",
       "                    fig.imageObj.src);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "\n",
       "            fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n",
       "                evt.data);\n",
       "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
       "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        else if (typeof evt.data === 'string' && evt.data.slice(0, 21) == \"data:image/png;base64\") {\n",
       "            fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n",
       "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
       "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n",
       "        var msg_type = msg['type'];\n",
       "\n",
       "        // Call the  \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n",
       "        // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n",
       "        try {\n",
       "            var callback = fig[\"handle_\" + msg_type];\n",
       "        } catch (e) {\n",
       "            console.log(\"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \", msg);\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (callback) {\n",
       "            try {\n",
       "                // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n",
       "                callback(fig, msg);\n",
       "            } catch (e) {\n",
       "                console.log(\"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\", e, e.stack, msg);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\n",
       "mpl.findpos = function(e) {\n",
       "    //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n",
       "    var targ;\n",
       "    if (!e)\n",
       "        e = window.event;\n",
       "    if (e.target)\n",
       "        targ = e.target;\n",
       "    else if (e.srcElement)\n",
       "        targ = e.srcElement;\n",
       "    if (targ.nodeType == 3) // defeat Safari bug\n",
       "        targ = targ.parentNode;\n",
       "\n",
       "    // jQuery normalizes the pageX and pageY\n",
       "    // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n",
       "    // offset() returns the position of the element relative to the document\n",
       "    var x = e.pageX - $(targ).offset().left;\n",
       "    var y = e.pageY - $(targ).offset().top;\n",
       "\n",
       "    return {\"x\": x, \"y\": y};\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "/*\n",
       " * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n",
       " * we need this to avoid circular references\n",
       " * http://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n",
       " */\n",
       "function simpleKeys (original) {\n",
       "  return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n",
       "    if (typeof original[key] !== 'object')\n",
       "        obj[key] = original[key]\n",
       "    return obj;\n",
       "  }, {});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event)\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (name === 'button_press')\n",
       "    {\n",
       "        this.canvas.focus();\n",
       "        this.canvas_div.focus();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var x = canvas_pos.x * mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y = canvas_pos.y * mpl.ratio;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.send_message(name, {x: x, y: y, button: event.button,\n",
       "                             step: event.step,\n",
       "                             guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
       "\n",
       "    /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n",
       "     * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed.  We want\n",
       "     * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n",
       "     * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n",
       "    event.preventDefault();\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function(event, name) {\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Prevent repeat events\n",
       "    if (name == 'key_press')\n",
       "    {\n",
       "        if (event.which === this._key)\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        else\n",
       "            this._key = event.which;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    if (name == 'key_release')\n",
       "        this._key = null;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var value = '';\n",
       "    if (event.ctrlKey && event.which != 17)\n",
       "        value += \"ctrl+\";\n",
       "    if (event.altKey && event.which != 18)\n",
       "        value += \"alt+\";\n",
       "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which != 16)\n",
       "        value += \"shift+\";\n",
       "\n",
       "    value += 'k';\n",
       "    value += event.which.toString();\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.send_message(name, {key: value,\n",
       "                             guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function(name) {\n",
       "    if (name == 'download') {\n",
       "        this.handle_save(this, null);\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "        this.send_message(\"toolbar_button\", {name: name});\n",
       "    }\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function(tooltip) {\n",
       "    this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n",
       "};\n",
       "mpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to  previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Pan axes with left mouse, zoom with right\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.default_extension = \"png\";var comm_websocket_adapter = function(comm) {\n",
       "    // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n",
       "    // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n",
       "    // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n",
       "    var ws = {};\n",
       "\n",
       "    ws.close = function() {\n",
       "        comm.close()\n",
       "    };\n",
       "    ws.send = function(m) {\n",
       "        //console.log('sending', m);\n",
       "        comm.send(m);\n",
       "    };\n",
       "    // Register the callback with on_msg.\n",
       "    comm.on_msg(function(msg) {\n",
       "        //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n",
       "        // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n",
       "        ws.onmessage(msg['content']['data'])\n",
       "    });\n",
       "    return ws;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.mpl_figure_comm = function(comm, msg) {\n",
       "    // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n",
       "    // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n",
       "\n",
       "    var id = msg.content.data.id;\n",
       "    // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n",
       "    // socket was opened in Python.\n",
       "    var element = $(\"#\" + id);\n",
       "    var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm)\n",
       "\n",
       "    function ondownload(figure, format) {\n",
       "        window.open(figure.imageObj.src);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy,\n",
       "                           ondownload,\n",
       "                           element.get(0));\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n",
       "    // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n",
       "    ws_proxy.onopen();\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.parent_element = element.get(0);\n",
       "    fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"<div id='\" + id + \"'></div>\");\n",
       "    if (!fig.cell_info) {\n",
       "        console.error(\"Failed to find cell for figure\", id, fig);\n",
       "        return;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var output_index = fig.cell_info[2]\n",
       "    var cell = fig.cell_info[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var width = fig.canvas.width/mpl.ratio\n",
       "    fig.root.unbind('remove')\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n",
       "    fig.push_to_output();\n",
       "    var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
       "    // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n",
       "    // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n",
       "    IPython.keyboard_manager.enable()\n",
       "    $(fig.parent_element).html('<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">');\n",
       "    fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function(fig, msg){\n",
       "    fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n",
       "    // fig.ws.close()\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function(remove_interactive) {\n",
       "    // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n",
       "    var width = this.canvas.width/mpl.ratio\n",
       "    var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
       "    this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] = '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
       "    // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n",
       "    IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n",
       "    this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "    // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n",
       "    // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n",
       "    setTimeout(function () { fig.push_to_output() }, 1000);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var nav_element = $('<div/>')\n",
       "    nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
       "    this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
       "    function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items){\n",
       "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
       "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
       "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
       "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (!name) { continue; };\n",
       "\n",
       "        var button = $('<button class=\"btn btn-default\" href=\"#\" title=\"' + name + '\"><i class=\"fa ' + image + ' fa-lg\"></i></button>');\n",
       "        button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
       "        button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "        nav_element.append(button);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add the status bar.\n",
       "    var status_bar = $('<span class=\"mpl-message\" style=\"text-align:right; float: right;\"/>');\n",
       "    nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
       "    this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add the close button to the window.\n",
       "    var buttongrp = $('<div class=\"btn-group inline pull-right\"></div>');\n",
       "    var button = $('<button class=\"btn btn-mini btn-primary\" href=\"#\" title=\"Stop Interaction\"><i class=\"fa fa-power-off icon-remove icon-large\"></i></button>');\n",
       "    button.click(function (evt) { fig.handle_close(fig, {}); } );\n",
       "    button.mouseover('Stop Interaction', toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "    buttongrp.append(button);\n",
       "    var titlebar = this.root.find($('.ui-dialog-titlebar'));\n",
       "    titlebar.prepend(buttongrp);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(el){\n",
       "    var fig = this\n",
       "    el.on(\"remove\", function(){\n",
       "\tfig.close_ws(fig, {});\n",
       "    });\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(el){\n",
       "    // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n",
       "    el.attr('tabindex', 0)\n",
       "    // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n",
       "    // off when our div gets focus\n",
       "\n",
       "    // location in version 3\n",
       "    if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n",
       "        IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    else {\n",
       "        // location in version 2\n",
       "        IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    var manager = IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager;\n",
       "    if (!manager)\n",
       "        manager = IPython.keyboard_manager;\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Check for shift+enter\n",
       "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which == 13) {\n",
       "        this.canvas_div.blur();\n",
       "        event.shiftKey = false;\n",
       "        // Send a \"J\" for go to next cell\n",
       "        event.which = 74;\n",
       "        event.keyCode = 74;\n",
       "        manager.command_mode();\n",
       "        manager.handle_keydown(event);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.find_output_cell = function(html_output) {\n",
       "    // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n",
       "    // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n",
       "    // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n",
       "    // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n",
       "    var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n",
       "    var ncells = cells.length;\n",
       "    for (var i=0; i<ncells; i++) {\n",
       "        var cell = cells[i];\n",
       "        if (cell.cell_type === 'code'){\n",
       "            for (var j=0; j<cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n",
       "                var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n",
       "                if (data.data) {\n",
       "                    // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n",
       "                    data = data.data;\n",
       "                }\n",
       "                if (data['text/html'] == html_output) {\n",
       "                    return [cell, data, j];\n",
       "                }\n",
       "            }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n",
       "// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\n",
       "if (IPython.notebook.kernel != null) {\n",
       "    IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target('matplotlib', mpl.mpl_figure_comm);\n",
       "}\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div id='5db9741a-179f-4754-9b03-54870923fe98'></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from datetime import datetime\n",
    "\n",
    "timeFilter = 5 \n",
    "sorted_stays = removeNonStays(timeFilter)\n",
    "left_stays = sorted_stays[sorted_stays[\"Position\"] == \"left\"]\n",
    "\n",
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots()\n",
    "Nbins = 30; transp = 0.5\n",
    "left_hist = map(int,left_stays[\"length\"].astype('timedelta64[s]'))\n",
    "n, bins, patches = ax.hist(left_hist , bins=Nbins, facecolor='red', alpha=transp, histtype='bar')\n",
    "\n",
    "plt.suptitle(\"Urinal Stay Length > 5 seconds\")\n",
    "plt.xlabel('Length of Stay (s)',fontsize=15)\n",
    "plt.ylabel( 'Frequency')\n",
    "ax.set_xlim([timeFilter,73]); \n",
    "# fig.savefig('Images/Stays_greaterthan5_secs.png')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Time filter for 10 seconds"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>in</th>\n",
       "      <th>out</th>\n",
       "      <th>in_index</th>\n",
       "      <th>out_index</th>\n",
       "      <th>length</th>\n",
       "      <th>Position</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-23 17:05:18</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-23 17:05:52</td>\n",
       "      <td>2509</td>\n",
       "      <td>2814</td>\n",
       "      <td>00:00:34</td>\n",
       "      <td>left</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-23 17:06:30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-23 17:07:12</td>\n",
       "      <td>3148</td>\n",
       "      <td>3520</td>\n",
       "      <td>00:00:42</td>\n",
       "      <td>left</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>37</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-23 17:03:22</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-23 17:03:48</td>\n",
       "      <td>1487</td>\n",
       "      <td>1719</td>\n",
       "      <td>00:00:26</td>\n",
       "      <td>right</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>44</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-23 17:04:28</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-23 17:05:15</td>\n",
       "      <td>2073</td>\n",
       "      <td>2486</td>\n",
       "      <td>00:00:47</td>\n",
       "      <td>right</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>69</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-23 17:40:15</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017-11-23 17:40:52</td>\n",
       "      <td>21033</td>\n",
       "      <td>21364</td>\n",
       "      <td>00:00:37</td>\n",
       "      <td>left</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                    in                 out  in_index  out_index   length  \\\n",
       "23 2017-11-23 17:05:18 2017-11-23 17:05:52      2509       2814 00:00:34   \n",
       "28 2017-11-23 17:06:30 2017-11-23 17:07:12      3148       3520 00:00:42   \n",
       "37 2017-11-23 17:03:22 2017-11-23 17:03:48      1487       1719 00:00:26   \n",
       "44 2017-11-23 17:04:28 2017-11-23 17:05:15      2073       2486 00:00:47   \n",
       "69 2017-11-23 17:40:15 2017-11-23 17:40:52     21033      21364 00:00:37   \n",
       "\n",
       "   Position  \n",
       "23     left  \n",
       "28     left  \n",
       "37    right  \n",
       "44    right  \n",
       "69     left  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "timeFilter = 10\n",
    "sorted_stays = removeNonStays(timeFilter)\n",
    "\n",
    "removeNonStays(timeFilter).head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pickle_full = \"Data Files/sorted_stays.p\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "You've already pickled!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if os.path.isfile(pickle_full):\n",
    "    print(\"You've already pickled!\")\n",
    "   \n",
    "else:\n",
    "    sorted_stays.to_pickle(pickle_full)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Plot the Mean Temperatures to visualise noise over whole period"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "$(document).ready(\n",
       "    function() {\n",
       "        function appendUniqueDiv(){\n",
       "            // append a div with our uuid so we can check that it's already\n",
       "            // been sent and avoid duplicates on page reload\n",
       "            var notifiedDiv = document.createElement(\"div\")\n",
       "            notifiedDiv.id = \"1074073c-c71e-4a20-b4ea-af98e479fa00\"\n",
       "            element.append(notifiedDiv)\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        // only send notifications if the pageload is complete; this will\n",
       "        // help stop extra notifications when a saved notebook is loaded,\n",
       "        // which during testing gives us state \"interactive\", not \"complete\"\n",
       "        if (document.readyState === 'complete') {\n",
       "            // check for the div that signifies that the notification\n",
       "            // was already sent\n",
       "            if (document.getElementById(\"1074073c-c71e-4a20-b4ea-af98e479fa00\") === null) {\n",
       "                var notificationPayload = {\"body\": \"Cell Execution Has Finished!!\", \"requireInteraction\": false, \"icon\": \"/static/base/images/favicon.ico\", \"autonotify_after\": \"30\", \"autonotify_output\": false};\n",
       "                if (Notification.permission !== 'denied') {\n",
       "                    if (Notification.permission !== 'granted') { \n",
       "                        Notification.requestPermission(function (permission) {\n",
       "                            if(!('permission' in Notification)) {\n",
       "                                Notification.permission = permission\n",
       "                            }\n",
       "                        })\n",
       "                    }\n",
       "                    if (Notification.permission === 'granted') {\n",
       "                    var notification = new Notification(\"Jupyter Notebook\", notificationPayload)\n",
       "                    appendUniqueDiv()\n",
       "                    notification.onclick = function () {\n",
       "                        window.focus();\n",
       "                        this.close();\n",
       "                        };\n",
       "                    } \n",
       "                }     \n",
       "            }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    }\n",
       ")\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df = df[df[\"time\"].dt.day != 23]\n",
    "temp_inst = df.iloc[:,1:].mean(axis=1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n",
       "window.mpl = {};\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.get_websocket_type = function() {\n",
       "    if (typeof(WebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
       "        return WebSocket;\n",
       "    } else if (typeof(MozWebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
       "        return MozWebSocket;\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "        alert('Your browser does not have WebSocket support.' +\n",
       "              'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n",
       "              'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n",
       "              'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.');\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure = function(figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n",
       "    this.id = figure_id;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws = websocket;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.supports_binary = (this.ws.binaryType != undefined);\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (!this.supports_binary) {\n",
       "        var warnings = document.getElementById(\"mpl-warnings\");\n",
       "        if (warnings) {\n",
       "            warnings.style.display = 'block';\n",
       "            warnings.textContent = (\n",
       "                \"This browser does not support binary websocket messages. \" +\n",
       "                    \"Performance may be slow.\");\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj = new Image();\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.context = undefined;\n",
       "    this.message = undefined;\n",
       "    this.canvas = undefined;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n",
       "    this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.image_mode = 'full';\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.root = $('<div/>');\n",
       "    this._root_extra_style(this.root)\n",
       "    this.root.attr('style', 'display: inline-block');\n",
       "\n",
       "    $(parent_element).append(this.root);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._init_header(this);\n",
       "    this._init_canvas(this);\n",
       "    this._init_toolbar(this);\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.waiting = false;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws.onopen =  function () {\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"supports_binary\", {value: fig.supports_binary});\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"send_image_mode\", {});\n",
       "            if (mpl.ratio != 1) {\n",
       "                fig.send_message(\"set_dpi_ratio\", {'dpi_ratio': mpl.ratio});\n",
       "            }\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj.onload = function() {\n",
       "            if (fig.image_mode == 'full') {\n",
       "                // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n",
       "                // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n",
       "                // there is no ghosting.\n",
       "                fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "            fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n",
       "        };\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj.onunload = function() {\n",
       "        fig.ws.close();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ondownload = ondownload;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function() {\n",
       "    var titlebar = $(\n",
       "        '<div class=\"ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ' +\n",
       "        'ui-helper-clearfix\"/>');\n",
       "    var titletext = $(\n",
       "        '<div class=\"ui-dialog-title\" style=\"width: 100%; ' +\n",
       "        'text-align: center; padding: 3px;\"/>');\n",
       "    titlebar.append(titletext)\n",
       "    this.root.append(titlebar);\n",
       "    this.header = titletext[0];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var canvas_div = $('<div/>');\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.attr('style', 'position: relative; clear: both; outline: 0');\n",
       "\n",
       "    function canvas_keyboard_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.key_event(event, event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.keydown('key_press', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
       "    canvas_div.keyup('key_release', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
       "    this.canvas_div = canvas_div\n",
       "    this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div)\n",
       "    this.root.append(canvas_div);\n",
       "\n",
       "    var canvas = $('<canvas/>');\n",
       "    canvas.addClass('mpl-canvas');\n",
       "    canvas.attr('style', \"left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 0; outline: 0\")\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.canvas = canvas[0];\n",
       "    this.context = canvas[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
       "\n",
       "    var backingStore = this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.backingStorePixelRatio || 1;\n",
       "\n",
       "    mpl.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var rubberband = $('<canvas/>');\n",
       "    rubberband.attr('style', \"position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;\")\n",
       "\n",
       "    var pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.resizable({\n",
       "        start: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            pass_mouse_events = false;\n",
       "        },\n",
       "        resize: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
       "        },\n",
       "        stop: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
       "            fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
       "        },\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    function mouse_event_fn(event) {\n",
       "        if (pass_mouse_events)\n",
       "            return fig.mouse_event(event, event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    rubberband.mousedown('button_press', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseup('button_release', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n",
       "    rubberband.mousemove('motion_notify', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseenter('figure_enter', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseleave('figure_leave', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.on(\"wheel\", function (event) {\n",
       "        event = event.originalEvent;\n",
       "        event['data'] = 'scroll'\n",
       "        if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n",
       "            event.step = 1;\n",
       "        } else {\n",
       "            event.step = -1;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        mouse_event_fn(event);\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.append(canvas);\n",
       "    canvas_div.append(rubberband);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.rubberband = rubberband;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_canvas = rubberband[0];\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context = rubberband[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = \"#000000\";\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._resize_canvas = function(width, height) {\n",
       "        // Keep the size of the canvas, canvas container, and rubber band\n",
       "        // canvas in synch.\n",
       "        canvas_div.css('width', width)\n",
       "        canvas_div.css('height', height)\n",
       "\n",
       "        canvas.attr('width', width * mpl.ratio);\n",
       "        canvas.attr('height', height * mpl.ratio);\n",
       "        canvas.attr('style', 'width: ' + width + 'px; height: ' + height + 'px;');\n",
       "\n",
       "        rubberband.attr('width', width);\n",
       "        rubberband.attr('height', height);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Set the figure to an initial 600x600px, this will subsequently be updated\n",
       "    // upon first draw.\n",
       "    this._resize_canvas(600, 600);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Disable right mouse context menu.\n",
       "    $(this.rubberband_canvas).bind(\"contextmenu\",function(e){\n",
       "        return false;\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    function set_focus () {\n",
       "        canvas.focus();\n",
       "        canvas_div.focus();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var nav_element = $('<div/>')\n",
       "    nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
       "    this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
       "    function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n",
       "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
       "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
       "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
       "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (!name) {\n",
       "            // put a spacer in here.\n",
       "            continue;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        var button = $('<button/>');\n",
       "        button.addClass('ui-button ui-widget ui-state-default ui-corner-all ' +\n",
       "                        'ui-button-icon-only');\n",
       "        button.attr('role', 'button');\n",
       "        button.attr('aria-disabled', 'false');\n",
       "        button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
       "        button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "\n",
       "        var icon_img = $('<span/>');\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass('ui-button-icon-primary ui-icon');\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass(image);\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass('ui-corner-all');\n",
       "\n",
       "        var tooltip_span = $('<span/>');\n",
       "        tooltip_span.addClass('ui-button-text');\n",
       "        tooltip_span.html(tooltip);\n",
       "\n",
       "        button.append(icon_img);\n",
       "        button.append(tooltip_span);\n",
       "\n",
       "        nav_element.append(button);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fmt_picker_span = $('<span/>');\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fmt_picker = $('<select/>');\n",
       "    fmt_picker.addClass('mpl-toolbar-option ui-widget ui-widget-content');\n",
       "    fmt_picker_span.append(fmt_picker);\n",
       "    nav_element.append(fmt_picker_span);\n",
       "    this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "    for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n",
       "        var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n",
       "        var option = $(\n",
       "            '<option/>', {selected: fmt === mpl.default_extension}).html(fmt);\n",
       "        fmt_picker.append(option)\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add hover states to the ui-buttons\n",
       "    $( \".ui-button\" ).hover(\n",
       "        function() { $(this).addClass(\"ui-state-hover\");},\n",
       "        function() { $(this).removeClass(\"ui-state-hover\");}\n",
       "    );\n",
       "\n",
       "    var status_bar = $('<span class=\"mpl-message\"/>');\n",
       "    nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
       "    this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function(x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n",
       "    // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n",
       "    // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n",
       "    this.send_message('resize', {'width': x_pixels, 'height': y_pixels});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function(type, properties) {\n",
       "    properties['type'] = type;\n",
       "    properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n",
       "    this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function() {\n",
       "    if (!this.waiting) {\n",
       "        this.waiting = true;\n",
       "        this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({type: \"draw\", figure_id: this.id}));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n",
       "    var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n",
       "    fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var size = msg['size'];\n",
       "    if (size[0] != fig.canvas.width || size[1] != fig.canvas.height) {\n",
       "        fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1]);\n",
       "        fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var x0 = msg['x0'] / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var x1 = msg['x1'] / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n",
       "    y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n",
       "    x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n",
       "    y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n",
       "    var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n",
       "    var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n",
       "    var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n",
       "    var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n",
       "        0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    // Updates the figure title.\n",
       "    fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var cursor = msg['cursor'];\n",
       "    switch(cursor)\n",
       "    {\n",
       "    case 0:\n",
       "        cursor = 'pointer';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 1:\n",
       "        cursor = 'default';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 2:\n",
       "        cursor = 'crosshair';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 3:\n",
       "        cursor = 'move';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = cursor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n",
       "    fig.send_draw_message();\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
       "    // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n",
       "    this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n",
       "// Called in the figure constructor.\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function(fig) {\n",
       "    return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n",
       "        if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n",
       "            /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n",
       "             * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n",
       "             * Chrome.  But how to set the MIME type?  It doesn't seem\n",
       "             * to be part of the websocket stream */\n",
       "            evt.data.type = \"image/png\";\n",
       "\n",
       "            /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n",
       "            if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n",
       "                (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n",
       "                    fig.imageObj.src);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "\n",
       "            fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n",
       "                evt.data);\n",
       "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
       "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        else if (typeof evt.data === 'string' && evt.data.slice(0, 21) == \"data:image/png;base64\") {\n",
       "            fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n",
       "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
       "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n",
       "        var msg_type = msg['type'];\n",
       "\n",
       "        // Call the  \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n",
       "        // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n",
       "        try {\n",
       "            var callback = fig[\"handle_\" + msg_type];\n",
       "        } catch (e) {\n",
       "            console.log(\"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \", msg);\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (callback) {\n",
       "            try {\n",
       "                // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n",
       "                callback(fig, msg);\n",
       "            } catch (e) {\n",
       "                console.log(\"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\", e, e.stack, msg);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\n",
       "mpl.findpos = function(e) {\n",
       "    //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n",
       "    var targ;\n",
       "    if (!e)\n",
       "        e = window.event;\n",
       "    if (e.target)\n",
       "        targ = e.target;\n",
       "    else if (e.srcElement)\n",
       "        targ = e.srcElement;\n",
       "    if (targ.nodeType == 3) // defeat Safari bug\n",
       "        targ = targ.parentNode;\n",
       "\n",
       "    // jQuery normalizes the pageX and pageY\n",
       "    // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n",
       "    // offset() returns the position of the element relative to the document\n",
       "    var x = e.pageX - $(targ).offset().left;\n",
       "    var y = e.pageY - $(targ).offset().top;\n",
       "\n",
       "    return {\"x\": x, \"y\": y};\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "/*\n",
       " * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n",
       " * we need this to avoid circular references\n",
       " * http://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n",
       " */\n",
       "function simpleKeys (original) {\n",
       "  return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n",
       "    if (typeof original[key] !== 'object')\n",
       "        obj[key] = original[key]\n",
       "    return obj;\n",
       "  }, {});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event)\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (name === 'button_press')\n",
       "    {\n",
       "        this.canvas.focus();\n",
       "        this.canvas_div.focus();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var x = canvas_pos.x * mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y = canvas_pos.y * mpl.ratio;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.send_message(name, {x: x, y: y, button: event.button,\n",
       "                             step: event.step,\n",
       "                             guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
       "\n",
       "    /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n",
       "     * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed.  We want\n",
       "     * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n",
       "     * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n",
       "    event.preventDefault();\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function(event, name) {\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Prevent repeat events\n",
       "    if (name == 'key_press')\n",
       "    {\n",
       "        if (event.which === this._key)\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        else\n",
       "            this._key = event.which;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    if (name == 'key_release')\n",
       "        this._key = null;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var value = '';\n",
       "    if (event.ctrlKey && event.which != 17)\n",
       "        value += \"ctrl+\";\n",
       "    if (event.altKey && event.which != 18)\n",
       "        value += \"alt+\";\n",
       "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which != 16)\n",
       "        value += \"shift+\";\n",
       "\n",
       "    value += 'k';\n",
       "    value += event.which.toString();\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.send_message(name, {key: value,\n",
       "                             guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function(name) {\n",
       "    if (name == 'download') {\n",
       "        this.handle_save(this, null);\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "        this.send_message(\"toolbar_button\", {name: name});\n",
       "    }\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function(tooltip) {\n",
       "    this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n",
       "};\n",
       "mpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to  previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Pan axes with left mouse, zoom with right\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.default_extension = \"png\";var comm_websocket_adapter = function(comm) {\n",
       "    // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n",
       "    // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n",
       "    // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n",
       "    var ws = {};\n",
       "\n",
       "    ws.close = function() {\n",
       "        comm.close()\n",
       "    };\n",
       "    ws.send = function(m) {\n",
       "        //console.log('sending', m);\n",
       "        comm.send(m);\n",
       "    };\n",
       "    // Register the callback with on_msg.\n",
       "    comm.on_msg(function(msg) {\n",
       "        //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n",
       "        // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n",
       "        ws.onmessage(msg['content']['data'])\n",
       "    });\n",
       "    return ws;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.mpl_figure_comm = function(comm, msg) {\n",
       "    // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n",
       "    // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n",
       "\n",
       "    var id = msg.content.data.id;\n",
       "    // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n",
       "    // socket was opened in Python.\n",
       "    var element = $(\"#\" + id);\n",
       "    var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm)\n",
       "\n",
       "    function ondownload(figure, format) {\n",
       "        window.open(figure.imageObj.src);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy,\n",
       "                           ondownload,\n",
       "                           element.get(0));\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n",
       "    // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n",
       "    ws_proxy.onopen();\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.parent_element = element.get(0);\n",
       "    fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"<div id='\" + id + \"'></div>\");\n",
       "    if (!fig.cell_info) {\n",
       "        console.error(\"Failed to find cell for figure\", id, fig);\n",
       "        return;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var output_index = fig.cell_info[2]\n",
       "    var cell = fig.cell_info[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var width = fig.canvas.width/mpl.ratio\n",
       "    fig.root.unbind('remove')\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n",
       "    fig.push_to_output();\n",
       "    var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
       "    // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n",
       "    // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n",
       "    IPython.keyboard_manager.enable()\n",
       "    $(fig.parent_element).html('<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">');\n",
       "    fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function(fig, msg){\n",
       "    fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n",
       "    // fig.ws.close()\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function(remove_interactive) {\n",
       "    // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n",
       "    var width = this.canvas.width/mpl.ratio\n",
       "    var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
       "    this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] = '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
       "    // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n",
       "    IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n",
       "    this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "    // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n",
       "    // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n",
       "    setTimeout(function () { fig.push_to_output() }, 1000);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var nav_element = $('<div/>')\n",
       "    nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
       "    this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
       "    function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items){\n",
       "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
       "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
       "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
       "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (!name) { continue; };\n",
       "\n",
       "        var button = $('<button class=\"btn btn-default\" href=\"#\" title=\"' + name + '\"><i class=\"fa ' + image + ' fa-lg\"></i></button>');\n",
       "        button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
       "        button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "        nav_element.append(button);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add the status bar.\n",
       "    var status_bar = $('<span class=\"mpl-message\" style=\"text-align:right; float: right;\"/>');\n",
       "    nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
       "    this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add the close button to the window.\n",
       "    var buttongrp = $('<div class=\"btn-group inline pull-right\"></div>');\n",
       "    var button = $('<button class=\"btn btn-mini btn-primary\" href=\"#\" title=\"Stop Interaction\"><i class=\"fa fa-power-off icon-remove icon-large\"></i></button>');\n",
       "    button.click(function (evt) { fig.handle_close(fig, {}); } );\n",
       "    button.mouseover('Stop Interaction', toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "    buttongrp.append(button);\n",
       "    var titlebar = this.root.find($('.ui-dialog-titlebar'));\n",
       "    titlebar.prepend(buttongrp);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(el){\n",
       "    var fig = this\n",
       "    el.on(\"remove\", function(){\n",
       "\tfig.close_ws(fig, {});\n",
       "    });\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(el){\n",
       "    // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n",
       "    el.attr('tabindex', 0)\n",
       "    // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n",
       "    // off when our div gets focus\n",
       "\n",
       "    // location in version 3\n",
       "    if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n",
       "        IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    else {\n",
       "        // location in version 2\n",
       "        IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    var manager = IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager;\n",
       "    if (!manager)\n",
       "        manager = IPython.keyboard_manager;\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Check for shift+enter\n",
       "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which == 13) {\n",
       "        this.canvas_div.blur();\n",
       "        event.shiftKey = false;\n",
       "        // Send a \"J\" for go to next cell\n",
       "        event.which = 74;\n",
       "        event.keyCode = 74;\n",
       "        manager.command_mode();\n",
       "        manager.handle_keydown(event);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.find_output_cell = function(html_output) {\n",
       "    // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n",
       "    // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n",
       "    // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n",
       "    // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n",
       "    var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n",
       "    var ncells = cells.length;\n",
       "    for (var i=0; i<ncells; i++) {\n",
       "        var cell = cells[i];\n",
       "        if (cell.cell_type === 'code'){\n",
       "            for (var j=0; j<cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n",
       "                var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n",
       "                if (data.data) {\n",
       "                    // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n",
       "                    data = data.data;\n",
       "                }\n",
       "                if (data['text/html'] == html_output) {\n",
       "                    return [cell, data, j];\n",
       "                }\n",
       "            }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n",
       "// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\n",
       "if (IPython.notebook.kernel != null) {\n",
       "    IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target('matplotlib', mpl.mpl_figure_comm);\n",
       "}\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div id='022dad49-d405-4b4a-868b-653cb0d7ff5a'></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "# plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (10,8)\n",
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots()\n",
    "\n",
    "plt.style.use('ggplot')\n",
    "fs = 10\n",
    "temp_insts, = plt.plot(temp_inst,linewidth=0.02, color='#ED495A')\n",
    "temp_hour, = plt.plot(temp_inst.rolling(window=3600*fs).mean(),linewidth=0.6, color=\"#6A4C4A\")\n",
    "plt.xlabel('Time ($f_s = 10Hz$)');\n",
    "plt.ylabel('Temperature ($\\circ$C)');\n",
    "plt.suptitle('Mean Temperatures over Measurement Period')\n",
    "\n",
    "xticks = df[\"time\"][df[\"time\"].dt.day != df[\"time\"].dt.day.shift()].index\n",
    "\n",
    "ax.set_xticks(xticks)\n",
    "def dayint_to_12hour(day):\n",
    "    return datetime.strptime(\"11 \"+str(day-1), \"%m %d\").strftime(\"%A\")\n",
    "\n",
    "xlabels = map(dayint_to_12hour,df[\"time\"].dt.day.unique());\n",
    "ax.set_xticklabels(xlabels,rotation=45,ha='left');\n",
    "temp_insts.set_label(\"Mean Temperature per Frame\")\n",
    "temp_hour.set_label(\"Hourly Temperatures (Rolling Average)\")\n",
    "leg = ax.legend();\n",
    "leg.legendHandles[0].set_linewidth(1.5)\n",
    "leg.legendHandles[1].set_linewidth(1.5)\n",
    "plt.ylim([21,25]);\n",
    "# fig.savefig('Images/Stays_per_Hour_day.png')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now go to __3 - Data Analysis__ to see the Results"
   ]
  }
 ],
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