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微信小程序面试题.html
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<h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">微信小程序面试题</h2>
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2018-06-18
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<span class="post-meta-item-text">热度 </span>
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2,085 (字)
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<h2 id="简单描述下微信小程序的相关文件类型?"><a href="#简单描述下微信小程序的相关文件类型?" class="headerlink" title="简单描述下微信小程序的相关文件类型?"></a>简单描述下微信小程序的相关文件类型?</h2><p>答:微信小程序项目结构主要有四个文件类型,如下:
一、WXML (WeiXin Markup Language)是框架设计的一套标签语言,结合基础组件、事件系统,可以构建出页面的结构。内部主要是微信自己定义的一套组件。
二、WXSS (WeiXin Style Sheets)是一套样式语言,用于描述 WXML 的组件样式,
二、js 逻辑处理,网络请求
三、json 小程序设置,如页面注册,页面标题及tabBar。
四、app.json
必须要有这个文件,如果没有这个文件,项目无法运行,因为微信框架把这个作为配置文件入口,整个小程序的全局配置。包括页面注册,网络设置,以及小程序的window背景色,配置导航条样式,配置默认标题。
五、app.js
必须要有这个文件,没有也是会报错!但是这个文件创建一下就行 什么都不需要写以后我们可以在这个文件中监听并处理小程序的生命周期函数、声明全局变量。
六、app.wxss</p>
<hr>
<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="你是怎么封装微信小程序的数据请求的?"><a href="#你是怎么封装微信小程序的数据请求的?" class="headerlink" title="你是怎么封装微信小程序的数据请求的?"></a>你是怎么封装微信小程序的数据请求的?</h2><p>答:
一、将所有的接口放在统一的js文件中并导出
二、在app.js中创建封装请求数据的方法
三、在子页面中调用封装的方法请求数据</p>
<h2 id="有哪些参数传值的方法?"><a href="#有哪些参数传值的方法?" class="headerlink" title="有哪些参数传值的方法?"></a>有哪些参数传值的方法?</h2><p>答:
一、给HTML元素添加data-*属性来传递我们需要的值,然后通过e.currentTarget.dataset或onload的param参数获取。但data-名称不能有大写字母和不可以存放对象
二、设置id的方法标识来传值通过e.currentTarget.id获取设置的id的值,然后通过设置全局对象的方式来传递数值
三、在navigator中添加参数传值 onload中options参数中取值</p>
<h2 id="你使用过哪些方法,来提高微信小程序的应用速度?"><a href="#你使用过哪些方法,来提高微信小程序的应用速度?" class="headerlink" title="你使用过哪些方法,来提高微信小程序的应用速度?"></a>你使用过哪些方法,来提高微信小程序的应用速度?</h2><p>答:
一、提高页面加载速度
二、用户行为预测
三、减少默认data的大小
四、组件化方案</p>
<h2 id="小程序与原生App哪个好?"><a href="#小程序与原生App哪个好?" class="headerlink" title="小程序与原生App哪个好?"></a>小程序与原生App哪个好?</h2><p>答: 小程序除了拥有公众号的低开发成本、低获客成本低以及无需下载等优势,在服务请求延时与用户使用体验是都得到了较大幅度 的提升,使得其能够承载跟复杂的服务功能以及使用户获得更好的用户体验。</p>
<h2 id="简述微信小程序原理?"><a href="#简述微信小程序原理?" class="headerlink" title="简述微信小程序原理?"></a>简述微信小程序原理?</h2><p>答:微信小程序采用JavaScript、WXML、WXSS三种技术进行开发,从技术讲和现有的前端开发差不多,但深入挖掘的话却又有所不同。</p>
<p>JavaScript:首先JavaScript的代码是运行在微信App中的,并不是运行在浏览器中,因此一些H5技术的应用,需要微信App提供对应的API支持,而这限制住了H5技术的应用,且其不能称为严格的H5,可以称其为伪H5,同理,微信提供的独有的某些API,H5也不支持或支持的不是特别好。</p>
<p>WXML:WXML微信自己基于XML语法开发的,因此开发时,只能使用微信提供的现有标签,HTML的标签是无法使用的。</p>
<p>WXSS:WXSS具有CSS的大部分特性,但并不是所有的都支持,而且支持哪些,不支持哪些并没有详细的文档。</p>
<p>微信的架构,是数据驱动的架构模式,它的UI和数据是分离的,所有的页面更新,都需要通过对数据的更改来实现。</p>
<p>小程序分为两个部分webview和appService。其中webview主要用来展现UI,appService有来处理业务逻辑、数据及接口调用。它们在两个进程中运行,通过系统层JSBridge实现通信,实现UI的渲染、事件的处理</p>
<h2 id="分析下微信小程序的优劣势?"><a href="#分析下微信小程序的优劣势?" class="headerlink" title="分析下微信小程序的优劣势?"></a>分析下微信小程序的优劣势?</h2><p>答:</p>
<h3 id="优势:"><a href="#优势:" class="headerlink" title="优势:"></a>优势:</h3><p>1、无需下载,通过搜索和扫一扫就可以打开。
2、良好的用户体验:打开速度快。
3、开发成本要比App要低。
4、安卓上可以添加到桌面,与原生App差不多。
5、为用户提供良好的安全保障。小程序的发布,微信拥有一套严格的审查流程, 不能通过审查的小程序是无法发布到线上的。</p>
<h3 id="劣势:"><a href="#劣势:" class="headerlink" title="劣势:"></a>劣势:</h3><p>1、限制较多。页面大小不能超过1M。不能打开超过5个层级的页面。
2、样式单一。小程序的部分组件已经是成型的了,样式不可以修改。例如:幻灯片、导航。
3、推广面窄,不能分享朋友圈,只能通过分享给朋友,附近小程序推广。其中附近小程序也受到微信的限制。
4、依托于微信,无法开发后台管理功能。
8、微信小程序与H5的区别?
答:
第一条是运行环境的不同
传统的HTML5的运行环境是浏览器,包括webview,而微信小程序的运行环境并非完整的浏览器,是微信开发团队基于浏览器内核完全重构的一个内置解析器,针对小程序专门做了优化,配合自己定义的开发语言标准,提升了小程序的性能。
第二条是开发成本的不同
只在微信中运行,所以不用再去顾虑浏览器兼容性,不用担心生产环境中出现不可预料的奇妙BUG
第三条是获取系统级权限的不同
系统级权限都可以和微信小程序无缝衔接
第四条便是应用在生产环境的运行流畅度
长久以来,当HTML5应用面对复杂的业务逻辑或者丰富的页面交互时,它的体验总是不尽人意,需要不断的对项目优化来提升用户体验。但是由于微信小程序运行环境独立</p>
<h2 id="怎么解决小程序的异步请求问题?"><a href="#怎么解决小程序的异步请求问题?" class="headerlink" title="怎么解决小程序的异步请求问题?"></a>怎么解决小程序的异步请求问题?</h2><p>答:
在回调函数中调用下一个组件的函数:
app.js</p>
<p>success: function (info) {<br> that.apirtnCallback(info)
}</p>
<p>index.js</p>
<p>onLoad: function () {
app.apirtnCallback = res => {
console.log(res)
}
}</p>
<h2 id="小程序的双向绑定和vue哪里不一样?"><a href="#小程序的双向绑定和vue哪里不一样?" class="headerlink" title="小程序的双向绑定和vue哪里不一样?"></a>小程序的双向绑定和vue哪里不一样?</h2><p>答:
小程序直接this.data的属性是不可以同步到视图的,必须调用:</p>
<p>this.setData({
noBind:true
})</p>
<h2 id="常用"><a href="#常用" class="headerlink" title="常用"></a>常用</h2><h3 id="表单提交"><a href="#表单提交" class="headerlink" title="表单提交"></a>表单提交</h3><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><form bindsubmit=<span class="string">"formSubmit"</span>></span><br><span class="line"> <input value=<span class="string">"{{address.name}}"</span> name=<span class="string">"name"</span> placeholder=<span class="string">"姓名"</span>/></span><br><span class="line"> <input type=<span class="string">"number"</span> name=<span class="string">"phone"</span> value=<span class="string">"{{address.phone}}"</span> placeholder=<span class="string">"电话号码"</span>/></span><br><span class="line"> <input name=<span class="string">"detail"</span> value=<span class="string">"{{address.detail}}"</span> placeholder=<span class="string">"详细地址"</span>/></span><br><span class="line"> <button form-type=<span class="string">"submit"</span>>保存<<span class="regexp">/button></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp"></</span>form></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// formData=e.detail.value value.name...</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 诸如bindinput</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="wx-for"><a href="#wx-for" class="headerlink" title="wx:for"></a>wx:for</h3><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><view wx:<span class="keyword">for</span>=<span class="string">"{{answerArr}}"</span> wx:key=<span class="string">"index"</span> data-id=<span class="string">"{{item.id}}"</span> bindtap=<span class="string">'userSelect'</span>></span><br><span class="line"> {{item.value}}</span><br><span class="line"><<span class="regexp">/view></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="image组件"><a href="#image组件" class="headerlink" title="image组件"></a>image组件</h3><p>默认宽高:300px/225px</p>
<ul>
<li>本地引用</li>
<li>网络资源引用
不支持background:url()形式</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="生命周期"><a href="#生命周期" class="headerlink" title="生命周期"></a>生命周期</h2><h3 id="onLauch-启动"><a href="#onLauch-启动" class="headerlink" title="onLauch 启动"></a>onLauch 启动</h3><h3 id="onLoad-Object-query"><a href="#onLoad-Object-query" class="headerlink" title="onLoad(Object query)"></a>onLoad(Object query)</h3><p>页面加载时触发。一个页面只会调用一次,可以在 onLoad 的参数中获取打开当前页面路径中的参数。</p>
<h3 id="onShow"><a href="#onShow" class="headerlink" title="onShow()"></a>onShow()</h3><p>页面显示/切入前台时触发。</p>
<h3 id="onReady"><a href="#onReady" class="headerlink" title="onReady()"></a>onReady()</h3><p>页面初次渲染完成时触发。一个页面只会调用一次,代表页面已经准备妥当,可以和视图层进行交互。调用接口</p>
<h3 id="onHide"><a href="#onHide" class="headerlink" title="onHide()"></a>onHide()</h3><p>页面隐藏/切入后台时触发。 如 navigateTo 或底部 tab 切换到其他页面,小程序切入后台等。</p>
<h3 id="onUnload"><a href="#onUnload" class="headerlink" title="onUnload()"></a>onUnload()</h3><p>页面卸载时触发。如redirectTo或navigateBack到其他页面时。</p>
<h2 id="注意点"><a href="#注意点" class="headerlink" title="注意点"></a>注意点</h2><ol>
<li><p>import 的路径不支持绝对路径,比如你希望引用 utils/fetch.js,在不管多深的组件里面你都要慢慢 ../ 点到根目录,同样 .wxss 文件 @import 导入文
件时也只能使用相对路径,所以就会出现 ../../../../../../utils/fetch.js 这种东西</p>
</li>
<li><p>setData 连一个对象合并都懒得做,如果 data: {a: {b: 1, c: 1}},那么 setData({a: {b: 2}}) 就会丢失 a.c 的值,真是让人火冒三丈啊,还要
setData({[‘a.b’: 2]}) 这样才行;通常使用<code>wx-updata</code> this.updata</p>
</li>
<li><p>微信请求promise化</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> { promisifyAll } <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'wx-promise-pro'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">promisifyAll() <span class="comment">// promisify all wx api</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">App({ ... })</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>自己实现promisify</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">promisify</span>(<span class="params">api</span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="function">(<span class="params">opt = {}</span>) =></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Promise</span>(<span class="function">(<span class="params">resolve, reject</span>) =></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> api({</span><br><span class="line"> ...opt,</span><br><span class="line"> fail: reject,</span><br><span class="line"> success: resolve</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
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<p><span>本文标题:</span><a href="/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%B0%8F%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E9%A2%98.html">微信小程序面试题</a></p>
<p><span>文章作者:</span><a href="/" title="访问 陈宇(cosyer) 的个人博客">陈宇(cosyer)</a></p>
<p><span>发布时间:</span>2018年06月18日 - 19:06</p>
<p><span>最后更新:</span>2020年08月31日 - 23:08</p>
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<div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#简单描述下微信小程序的相关文件类型?"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">简单描述下微信小程序的相关文件类型?</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#你是怎么封装微信小程序的数据请求的?"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">你是怎么封装微信小程序的数据请求的?</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#有哪些参数传值的方法?"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">有哪些参数传值的方法?</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#你使用过哪些方法,来提高微信小程序的应用速度?"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">你使用过哪些方法,来提高微信小程序的应用速度?</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#小程序与原生App哪个好?"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">小程序与原生App哪个好?</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#简述微信小程序原理?"><span class="nav-number">6.</span> <span class="nav-text">简述微信小程序原理?</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#分析下微信小程序的优劣势?"><span class="nav-number">7.</span> <span class="nav-text">分析下微信小程序的优劣势?</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#优势:"><span class="nav-number">7.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">优势:</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#劣势:"><span class="nav-number">7.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">劣势:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#怎么解决小程序的异步请求问题?"><span class="nav-number">8.</span> <span class="nav-text">怎么解决小程序的异步请求问题?</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#小程序的双向绑定和vue哪里不一样?"><span class="nav-number">9.</span> <span class="nav-text">小程序的双向绑定和vue哪里不一样?</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#常用"><span class="nav-number">10.</span> <span class="nav-text">常用</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#表单提交"><span class="nav-number">10.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">表单提交</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#wx-for"><span class="nav-number">10.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">wx:for</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#image组件"><span class="nav-number">10.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">image组件</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#生命周期"><span class="nav-number">11.</span> <span class="nav-text">生命周期</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#onLauch-启动"><span class="nav-number">11.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">onLauch 启动</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#onLoad-Object-query"><span class="nav-number">11.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">onLoad(Object query)</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#onShow"><span class="nav-number">11.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">onShow()</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#onReady"><span class="nav-number">11.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">onReady()</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#onHide"><span class="nav-number">11.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">onHide()</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#onUnload"><span class="nav-number">11.6.</span> <span class="nav-text">onUnload()</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#注意点"><span class="nav-number">12.</span> <span class="nav-text">注意点</span></a></li></ol></div>
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