diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/launcher/LauncherHelper.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/launcher/LauncherHelper.java
index cbcc61e332c84..3ba0758585e55 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/launcher/LauncherHelper.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/launcher/LauncherHelper.java
@@ -589,6 +589,15 @@ static void printXUsageMessage(boolean printToStderr) {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Prints the short usage text to the desired output stream.
+     */
+    static void printConciseUsageMessage(boolean printToStderr) {
+        initOutput(printToStderr);
+        ostream.println(getLocalizedMessage("java.launcher.opt.concise.header",
+                File.pathSeparator));
+    }
+
     static void initOutput(boolean printToStderr) {
         ostream =  (printToStderr) ? System.err : System.out;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/launcher/resources/launcher.properties b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/launcher/resources/launcher.properties
index 61ff563cb2419..e8dc89161fd13 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/launcher/resources/launcher.properties
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/launcher/resources/launcher.properties
@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@
 # Translators please note do not translate the options themselves
 java.launcher.opt.header  =   Usage: {0} [options] <mainclass> [args...]\n\
 \           (to execute a class)\n\
-\   or  {0} [options] -jar <jarfile> [args...]\n\
+\   or  {0} [options] -jar <jarfile>.jar [args...]\n\
 \           (to execute a jar file)\n\
 \   or  {0} [options] -m <module>[/<mainclass>] [args...]\n\
 \       {0} [options] --module <module>[/<mainclass>] [args...]\n\
 \           (to execute the main class in a module)\n\
-\   or  {0} [options] <sourcefile> [args]\n\
+\   or  {0} [options] <sourcefile>.java [args]\n\
 \           (to execute a source-file program)\n\n\
-\ Arguments following the main class, source file, -jar <jarfile>,\n\
+\ Arguments following the main class, source file, -jar <jarfile>.jar,\n\
 \ -m or --module <module>/<mainclass> are passed as the arguments to\n\
 \ main class.\n\n\
 \ where options include:\n\n
@@ -46,15 +46,15 @@ java.launcher.opt.footer = \
 \    -cp <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>\n\
 \    -classpath <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>\n\
 \    --class-path <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>\n\
-\                  A {0} separated list of directories, JAR archives,\n\
+\                  A "{0}"-separated list of directories, JAR archives,\n\
 \                  and ZIP archives to search for class files.\n\
 \    -p <module path>\n\
 \    --module-path <module path>...\n\
-\                  A {0} separated list of elements, each element is a file path\n\
+\                  A "{0}"-separated list of elements, each element is a file path\n\
 \                  to a module or a directory containing modules. Each module is either\n\
 \                  a modular JAR or an exploded-module directory.\n\
 \    --upgrade-module-path <module path>...\n\
-\                  A {0} separated list of elements, each element is a file path\n\
+\                  A "{0}"-separated list of elements, each element is a file path\n\
 \                  to a module or a directory containing modules to replace\n\
 \                  upgradeable modules in the runtime image. Each module is either\n\
 \                  a modular JAR or an exploded-module directory.\n\
@@ -232,6 +232,23 @@ The following options are macOS specific:\n\
 \    -Xdock:icon=<path to icon file>\n\
 \                      override default icon displayed in dock\n\n
 
+# Translators please note do not translate the options themselves
+java.launcher.opt.concise.header  =   Usage: java [java options...] <application> [application arguments...]\n\n\
+\Where <application> is one of:\n\
+\  <mainclass>                to execute the main method of a compiled main class\n\
+\  -jar <jarfile>.jar         to execute the main class of a JAR archive\n\
+\  -m <module>[/<mainclass>]  to execute the main class of a module\n\
+\  <sourcefile>.java          to compile and execute a source-file program\n\n\
+\Where key java options include:\n\
+\  --class-path <class path>\n\
+\    where <class path> is a list of directories and JAR archives to search for class files, separated by "{0}"\n\
+\  --module-path <module path>\n\
+\    where <module path> is a list of directories and JAR archives to search for modules, separated by "{0}"\n\
+\  -version\n\
+\    to print product version to the error stream and exit\n\n\
+\For additional help on usage:           java --help\n\
+\For an interactive Java environment:    jshell
+
 java.launcher.bad.option=\
 \n\
 Unrecognized showSettings option: {0}\n\
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/native/libjli/java.c b/src/java.base/share/native/libjli/java.c
index 3ceef480b47b8..2d1849fc34482 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/native/libjli/java.c
+++ b/src/java.base/share/native/libjli/java.c
@@ -63,11 +63,17 @@
 #define USE_STDERR JNI_TRUE     /* we usually print to stderr */
 #define USE_STDOUT JNI_FALSE
 
+enum HelpKind {
+    HELP_NONE,
+    HELP_CONCISE,
+    HELP_FULL,
+    HELP_EXTRA
+};
+
 static jboolean printVersion = JNI_FALSE; /* print and exit */
 static jboolean showVersion = JNI_FALSE;  /* print but continue */
-static jboolean printUsage = JNI_FALSE;   /* print and exit*/
+static enum HelpKind printUsageKind = HELP_NONE; /* if not NONE, print specified usage and exit*/
 static jboolean printTo = USE_STDERR;     /* where to print version/usage */
-static jboolean printXUsage = JNI_FALSE;  /* print and exit*/
 static jboolean dryRun = JNI_FALSE;       /* initialize VM and exit */
 static char     *showSettings = NULL;     /* print but continue */
 static jboolean showResolvedModules = JNI_FALSE;
@@ -120,7 +126,7 @@ static void TranslateApplicationArgs(int jargc, const char **jargv, int *pargc,
 static jboolean AddApplicationOptions(int cpathc, const char **cpathv);
 
 static void PrintJavaVersion(JNIEnv *env);
-static void PrintUsage(JNIEnv* env, jboolean doXUsage);
+static void PrintUsage(JNIEnv* env, enum HelpKind printUsageKind);
 static void ShowSettings(JNIEnv* env, char *optString);
 static void ShowResolvedModules(JNIEnv* env);
 static void ListModules(JNIEnv* env);
@@ -179,7 +185,7 @@ static jboolean IsWildCardEnabled();
     do { \
         if (!AC_ok) { \
             JLI_ReportErrorMessage(AC_failure_message, AC_questionable_arg); \
-            printUsage = JNI_FALSE; \
+            printUsageKind = HELP_NONE; \
             *pret = 1; \
             return JNI_FALSE; \
         } \
@@ -189,7 +195,7 @@ static jboolean IsWildCardEnabled();
     do { \
         if (AC_arg_count < 1) { \
             JLI_ReportErrorMessage(AC_failure_message, AC_questionable_arg); \
-            printUsage = JNI_TRUE; \
+            printUsageKind = HELP_FULL; \
             *pret = 1; \
             return JNI_TRUE; \
         } \
@@ -537,8 +543,8 @@ JavaMain(void* _args)
     }
 
     /* If the user specified neither a class name nor a JAR file */
-    if (printXUsage || printUsage || what == 0 || mode == LM_UNKNOWN) {
-        PrintUsage(env, printXUsage);
+    if (printUsageKind != HELP_NONE) {
+        PrintUsage(env, printUsageKind);
         CHECK_EXCEPTION_LEAVE(1);
         LEAVE();
     }
@@ -1235,10 +1241,10 @@ ParseArguments(int *pargc, char ***pargv,
         } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-help") == 0 ||
                    JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-h") == 0 ||
                    JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-?") == 0) {
-            printUsage = JNI_TRUE;
+            printUsageKind = HELP_FULL;
             return JNI_TRUE;
         } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "--help") == 0) {
-            printUsage = JNI_TRUE;
+            printUsageKind = HELP_FULL;
             printTo = USE_STDOUT;
             return JNI_TRUE;
         } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-version") == 0) {
@@ -1256,10 +1262,10 @@ ParseArguments(int *pargc, char ***pargv,
         } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "--dry-run") == 0) {
             dryRun = JNI_TRUE;
         } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-X") == 0) {
-            printXUsage = JNI_TRUE;
+            printUsageKind = HELP_EXTRA;
             return JNI_TRUE;
         } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "--help-extra") == 0) {
-            printXUsage = JNI_TRUE;
+            printUsageKind = HELP_EXTRA;
             printTo = USE_STDOUT;
             return JNI_TRUE;
 /*
@@ -1350,6 +1356,7 @@ ParseArguments(int *pargc, char ***pargv,
         /* LM_UNKNOWN okay for options that exit */
         if (!listModules && !describeModule && !validateModules && !dumpSharedSpaces) {
             *pret = 1;
+            printUsageKind = HELP_CONCISE;
         }
     } else if (mode == LM_UNKNOWN) {
         if (!_have_classpath) {
@@ -1919,58 +1926,68 @@ DescribeModule(JNIEnv *env, char *optString)
  * Prints default usage or the Xusage message, see sun.launcher.LauncherHelper.java
  */
 static void
-PrintUsage(JNIEnv* env, jboolean doXUsage)
+PrintUsage(JNIEnv* env, enum HelpKind printUsageKind)
 {
-  jmethodID initHelp, vmSelect, vmSynonym, printHelp, printXUsageMessage;
+  jmethodID initHelp, vmSelect, vmSynonym;
+  jmethodID printHelp, printConciseUsageMessage, printXUsageMessage;
   jstring jprogname, vm1, vm2;
   int i;
   jclass cls = GetLauncherHelperClass(env);
   NULL_CHECK(cls);
-  if (doXUsage) {
-    NULL_CHECK(printXUsageMessage = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
-                                        "printXUsageMessage", "(Z)V"));
-    (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, printXUsageMessage, printTo);
-  } else {
-    NULL_CHECK(initHelp = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
-                                        "initHelpMessage", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V"));
-
-    NULL_CHECK(vmSelect = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls, "appendVmSelectMessage",
-                                        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V"));
-
-    NULL_CHECK(vmSynonym = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
-                                        "appendVmSynonymMessage",
-                                        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V"));
-
-    NULL_CHECK(printHelp = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
-                                        "printHelpMessage", "(Z)V"));
-
-    NULL_CHECK(jprogname = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, _program_name));
-
-    /* Initialize the usage message with the usual preamble */
-    (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, initHelp, jprogname);
-    CHECK_EXCEPTION_RETURN();
-
-
-    /* Assemble the other variant part of the usage */
-    for (i=1; i<knownVMsCount; i++) {
-      if (knownVMs[i].flag == VM_KNOWN) {
-        NULL_CHECK(vm1 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[i].name));
-        NULL_CHECK(vm2 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[i].name+1));
-        (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, vmSelect, vm1, vm2);
-        CHECK_EXCEPTION_RETURN();
+  switch (printUsageKind) {
+    case HELP_NONE: break;
+    case HELP_CONCISE:
+      NULL_CHECK(printConciseUsageMessage = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
+                                          "printConciseUsageMessage", "(Z)V"));
+      (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, printConciseUsageMessage, printTo);
+      break;
+    case HELP_EXTRA:
+      NULL_CHECK(printXUsageMessage = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
+                                          "printXUsageMessage", "(Z)V"));
+      (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, printXUsageMessage, printTo);
+      break;
+    case HELP_FULL:
+      NULL_CHECK(initHelp = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
+                                          "initHelpMessage", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V"));
+
+      NULL_CHECK(vmSelect = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls, "appendVmSelectMessage",
+                                          "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V"));
+
+      NULL_CHECK(vmSynonym = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
+                                          "appendVmSynonymMessage",
+                                          "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V"));
+
+      NULL_CHECK(printHelp = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, cls,
+                                          "printHelpMessage", "(Z)V"));
+
+      NULL_CHECK(jprogname = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, _program_name));
+
+      /* Initialize the usage message with the usual preamble */
+      (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, initHelp, jprogname);
+      CHECK_EXCEPTION_RETURN();
+
+
+      /* Assemble the other variant part of the usage */
+      for (i=1; i<knownVMsCount; i++) {
+        if (knownVMs[i].flag == VM_KNOWN) {
+          NULL_CHECK(vm1 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[i].name));
+          NULL_CHECK(vm2 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[i].name+1));
+          (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, vmSelect, vm1, vm2);
+          CHECK_EXCEPTION_RETURN();
+        }
       }
-    }
-    for (i=1; i<knownVMsCount; i++) {
-      if (knownVMs[i].flag == VM_ALIASED_TO) {
-        NULL_CHECK(vm1 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[i].name));
-        NULL_CHECK(vm2 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[i].alias+1));
-        (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, vmSynonym, vm1, vm2);
-        CHECK_EXCEPTION_RETURN();
+      for (i=1; i<knownVMsCount; i++) {
+        if (knownVMs[i].flag == VM_ALIASED_TO) {
+          NULL_CHECK(vm1 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[i].name));
+          NULL_CHECK(vm2 =  (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, knownVMs[i].alias+1));
+          (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, vmSynonym, vm1, vm2);
+          CHECK_EXCEPTION_RETURN();
+        }
       }
-    }
 
-    /* Complete the usage message and print to stderr*/
-    (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, printHelp, printTo);
+      /* Complete the usage message and print to stderr*/
+      (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, cls, printHelp, printTo);
+      break;
   }
   return;
 }