UPGRADING.md

This outlines the backwards incompatible changes that were made to the public API after the v0.3.7 stable release, and and how to migrate existing legacy codebases.

Background

The original go-nsq codebase is some of our earliest Go code, and one of our first attempts at a public Go library.

We've learned a lot over the last 2 years and we wanted go-nsq to reflect the experiences we've had working with the library as well as the general Go conventions and best practices we picked up along the way.

The diff can be seen via: https://github.com/nsqio/go-nsq/compare/v0.3.7...HEAD

The bulk of the refactoring came via: nsqio#30

Naming

Previously, the high-level types we exposed were named nsq.Reader and nsq.Writer. These reflected internal naming conventions we had used at bitly for some time but conflated semantics with what a typical Go developer would expect (they obviously did not implement io.Reader and io.Writer).

We renamed these types to nsq.Consumer and nsq.Producer, which more effectively communicate their purpose and is consistent with the NSQ documentation.

Configuration

In the previous API there were inconsistent and confusing ways to configure your clients.

Now, configuration is performed before creating an nsq.Consumer or nsq.Producer by creating an nsq.Config struct. The only valid way to do this is via nsq.NewConfig (i.e. using a struct literal will panic due to invalid internal state).

The nsq.Config struct has exported variables that can be set directly in a type-safe manner. You can also call cfg.Validate() to check that the values are correct and within range.

nsq.Config also exposes a convenient helper method Set(k string, v interface{}) that can set options by coercing the supplied interface{} value.

This is incredibly convenient if you're reading options from a config file or in a serialized format that does not exactly match the native types.

It is both flexible and forgiving.

Improving the nsq.Handler interface

go-nsq attempts to make writing the common use case consumer incredibly easy.

You specify a type that implements the nsq.Handler interface, the interface method is called per message, and the return value of said method indicates to the library what the response to nsqd should be (FIN or REQ), all the while managing flow control and backoff.

However, more advanced use cases require the ability to respond to a message later ("asynchronously", if you will). Our original API provided a second message handler interface called nsq.AsyncHandler.

Unfortunately, it was never obvious from the name alone (or even the documentation) how to properly use this form. The API was needlessly complex, involving the garbage creation of wrapping structs to track state and respond to messages.

We originally had the same problem in pynsq, our Python client library, and we were able to resolve the tension and expose an API that was robust and supported all use cases.

The new go-nsq message handler interface exposes only nsq.Handler, and its HandleMessage method remains identical (specifically, nsq.AsyncHandler has been removed).

Additionally, the API to configure handlers has been improved to provide better first-class support for common operations. We've added AddConcurrentHandlers (for quickly spawning multiple handler goroutines).

For the most common use case, where you want go-nsq to respond to messages on your behalf, there are no changes required! In fact, we've made it even easier to implement the nsq.Handler interface for simple functions by providing the nsq.HandlerFunc type (in the spirit of the Go standard library's http.HandlerFunc):

r, err := nsq.NewConsumer("test_topic", "test_channel", nsq.NewConfig())
if err != nil {
    log.Fatalf(err.Error())
}

r.AddHandler(nsq.HandlerFunc(func(m *nsq.Message) error {
    return doSomeWork(m)
})

err := r.ConnectToNSQD(nsqdAddr)
if err != nil {
    log.Fatalf(err.Error())
}

<-r.StopChan

In the new API, we've made the nsq.Message struct more robust, giving it the ability to proxy responses. If you want to usurp control of the message from go-nsq, you simply call msg.DisableAutoResponse().

This is effectively the same as if you had used nsq.AsyncHandler, only you don't need to manage nsq.FinishedMessage structs or implement a separate interface. Instead you just keep/pass references to the nsq.Message itself, and when you're ready to respond you call msg.Finish(), msg.Requeue(<duration>) or msg.Touch(<duration>). Additionally, this means you can make this decision on a per-message basis rather than for the lifetime of the handler.

Here is an example:

type myHandler struct {}

func (h *myHandler) HandleMessage(m *nsq.Message) error {
    m.DisableAutoResponse()
    workerChan <- m
    return nil
}

go func() {
    for m := range workerChan {
        err := doSomeWork(m)
        if err != nil {
            m.Requeue(-1)
            continue
        }
        m.Finish()
    }
}()

cfg := nsq.NewConfig()
cfg.MaxInFlight = 1000
r, err := nsq.NewConsumer("test_topic", "test_channel", cfg)
if err != nil {
    log.Fatalf(err.Error())
}
r.AddConcurrentHandlers(&myHandler{}, 20)

err := r.ConnectToNSQD(nsqdAddr)
if err != nil {
    log.Fatalf(err.Error())
}

<-r.StopChan

Requeue without backoff

As a side effect of the message handler restructuring above, it is now trivial to respond to a message without triggering a backoff state in nsq.Consumer (which was not possible in the previous API).

The nsq.Message type now has a msg.RequeueWithoutBackoff() method for this purpose.

Producer Error Handling

Previously, Writer (now Producer) returned a triplicate of frameType, responseBody, and error from calls to *Publish.

This required the caller to check both error and frameType to confirm success. Producer publish methods now return only error.

Logging

One of the challenges library implementors face is how to provide feedback via logging, while exposing an interface that follows the standard library and still provides a means to control and configure the output.

In the new API, we've provided a method on Consumer and Producer called SetLogger that takes an interface compatible with the Go standard library log.Logger (which can be instantiated via log.NewLogger) and a traditional log level integer nsq.LogLevel{Debug,Info,Warning,Error}:

Output(maxdepth int, s string) error

This gives the user the flexibility to control the format, destination, and verbosity while still conforming to standard library logging conventions.

Misc.

Un-exported NewDeadlineTransport and ApiRequest, which never should have been exported in the first place.

nsq.Message serialization switched away from binary.{Read,Write} for performance and nsq.Message now implements the io.WriterTo interface.