Relations

Relations in ConceptNet 5

In ConceptNet 5, we define a set of relations that can apply to text in any language. The relations are given canonical, camel-cased English names in the /r/ namespace, such as /r/PartOf.

The set of possible relations is chosen to capture common, informative patterns from our various data sources. It may expand in future minor versions of ConceptNet 5.

Some common relations:

Relation URI	Description	Examples
/r/RelatedTo	The most general relation. There is some positive relationship between A and B, but ConceptNet can't determine what that relationship is based on the data. This was called "ConceptuallyRelatedTo" in ConceptNet 2 through 4. Symmetric.	learn ↔ erudition
/r/ExternalURL	Points to a URL outside of ConceptNet, where further Linked Data about this term can be found. Similar to RDF's seeAlso relation.	knowledge → http://dbpedia.org/page/Knowledge
/r/FormOf	A is an inflected form of B; B is the root word of A.	slept → sleep
/r/IsA	A is a subtype or a specific instance of B; every A is a B. This can include specific instances; the distinction between subtypes and instances is often blurry in language. This is the hyponym relation in WordNet.	car → vehicle; Chicago → city
/r/PartOf	A is a part of B. This is the part meronym relation in WordNet.	gearshift → car
/r/HasA	B belongs to A, either as an inherent part or due to a social construct of possession. HasA is often the reverse of PartOf.	bird → wing; pen → ink
/r/UsedFor	A is used for B; the purpose of A is B.	bridge → cross water
/r/CapableOf	Something that A can typically do is B.	knife → cut
/r/AtLocation	A is a typical location for B, or A is the inherent location of B. Some instances of this would be considered meronyms in WordNet.	butter → refrigerator; Boston → Massachusetts
/r/Causes	A and B are events, and it is typical for A to cause B.	exercise → sweat
/r/HasSubevent	A and B are events, and B happens as a subevent of A.	eating → chewing
/r/HasFirstSubevent	A is an event that begins with subevent B.	sleep → close eyes
/r/HasLastSubevent	A is an event that concludes with subevent B.	cook → clean up kitchen
/r/HasPrerequisite	In order for A to happen, B needs to happen; B is a dependency of A.	dream → sleep
/r/HasProperty	A has B as a property; A can be described as B.	ice → cold
/r/MotivatedByGoal	Someone does A because they want result B; A is a step toward accomplishing the goal B.	compete → win
/r/ObstructedBy	A is a goal that can be prevented by B; B is an obstacle in the way of A.	sleep → noise
/r/Desires	A is a conscious entity that typically wants B. Many assertions of this type use the appropriate language's word for "person" as A.	person → love
/r/CreatedBy	B is a process or agent that creates A.	cake → bake
/r/Synonym	A and B have very similar meanings. They may be translations of each other in different languages. This is the synonym relation in WordNet as well. Symmetric.	sunlight ↔ sunshine
/r/Antonym	A and B are opposites in some relevant way, such as being opposite ends of a scale, or fundamentally similar things with a key difference between them. Counterintuitively, two concepts must be quite similar before people consider them antonyms. This is the antonym relation in WordNet as well. Symmetric.	black ↔ white; hot ↔ cold
/r/DerivedFrom	A is a word or phrase that appears within B and contributes to B's meaning.	pocketbook → book
/r/SymbolOf	A symbolically represents B.	red → fervor
/r/DefinedAs	A and B overlap considerably in meaning, and B is a more explanatory version of A.	peace → absence of war
/r/Entails	If A is happening, B is also happening. (This may be merged with HasPrerequisite in a later version.)	run → move
/r/MannerOf	A is a specific way to do B. Similar to "IsA", but for verbs.	auction → sale
/r/LocatedNear	A and B are typically found near each other. Symmetric.	chair ↔ table
/r/HasContext	A is a word used in the context of B, which could be a topic area, technical field, or regional dialect.	astern → ship; arvo → Australia
/r/dbpedia/...	Some relations have been provisionally imported from DBPedia, and don't correspond to any of the existing relations. For now, these are in the /r/dbpedia/... namespace, such as /r/dbpedia/genre. The DBPedia relations represented this way are genre, influencedBy, knownFor, occupation, language, field, product, capital, and leader.

Negative relations

Relations can be prefixed with "Not" to express a negative assertion, such as /r/NotIsA /c/en/mammal /c/en/plant. The negative relations that we have data for are NotDesires, NotUsedFor, NotCapableOf, and NotHasProperty.