diff --git a/src/include/storage/index/b_plus_tree.h b/src/include/storage/index/b_plus_tree.h
index a2aa961d7..176fb5a28 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/index/b_plus_tree.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/index/b_plus_tree.h
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 
 #include "common/config.h"
 #include "common/macros.h"
-#include "concurrency/transaction.h"
 #include "storage/index/index_iterator.h"
 #include "storage/page/b_plus_tree_header_page.h"
 #include "storage/page/b_plus_tree_internal_page.h"
@@ -74,13 +73,13 @@ class BPlusTree {
   auto IsEmpty() const -> bool;
 
   // Insert a key-value pair into this B+ tree.
-  auto Insert(const KeyType &key, const ValueType &value, Transaction *txn = nullptr) -> bool;
+  auto Insert(const KeyType &key, const ValueType &value) -> bool;
 
   // Remove a key and its value from this B+ tree.
-  void Remove(const KeyType &key, Transaction *txn);
+  void Remove(const KeyType &key);
 
   // Return the value associated with a given key
-  auto GetValue(const KeyType &key, std::vector<ValueType> *result, Transaction *txn = nullptr) -> bool;
+  auto GetValue(const KeyType &key, std::vector<ValueType> *result) -> bool;
 
   // Return the page id of the root node
   auto GetRootPageId() -> page_id_t;
@@ -112,10 +111,10 @@ class BPlusTree {
   auto DrawBPlusTree() -> std::string;
 
   // read data from file and insert one by one
-  void InsertFromFile(const std::filesystem::path &file_name, Transaction *txn = nullptr);
+  void InsertFromFile(const std::filesystem::path &file_name);
 
   // read data from file and remove one by one
-  void RemoveFromFile(const std::filesystem::path &file_name, Transaction *txn = nullptr);
+  void RemoveFromFile(const std::filesystem::path &file_name);
 
   /**
    * @brief Read batch operations from input file, below is a sample file format
@@ -126,7 +125,7 @@ class BPlusTree {
    *                 (3)                (7)
    *            (1,2)    (3,4)    (5,6)    (7,10,30) //  The output tree example
    */
-  void BatchOpsFromFile(const std::filesystem::path &file_name, Transaction *txn = nullptr);
+  void BatchOpsFromFile(const std::filesystem::path &file_name);
 
  private:
   /* Debug Routines for FREE!! */