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02-fixed-effects.Rmd
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02-fixed-effects.Rmd
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# Sensitivity analysis using fixed effects {#fixed-effects}
---
output:
pdf_document:
keep_tex: yes
fontfamily: mathpazo
fontsize: 9pt
---
\raggedright
## Overview
The primary analyses presented in this manuscript pooled across individual studies using random effects. Inferences about estimates from fixed effects models are restricted to only the included studies.[^1] The random effects approach is more conservative in the presence of study heterogeneity and has larger confidence intervals around each point estimate unless all cohort-specific estimates are very similiar. Overall, the inference from results produced by each method did not greatly differ.
```{r setup1, include=FALSE}
source(paste0(here::here(), "/0-config.R"))
library(knitr)
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)
```
## Age-specific prevalence
### Random effects
```{r, echo = FALSE}
include_graphics(paste0(fig_dir,"wasting/fig-wast-2-prev-overall_region--allage-primary.png"))
```
### Fixed effects
```{r prev-primary_FE, echo = FALSE}
include_graphics(paste0(fig_dir,"wasting/FE/fig-wast-2-prev-overall_region--allage-primary_FE.png"))
```
## Age-specific incidence
### Random effects
```{r, echo = FALSE}
include_graphics(paste0(fig_dir,"wasting/fig-wast-2-cuminc-overall_region--allage-primary.png"))
```
### Fixed effects
```{r, echo = FALSE}
include_graphics(paste0(fig_dir,"wasting/FE/fig-wast-2-cuminc-overall_region--allage-primary_FE.png"))
```
## Age-specific incidence rate
### Random effects
```{r, echo = FALSE}
include_graphics(paste0(fig_dir,"wasting/fig-wast-2-ir-overall_region--allage-primary.png"))
```
### Fixed effects
```{r, echo = FALSE}
include_graphics(paste0(fig_dir,"wasting/FE/fig-wast-2-ir-overall_region--allage-primary_FE.png"))
```
## Age-specific recovery
### Random effects
```{r, echo = FALSE}
include_graphics(paste0(fig_dir,"wasting/fig-wast-2-rec-overall_region--allage-primary.png"))
```
### Fixed effects
```{r, echo = FALSE}
include_graphics(paste0(fig_dir,"wasting/FE/fig-wast-2-rec-overall_region--allage-primary_FE.png"))
```
## Age-specific prevalence of severe wasting
### Random effects
```{r, echo = FALSE}
include_graphics(paste0(fig_dir,"wasting/fig-wast-3-prev-overall_region--allage-primary.png"))
```
### Fixed effects
```{r, echo = FALSE}
include_graphics(paste0(fig_dir,"wasting/FE/fig-wast-3-prev-overall_region--allage-primary_FE.png"))
```
## Age-specific longitudinal prevalence of persistent wasting
### Random effects
```{r, echo = FALSE}
include_graphics(paste0(fig_dir,"wasting/pooled_pers024.png"))
```
### Fixed effects
```{r, echo = FALSE}
include_graphics(paste0(fig_dir,"wasting/pooled_pers024_FE.png"))
```
## Age-specific prevalence of concurrent wasting and stunting
### Random effects
```{r, echo = FALSE}
include_graphics(paste0(fig_dir,"wasting/fig-wast-2-co-overall_region--allage-primary.png"))
```
### Fixed effects
```{r, echo = FALSE}
include_graphics(paste0(fig_dir,"wasting/FE/fig-wast-2-co-overall_region--allage-primary_FE.png"))
```
<!-- ## Age-specific prevalence of underweight (weight-for-age Z-score < -2) -->
<!-- ```{r, echo = FALSE} -->
<!-- include_graphics("figure-copies/fig-wast-2-uwt-overall_region--allage-primary_FE.png") -->
<!-- ``` -->
[^1]: Hedges, L. V. & Vevea, J. L. Fixed- and random-effects models in meta-analysis. Psychol. Methods 3, 486–504 (1998).