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Cell structure
Mind map
mindmap
+ root((Cell structure))
+ Organelles all typical cells have
+ Cell membrane
+ Controls movement in and out of cells.
+ Outer membrane of cell
+ Semi-permeable
+ Cytoplasm
+ Where chemical reactions take place.
+ Surrounded by cell membrane
+ Gel-like mixture containing solutes, organelles, and water
+ Nucleus
+ Contains DNA and controls the cell.
+ Has a nuclear membrane, so DNA is not floating about
+ Mitochondria
+ Where aerobic respiration happens.
+ Folds: create lots of surface area for reactions
+ Ribosomes
+ Allows protein synthesis
+ Each cell contains thousands of them
+ Make proteins by translating RNA codes
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+ Animal cell
+ Cell membrane
+ Cytoplasm
+ Nucleus
+ Mitochondria
+ Ribosomes
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+ Plant cell
+ Cell membrane
+ Cytoplasm
+ Nucleus
+ Mitochondria
+ Ribosomes
+ Cell wall
+ Rigid to keep the shape of the cell, strengthens the cell.
+ Outermost layer
+ Permeable: They don't select who comes in and who leaves
+ Large Vacuole
+ Cell sap to keep cell turgid.
+ Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
+ Contains water solution
+ Chloroplast
+ Contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
+ In green parts of plants
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+ Prokaryotic cell
+ Cell membrane
+ Cytoplasm
+ Ribosomes
+ Circular DNA
+ Instead of chromosomes, also called Nucleoid, is essential for controlling the activity and reproduction of the prokaryotic cell.
+ Plasmid
+ Small circles of DNA
+ Cell wall
+ Made of peptidoglycan not cellulose
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+ Differences
+ Plant vs Animal
+ Cell Wall
+ Large Vacuole
+ Chloroplasts
+ Plant vs Prokaryotic
+ Nucleus vs Nucleoid and Plasmid
+ Cellulose vs Peptidoglycan
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Organelles all typical cells have
Cell membrane
Controls movement in and out of cells.
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+- Outer membrane of cell
+- Semi-permeable
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Cytoplasm
Where chemical reactions take place.
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+- Surrounded by cell membrane
+- Gel-like mixture containing solutes, orangelles, and water
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Nucleus
Contains DNA and controls the cell.
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+- Has a nuclear membrane, so DNA is not floating about
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Mitochondria
Where aerobic respiration happens.
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+- Folds: create lots of surface area for reactions
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Ribosomes
Allows protein synthesis
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+- Each cell contains thousands of them
+- Make proteins by translating RNA codes
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Animal cell
Animal cell has all above.
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Diagram
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Plant cell
Plant cell especially also have:
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Cell wall
Rigid to keep the shape of the cell, strengthens the cell.
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+- Outermost layer
+- Permeable: They don’t select who comes in and who leaves
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Large Vacuole
Cell sap to keep cell turgid.
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+- Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
+- Contains water solution
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Chloroplast
Contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
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+- In green parts of plants
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Diagram
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Prokaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cell do not have Mitochondria and Nucleus but organelles below.
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Cell wall
Rigid to keep the shape of the cell, strengthens the cell.
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+- Made of peptidoglycan not cellulose
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Circular DNA
Instead of chromosomes, also called Nucleoid, is essential for controlling the acticity and reproduction of the
prokaryotic cell.
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Plasmid
Small circles of DNA.
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Diagram
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Differences
Organelles in cells
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+Organelles \ Cells |
+Plant Cell |
+Animal Cell |
+Prokaryotic Cell |
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+Cell Wall |
+Yes |
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+Cell Membrane |
+Yes |
+Yes |
+Yes |
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+Chloroplasts |
+Yes |
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+Cytoplasm |
+Yes |
+Yes |
+Yes |
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+Mitochondria |
+Yes |
+Yes |
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+Nucleus |
+Yes |
+Yes |
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+Ribosome |
+Yes |
+Yes |
+Yes |
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+Large Vacuole |
+Yes |
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+Circular DNA |
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+Yes |
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+Plasmid |
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+Yes |
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Some differences between a plant cell and an animal cell
+- A plant cell has cell wall, while an animal cell hasn’t.
+- A plant cell has large vacuole, while an animal cell hasn’t.
+- No animal cell has chloroplasts, but some plant cell do.
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Some differences between a plant cell and a prokaryotic cell.
+- A plant cell has nucleus, and a prokaryotic cell has nucleoid and plasmid instead.
+- Cell wall in a plant cell is made of cellulose but peptidoglycan in a prokaryotic cell.
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