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responsive.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--
_ooOoo_
o8888888o
88" . "88
(| -_- |)
O\ = /O
____/`---'\____
.' \\| |// `.
/ \\||| : |||// \
/ _||||| -:- |||||- \
| | \\\ - /// | |
| \_| ''\---/'' | |
\ .-\__ `-` ___/-. /
___`. .' /--.--\ `. . __
."" '< `.___\_<|>_/___.' >'"".
| | : `- \`.;`\ _ /`;.`/ - ` : | |
\ \ `-. \_ __\ /__ _/ .-` / /
======`-.____`-.___\_____/___.-`____.-'======
`=---='
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
佛祖保佑 永无BUG
-->
<html class="theme-next mist use-motion" lang="zh-Hans">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<link href="//mydearest.cn" rel="dns-prefetch">
<link href="//www.mydearest.cn" rel="dns-prefetch">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"/>
<meta name="theme-color" content="#222">
<meta name="description" content="陈宇的博客" />
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" />
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" />
<link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:300,300italic,400,400italic,700,700italic|Roboto Slab:300,300italic,400,400italic,700,700italic|Lobster Two:300,300italic,400,400italic,700,700italic|PT Mono:300,300italic,400,400italic,700,700italic&subset=latin,latin-ext" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="keywords" content="前端," />
<link rel="alternate" href="/rss2.xml" title="cosyer's Blog" type="application/atom+xml" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" />
<meta name="description" content="什么是响应式网站响应式布局是Ethan Marcotte在2010年5月份提出的一个概念，简而言之，就是一个网站能够兼容多个终端——而不是为每个终端做一个特定的版本。这个概念是为解决移动互联网浏览而诞生的。Web设计应该做到根据不同设备环境自动响应及调整。当然响应式Web设计不仅仅是关于屏幕分辨率自适应以及自动缩放的图片等等，它更像是一种对于设计的全新思维模式；我们应当向下兼容、移动优先。">
<meta property="og:type" content="article">
<meta property="og:title" content="响应式网页设计">
<meta property="og:url" content="http://mydearest.cn/responsive.html">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="cosyer's Blog">
<meta property="og:description" content="什么是响应式网站响应式布局是Ethan Marcotte在2010年5月份提出的一个概念，简而言之，就是一个网站能够兼容多个终端——而不是为每个终端做一个特定的版本。这个概念是为解决移动互联网浏览而诞生的。Web设计应该做到根据不同设备环境自动响应及调整。当然响应式Web设计不仅仅是关于屏幕分辨率自适应以及自动缩放的图片等等，它更像是一种对于设计的全新思维模式；我们应当向下兼容、移动优先。">
<meta property="og:image" content="http://cdn.mydearest.cn/blog/images/setup.png">
<meta property="og:image" content="http://cdn.mydearest.cn/blog/images/responsive-layout.png">
<meta property="article:published_time" content="2018-06-19T17:33:47.000Z">
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2020-07-24T15:07:25.908Z">
<meta property="article:author" content="陈宇（cosyer）">
<meta property="article:tag" content="前端">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="http://cdn.mydearest.cn/blog/images/setup.png">
<script type="text/javascript" id="hexo.configurations">
var NexT = window.NexT || {};
var CONFIG = {
root: '/',
scheme: 'Mist',
sidebar: {"position":"left","display":"always","offset":12,"offset_float":12,"b2t":false,"scrollpercent":false,"onmobile":false},
fancybox: true,
tabs: true,
motion: true,
duoshuo: {
userId: '0',
author: '博主'
},
algolia: {
applicationID: '',
apiKey: '',
indexName: '',
hits: {"per_page":10},
labels: {"input_placeholder":"Search for Posts","hits_empty":"We didn't find any results for the search: ${query}","hits_stats":"${hits} results found in ${time} ms"}
}
};
</script>
<link rel="canonical" href="http://mydearest.cn/responsive.html"/>
<title>响应式网页设计 | cosyer's Blog</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
var _hmt = _hmt || [];
(function() {
var hm = document.createElement("script");
hm.src = "https://hm.baidu.com/hm.js?653a4be35cb6c7b26817038a17c3f0d6";
var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s);
})();
</script>
<link href="https://mydearest.cn/css/all-9097fb9016.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<style>
// scrollbar滚动条样式优化
::-webkit-scrollbar-corner {
background-color: transparent;
}
::-webkit-scrollbar-button {
width: 0;
height: 0;
display: none;
}
::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
width: 7px;
background-color: #b4babf;
border-radius: 7px;
}
::-webkit-scrollbar {
width: 7px;
height: 7px;
}
::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
width: 15px;
}
::-webkit-scrollbar:hover {
background-color: transparent;
}
* {
cursor: url("http://cdn.mydearest.cn/blog/images/miku1.png"),auto!important
}
:active {
cursor: url("http://cdn.mydearest.cn/blog/images/miku2.png"),auto!important
}
a:hover {
cursor: url("http://cdn.mydearest.cn/blog/images/miku2.png"),auto!important
}
</style>
<meta name="generator" content="Hexo 4.2.1"></head>
<body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" lang="zh-Hans">
<div id="loader">
<div></div>
</div>
<div class="container sidebar-position-left page-post-detail ">
<div class="headband"></div>
<a href="https://github.com/cosyer" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="github-corner" aria-label="View source on Github"><svg width="80" height="80" viewBox="0 0 250 250" style="fill:#151513; color:#fff; position: absolute; top: 0; border: 0; left: 0; transform: scale(-1, 1);" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M0,0 L115,115 L130,115 L142,142 L250,250 L250,0 Z"></path><path d="M128.3,109.0 C113.8,99.7 119.0,89.6 119.0,89.6 C122.0,82.7 120.5,78.6 120.5,78.6 C119.2,72.0 123.4,76.3 123.4,76.3 C127.3,80.9 125.5,87.3 125.5,87.3 C122.9,97.6 130.6,101.9 134.4,103.2" fill="currentColor" style="transform-origin: 130px 106px;" class="octo-arm"></path><path d="M115.0,115.0 C114.9,115.1 118.7,116.5 119.8,115.4 L133.7,101.6 C136.9,99.2 139.9,98.4 142.2,98.6 C133.8,88.0 127.5,74.4 143.8,58.0 C148.5,53.4 154.0,51.2 159.7,51.0 C160.3,49.4 163.2,43.6 171.4,40.1 C171.4,40.1 176.1,42.5 178.8,56.2 C183.1,58.6 187.2,61.8 190.9,65.4 C194.5,69.0 197.7,73.2 200.1,77.6 C213.8,80.2 216.3,84.9 216.3,84.9 C212.7,93.1 206.9,96.0 205.4,96.6 C205.1,102.4 203.0,107.8 198.3,112.5 C181.9,128.9 168.3,122.5 157.7,114.1 C157.9,116.9 156.7,120.9 152.7,124.9 L141.0,136.5 C139.8,137.7 141.6,141.9 141.8,141.8 Z" fill="currentColor" class="octo-body"></path></svg><style>.github-corner:hover .octo-arm{animation:octocat-wave 560ms ease-in-out}@keyframes octocat-wave{0%,100%{transform:rotate(0)}20%,60%{transform:rotate(-25deg)}40%,80%{transform:rotate(10deg)}}@media (max-width:500px){.github-corner:hover .octo-arm{animation:none}.github-corner .octo-arm{animation:octocat-wave 560ms ease-in-out}}</style></a>
<header id="header" class="header" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader">
<div class="header-inner"><div class="site-brand-wrapper">
<div class="site-meta ">
<div class="custom-logo-site-title">
<a href="/" class="brand" rel="start">
<span class="logo-line-before"><i></i></span>
<span class="site-title">cosyer's Blog</span>
<span class="logo-line-after"><i></i></span>
</a>
</div>
<h1 class="site-subtitle" itemprop="description">Blog</h1>
</div>
<div class="site-nav-toggle">
<button>
<span class="btn-bar"></span>
<span class="btn-bar"></span>
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<nav class="site-nav">
<ul id="menu" class="menu">
<li class="menu-item menu-item-home">
<a href="/" class="faa-parent animated-hover" rel="section">
<i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-home faa-wrench"></i> <br />
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</a>
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<li class="menu-item menu-item-guestbook">
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</a>
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<i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-archive faa-float"></i> <br />
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</a>
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<li class="menu-item menu-item-about">
<a href="/about/" class="faa-parent animated-hover" rel="section">
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<li class="menu-item menu-item-search">
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<div class="local-search-input-wrapper">
<input autocomplete="off"
placeholder="搜索..." spellcheck="false"
type="text" id="local-search-input">
</div>
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<div id="local-search-result"></div>
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</nav>
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<div class="content-wrap">
<div id="content" class="content">
<div id="posts" class="posts-expand">
<article class="post post-type-normal" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
<div class="post-date" data-datetime="2020-07-24T23:07:25+08:00">
<div class="post-time-text">7月</div>
<div class="post-time-count">24</div>
<div class="text-desc">
<div class="date-text">更新于</div>
<div class="post-tiem">7月24</div>
<div class="post-year">2020</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="post-badge">
<span class="post-category" >
<span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
<a href="/categories/CSS/" itemprop="url" rel="index">
<span itemprop="name">CSS</span>
</a>
</span>
</span>
</div>
<div class="post-block">
<link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="http://mydearest.cn/responsive.html">
<span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
<meta itemprop="name" content="陈宇（cosyer）">
<meta itemprop="description" content="不去做的话永远也做不到。">
<meta itemprop="image" content="/images/avatar.jpg">
</span>
<span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
<meta itemprop="name" content="cosyer's Blog">
</span>
<header class="post-header">
<h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">响应式网页设计</h2>
<div class="post-meta">
<span class="post-time">
<span class="post-meta-item-icon">
<i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i>
</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span>
<time title="发表于" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2018-06-20T01:33:47+08:00">
2018-06-20
</time>
</span>
<span id="/responsive.html" class="leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="响应式网页设计">
<span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-icon">
<i class="fa fa-eye"></i>
</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-text">热度 </span>
<span class="leancloud-visitors-count"></span> ℃
</span>
<div class="post-wordcount">
<span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-icon">
<i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o"></i>
</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-text">字数统计：</span>
<span title="字数统计：">
789 (字)
</span>
<span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-icon">
<i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i>
</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长：</span>
<span title="阅读时长：">
3 (分钟)
</span>
</div>
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<h2 id="什么是响应式网站"><a href="#什么是响应式网站" class="headerlink" title="什么是响应式网站"></a>什么是响应式网站</h2><p>响应式布局是Ethan Marcotte在2010年5月份提出的一个概念，简而言之，就是一个网站能够兼容多个终端——而不是为每个终端做一个特定的版本。这个概念是为解决移动互联网浏览而诞生的。Web设计应该做到根据不同设备环境自动响应及调整。当然响应式Web设计不仅仅是关于屏幕分辨率自适应以及自动缩放的图片等等，它更像是一种对于设计的全新思维模式；我们应当向下兼容、移动优先。</p>
<hr>
<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="背景"><a href="#背景" class="headerlink" title="背景"></a>背景</h2><ol>
<li>PC互联网加速向移动端迁移</li>
<li>移动端入口</li>
<li>开发成本低，门槛低</li>
<li>跨平台和终端且不需要分配子域，1页面适配多终端</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>PC – <a href="http://qzone.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://qzone.com</a></li>
<li>Mobile – <a href="http://m.qzone.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://m.qzone.com</a></li>
<li>响应式：PC & Mobile – <a href="http://qzone.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://qzone.com</a> 无需跳转</li>
</ul>
<ol start="5">
<li>无需安装成本，迭代更新容易</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="http://cdn.mydearest.cn/blog/images/setup.png" alt="setup"></p>
<p>如我们需要兼容不同屏幕分辨率、清晰度以及屏幕定向方式竖屏(portrait)、横屏(landscape)，怎样才能做到让一种设计方案满足所有情况？
那么我们的布局应该是一种弹性的栅格布局，不同尺寸下弹性适应，如以下页面中各模块在不同尺寸下的位置：</p>
<p><img src="http://cdn.mydearest.cn/blog/images/responsive-layout.png" alt="responsive-layout"></p>
<p>那么我们要怎么做？</p>
<ul>
<li>Meta标签定义</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li><p>使用 viewport meta 标签在手机浏览器上控制布局</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">meta</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">"viewport"</span> <span class="attr">content</span>=<span class="string">"width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"</span> /></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>通过快捷方式打开时全屏显示</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">meta</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">"apple-mobile-web-app-capable"</span> <span class="attr">content</span>=<span class="string">"yes"</span> /></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>隐藏状态栏</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">meta</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">"apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style"</span> <span class="attr">content</span>=<span class="string">"blank"</span> /></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>iPhone会将看起来像电话号码的数字添加电话连接，应当关闭</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">meta</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">"format-detection"</span> <span class="attr">content</span>=<span class="string">"telephone=no"</span> /></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="优点"><a href="#优点" class="headerlink" title="优点"></a>优点</h2><ul>
<li>面对不同分辨率设备灵活性强</li>
<li>能够快捷解决多设备显示适应问题</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="缺点"><a href="#缺点" class="headerlink" title="缺点"></a>缺点</h2><ul>
<li>兼容各种设备工作量大，效率低下</li>
<li>代码累赘，会出现隐藏无用的元素，加载时间加长</li>
<li>其实这是一种折中性质的设计解决方案，多方面因素影响而达不到最佳效果</li>
<li>一定程度上改变了网站原有的布局结构，会出现用户混淆的情况</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="栗子🌰"><a href="#栗子🌰" class="headerlink" title="栗子🌰"></a>栗子🌰</h2><figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* Extra small devices (phones, 600px and down) */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">@media</span> <span class="keyword">only</span> screen <span class="keyword">and</span> (<span class="attribute">max-width:</span> <span class="number">600px</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-class">.example</span> {<span class="attribute">background</span>: red;}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* Small devices (portrait tablets and large phones, 600px and up) */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">@media</span> <span class="keyword">only</span> screen <span class="keyword">and</span> (<span class="attribute">min-width:</span> <span class="number">600px</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-class">.example</span> {<span class="attribute">background</span>: green;}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* Medium devices (landscape tablets, 768px and up) */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">@media</span> <span class="keyword">only</span> screen <span class="keyword">and</span> (<span class="attribute">min-width:</span> <span class="number">768px</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-class">.example</span> {<span class="attribute">background</span>: blue;}</span><br><span class="line">} </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* Large devices (laptops/desktops, 992px and up) */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">@media</span> <span class="keyword">only</span> screen <span class="keyword">and</span> (<span class="attribute">min-width:</span> <span class="number">992px</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-class">.example</span> {<span class="attribute">background</span>: orange;}</span><br><span class="line">} </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* Extra large devices (large laptops and desktops, 1200px and up) */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">@media</span> <span class="keyword">only</span> screen <span class="keyword">and</span> (<span class="attribute">min-width:</span> <span class="number">1200px</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-class">.example</span> {<span class="attribute">background</span>: pink;}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="实战"><a href="#实战" class="headerlink" title="实战"></a>实战</h2><p>谷歌教程用HTML5以及CSS3的媒体查询完成了一个响应式布局的demo，大家可以用不同的尺寸的设备，查看不同分辨率下的表现。也可以在控制台模拟各种设备，欢迎大家提出意见。</p>
<p>在线地址：<a href="http://dir.mydearest.cn/responsive/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://dir.mydearest.cn/responsive/</a></p>
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<p><span>本文标题:</span><a href="/responsive.html">响应式网页设计</a></p>
<p><span>文章作者:</span><a href="/" title="访问 陈宇（cosyer） 的个人博客">陈宇（cosyer）</a></p>
<p><span>发布时间:</span>2018年06月20日 - 01:06</p>
<p><span>最后更新:</span>2020年07月24日 - 23:07</p>
<p><span>原始链接:</span><a href="/responsive.html" title="响应式网页设计">http://mydearest.cn/responsive.html</a>
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<div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#什么是响应式网站"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">什么是响应式网站</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#背景"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">背景</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#优点"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">优点</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#缺点"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">缺点</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#栗子🌰"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">栗子🌰</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#实战"><span class="nav-number">6.</span> <span class="nav-text">实战</span></a></li></ol></div>
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