Adafruit_SSD1306.cpp

/*********************************************************************
This is a library for our Monochrome OLEDs based on SSD1306 drivers

  Pick one up today in the adafruit shop!
  ------> http://www.adafruit.com/category/63_98

These displays use SPI to communicate, 4 or 5 pins are required to
interface

Adafruit invests time and resources providing this open source code,
please support Adafruit and open-source hardware by purchasing
products from Adafruit!

Written by Limor Fried/Ladyada  for Adafruit Industries.
BSD license, check license.txt for more information
All text above, and the splash screen below must be included in any redistribution
*********************************************************************/

#ifdef __AVR__
  #include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32)
 #include <pgmspace.h>
#else
 #define pgm_read_byte(addr) (*(const unsigned char *)(addr))
#endif

#if !defined(__ARM_ARCH) && !defined(ENERGIA) && !defined(ESP8266) && !defined(ESP32) && !defined(__arc__)
 #include <util/delay.h>
#endif

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <Wire.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include "Adafruit_GFX.h"
#include "Adafruit_SSD1306.h"

// the memory buffer for the LCD

static uint8_t buffer[SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT * SSD1306_LCDWIDTH / 8] = {
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
#if (SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT * SSD1306_LCDWIDTH > 96*16)
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
#if (SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 64)
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
#endif
#endif
};

#define ssd1306_swap(a, b) { int16_t t = a; a = b; b = t; }

// the most basic function, set a single pixel
void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t color) {
  if ((x < 0) || (x >= width()) || (y < 0) || (y >= height()))
    return;

  // check rotation, move pixel around if necessary
  switch (getRotation()) {
  case 1:
    ssd1306_swap(x, y);
    x = WIDTH - x - 1;
    break;
  case 2:
    x = WIDTH - x - 1;
    y = HEIGHT - y - 1;
    break;
  case 3:
    ssd1306_swap(x, y);
    y = HEIGHT - y - 1;
    break;
  }

  // x is which column
    switch (color)
    {
      case WHITE:   buffer[x+ (y/8)*SSD1306_LCDWIDTH] |=  (1 << (y&7)); break;
      case BLACK:   buffer[x+ (y/8)*SSD1306_LCDWIDTH] &= ~(1 << (y&7)); break;
      case INVERSE: buffer[x+ (y/8)*SSD1306_LCDWIDTH] ^=  (1 << (y&7)); break;
    }

}

Adafruit_SSD1306::Adafruit_SSD1306(int8_t SID, int8_t SCLK, int8_t DC, int8_t RST, int8_t CS) : Adafruit_GFX(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH, SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT) {
  cs = CS;
  rst = RST;
  dc = DC;
  sclk = SCLK;
  sid = SID;
  hwSPI = false;
}

// constructor for hardware SPI - we indicate DataCommand, ChipSelect, Reset
Adafruit_SSD1306::Adafruit_SSD1306(int8_t DC, int8_t RST, int8_t CS) : Adafruit_GFX(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH, SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT) {
  dc = DC;
  rst = RST;
  cs = CS;
  hwSPI = true;
}

#ifdef ESP32
// ESP32 - constructor for hardware SPI - we indicate MISO, MOSI, SCLK, DataCommand, ChipSelect, Reset
Adafruit_SSD1306::Adafruit_SSD1306(int8_t mmiso, int8_t mmosi, int8_t msclk, int8_t DC, int8_t RST, int8_t CS, unsigned long clockspeed) : Adafruit_GFX(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH, SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT) {
  dc = DC;
  rst = RST;
  cs = CS;
  mymiso = mmiso;
  sid = mmosi;
  mysclk = msclk;
  hwSPI = true;
  _clockspeed = clockspeed;
}
#endif

// initializer for I2C - we only indicate the reset pin!
Adafruit_SSD1306::Adafruit_SSD1306(int8_t reset) :
Adafruit_GFX(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH, SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT) {
  sclk = dc = cs = sid = -1;
  rst = reset;
}


#if defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32)
void Adafruit_SSD1306::begin(uint8_t vccstate, uint8_t i2caddr, bool reset, uint8_t sdapin, uint8_t sclpin, unsigned long clockspeed) {
#else
void Adafruit_SSD1306::begin(uint8_t vccstate, uint8_t i2caddr, bool reset) {
#endif

  _vccstate = vccstate;
  _i2caddr = i2caddr;
#if defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32)
  _sdapin=sdapin;
  _sclpin=sclpin;
  _clockspeed = clockspeed;
#endif

  // set pin directions
  if (sid != -1){
    pinMode(dc, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(cs, OUTPUT);
    #ifdef HAVE_PORTREG
      csport      = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(cs));
      cspinmask   = digitalPinToBitMask(cs);
      dcport      = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(dc));
      dcpinmask   = digitalPinToBitMask(dc);
    #endif
    if (!hwSPI){
      // set pins for software-SPI
      pinMode(sid, OUTPUT);
      pinMode(sclk, OUTPUT);
      #ifdef HAVE_PORTREG
        clkport     = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(sclk));
        clkpinmask  = digitalPinToBitMask(sclk);
        mosiport    = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(sid));
        mosipinmask = digitalPinToBitMask(sid);
      #endif
      }
    if (hwSPI){
      #ifdef ESP32
        pinMode(dc, OUTPUT);
        pinMode(cs, OUTPUT);
        SPI.begin(mysclk, mymiso, sid, cs);
        SPI.setFrequency(_clockspeed);
      #else
        SPI.begin();
        #ifdef SPI_HAS_TRANSACTION
              SPI.beginTransaction(SPISettings(8000000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0));
        #else
              SPI.setClockDivider (4);
        #endif
      #endif
    }
  }
  else
  {
    // I2C Init
#if defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32)
    if (_sdapin != -1) {
      Wire.begin(_sdapin,_sclpin);
    } else {
      Wire.begin();  
    }
    Wire.setClock(_clockspeed);
#else
    Wire.begin();
#endif
#ifdef __SAM3X8E__
    // Force 400 KHz I2C, rawr! (Uses pins 20, 21 for SDA, SCL)
    TWI1->TWI_CWGR = 0;
    TWI1->TWI_CWGR = ((VARIANT_MCK / (2 * 400000)) - 4) * 0x101;
#endif
  }
  if ((reset) && (rst >= 0)) {
    // Setup reset pin direction (used by both SPI and I2C)
    pinMode(rst, OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(rst, HIGH);
    // VDD (3.3V) goes high at start, lets just chill for a ms
    delay(1);
    // bring reset low
    digitalWrite(rst, LOW);
    // wait 10ms
    delay(10);
    // bring out of reset
    digitalWrite(rst, HIGH);
    // turn on VCC (9V?)
  }

  // Init sequence
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DISPLAYOFF);                    // 0xAE
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETDISPLAYCLOCKDIV);            // 0xD5
  ssd1306_command(0x80);                                  // the suggested ratio 0x80

  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETMULTIPLEX);                  // 0xA8
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT - 1);

  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETDISPLAYOFFSET);              // 0xD3
  ssd1306_command(0x0);                                   // no offset
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETSTARTLINE | 0x0);            // line #0
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_CHARGEPUMP);                    // 0x8D
  if (vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC)
    { ssd1306_command(0x10); }
  else
    { ssd1306_command(0x14); }
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_MEMORYMODE);                    // 0x20
  ssd1306_command(0x00);                                  // 0x0 act like ks0108
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SEGREMAP | 0x1);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_COMSCANDEC);

 #if defined SSD1306_128_32
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCOMPINS);                    // 0xDA
  ssd1306_command(0x02);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCONTRAST);                   // 0x81
  ssd1306_command(0x8F);

#elif defined SSD1306_128_64
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCOMPINS);                    // 0xDA
  ssd1306_command(0x12);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCONTRAST);                   // 0x81
  if (vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC)
    { ssd1306_command(0x9F); }
  else
    { ssd1306_command(0xCF); }

#elif defined SSD1306_96_16
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCOMPINS);                    // 0xDA
  ssd1306_command(0x2);   //ada x12
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCONTRAST);                   // 0x81
  if (vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC)
    { ssd1306_command(0x10); }
  else
    { ssd1306_command(0xAF); }

#endif

  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETPRECHARGE);                  // 0xd9
  if (vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC)
    { ssd1306_command(0x22); }
  else
    { ssd1306_command(0xF1); }
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETVCOMDETECT);                 // 0xDB
  ssd1306_command(0x40);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DISPLAYALLON_RESUME);           // 0xA4
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_NORMALDISPLAY);                 // 0xA6

  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DEACTIVATE_SCROLL);

  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DISPLAYON);//--turn on oled panel
}


void Adafruit_SSD1306::invertDisplay(uint8_t i) {
  if (i) {
    ssd1306_command(SSD1306_INVERTDISPLAY);
  } else {
    ssd1306_command(SSD1306_NORMALDISPLAY);
  }
}

void Adafruit_SSD1306::ssd1306_command(uint8_t c) {
  if (sid != -1)
  {
    // SPI
#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG
    *csport |= cspinmask;
    *dcport &= ~dcpinmask;
    *csport &= ~cspinmask;
#else
    digitalWrite(cs, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(dc, LOW);
    digitalWrite(cs, LOW);
#endif
    fastSPIwrite(c);
#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG
    *csport |= cspinmask;
#else
    digitalWrite(cs, HIGH);
#endif
  }
  else
  {
    // I2C
    uint8_t control = 0x00;   // Co = 0, D/C = 0
    Wire.beginTransmission(_i2caddr);
    Wire.write(control);
    Wire.write(c);
    Wire.endTransmission();
  }
}

// startscrollright
// Activate a right handed scroll for rows start through stop
// Hint, the display is 16 rows tall. To scroll the whole display, run:
// display.scrollright(0x00, 0x0F)
void Adafruit_SSD1306::startscrollright(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop){
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_RIGHT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL);
  ssd1306_command(0X00);
  ssd1306_command(start);
  ssd1306_command(0X00);
  ssd1306_command(stop);
  ssd1306_command(0X00);
  ssd1306_command(0XFF);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_ACTIVATE_SCROLL);
}

// startscrollleft
// Activate a right handed scroll for rows start through stop
// Hint, the display is 16 rows tall. To scroll the whole display, run:
// display.scrollright(0x00, 0x0F)
void Adafruit_SSD1306::startscrollleft(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop){
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LEFT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL);
  ssd1306_command(0X00);
  ssd1306_command(start);
  ssd1306_command(0X00);
  ssd1306_command(stop);
  ssd1306_command(0X00);
  ssd1306_command(0XFF);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_ACTIVATE_SCROLL);
}

// startscrolldiagright
// Activate a diagonal scroll for rows start through stop
// Hint, the display is 16 rows tall. To scroll the whole display, run:
// display.scrollright(0x00, 0x0F)
void Adafruit_SSD1306::startscrolldiagright(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop){
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SET_VERTICAL_SCROLL_AREA);
  ssd1306_command(0X00);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_VERTICAL_AND_RIGHT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL);
  ssd1306_command(0X00);
  ssd1306_command(start);
  ssd1306_command(0X00);
  ssd1306_command(stop);
  ssd1306_command(0X01);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_ACTIVATE_SCROLL);
}

// startscrolldiagleft
// Activate a diagonal scroll for rows start through stop
// Hint, the display is 16 rows tall. To scroll the whole display, run:
// display.scrollright(0x00, 0x0F)
void Adafruit_SSD1306::startscrolldiagleft(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop){
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SET_VERTICAL_SCROLL_AREA);
  ssd1306_command(0X00);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_VERTICAL_AND_LEFT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL);
  ssd1306_command(0X00);
  ssd1306_command(start);
  ssd1306_command(0X00);
  ssd1306_command(stop);
  ssd1306_command(0X01);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_ACTIVATE_SCROLL);
}

void Adafruit_SSD1306::stopscroll(void){
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DEACTIVATE_SCROLL);
}

// Dim the display
// dim = true: display is dimmed
// dim = false: display is normal
void Adafruit_SSD1306::dim(boolean dim) {
  uint8_t contrast;

  if (dim) {
    contrast = 0; // Dimmed display
  } else {
    if (_vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC) {
      contrast = 0x9F;
    } else {
      contrast = 0xCF;
    }
  }
  // the range of contrast to too small to be really useful
  // it is useful to dim the display
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCONTRAST);
  ssd1306_command(contrast);
}

void Adafruit_SSD1306::display(void) {
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_COLUMNADDR);
  ssd1306_command(0);   // Column start address (0 = reset)
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH-1); // Column end address (127 = reset)

  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_PAGEADDR);
  ssd1306_command(0); // Page start address (0 = reset)
  #if SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 64
    ssd1306_command(7); // Page end address
  #endif
  #if SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 32
    ssd1306_command(3); // Page end address
  #endif
  #if SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 16
    ssd1306_command(1); // Page end address
  #endif

  if (sid != -1)
  {
    // SPI
#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG
    *csport |= cspinmask;
    *dcport |= dcpinmask;
    *csport &= ~cspinmask;
#else
    digitalWrite(cs, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(dc, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(cs, LOW);
#endif

    for (uint16_t i=0; i<(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH*SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT/8); i++) {
      fastSPIwrite(buffer[i]);
    }
#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG
    *csport |= cspinmask;
#else
    digitalWrite(cs, HIGH);
#endif
  }
  else
  {
    // save I2C bitrate
#ifdef TWBR
    uint8_t twbrbackup = TWBR;
    TWBR = 12; // upgrade to 400KHz!
#endif

    //Serial.println(TWBR, DEC);
    //Serial.println(TWSR & 0x3, DEC);

    // I2C
    for (uint16_t i=0; i<(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH*SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT/8); i++) {
      // send a bunch of data in one xmission
      Wire.beginTransmission(_i2caddr);
      WIRE_WRITE(0x40);
      for (uint8_t x=0; x<16; x++) {
        WIRE_WRITE(buffer[i]);
        i++;
      }
      i--;
      Wire.endTransmission();
    }
#ifdef TWBR
    TWBR = twbrbackup;
#endif
  }
}

// clear everything
void Adafruit_SSD1306::clearDisplay(void) {
  memset(buffer, 0, (SSD1306_LCDWIDTH*SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT/8));
}


inline void Adafruit_SSD1306::fastSPIwrite(uint8_t d) {

  if(hwSPI) {
    (void)SPI.transfer(d);
  } else {
    for(uint8_t bit = 0x80; bit; bit >>= 1) {
#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG
      *clkport &= ~clkpinmask;
      if(d & bit) *mosiport |=  mosipinmask;
      else        *mosiport &= ~mosipinmask;
      *clkport |=  clkpinmask;
#else
      digitalWrite(sclk, LOW);
      if(d & bit) digitalWrite(sid, HIGH);
      else        digitalWrite(sid, LOW);
      digitalWrite(sclk, HIGH);
#endif
    }
  }
}

void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawFastHLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, uint16_t color) {
  boolean bSwap = false;
  switch(rotation) {
    case 0:
      // 0 degree rotation, do nothing
      break;
    case 1:
      // 90 degree rotation, swap x & y for rotation, then invert x
      bSwap = true;
      ssd1306_swap(x, y);
      x = WIDTH - x - 1;
      break;
    case 2:
      // 180 degree rotation, invert x and y - then shift y around for height.
      x = WIDTH - x - 1;
      y = HEIGHT - y - 1;
      x -= (w-1);
      break;
    case 3:
      // 270 degree rotation, swap x & y for rotation, then invert y  and adjust y for w (not to become h)
      bSwap = true;
      ssd1306_swap(x, y);
      y = HEIGHT - y - 1;
      y -= (w-1);
      break;
  }

  if(bSwap) {
    drawFastVLineInternal(x, y, w, color);
  } else {
    drawFastHLineInternal(x, y, w, color);
  }
}

void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawFastHLineInternal(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, uint16_t color) {
  // Do bounds/limit checks
  if(y < 0 || y >= HEIGHT) { return; }

  // make sure we don't try to draw below 0
  if(x < 0) {
    w += x;
    x = 0;
  }

  // make sure we don't go off the edge of the display
  if( (x + w) > WIDTH) {
    w = (WIDTH - x);
  }

  // if our width is now negative, punt
  if(w <= 0) { return; }

  // set up the pointer for  movement through the buffer
  register uint8_t *pBuf = buffer;
  // adjust the buffer pointer for the current row
  pBuf += ((y/8) * SSD1306_LCDWIDTH);
  // and offset x columns in
  pBuf += x;

  register uint8_t mask = 1 << (y&7);

  switch (color)
  {
  case WHITE:         while(w--) { *pBuf++ |= mask; }; break;
    case BLACK: mask = ~mask;   while(w--) { *pBuf++ &= mask; }; break;
  case INVERSE:         while(w--) { *pBuf++ ^= mask; }; break;
  }
}

void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawFastVLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t h, uint16_t color) {
  bool bSwap = false;
  switch(rotation) {
    case 0:
      break;
    case 1:
      // 90 degree rotation, swap x & y for rotation, then invert x and adjust x for h (now to become w)
      bSwap = true;
      ssd1306_swap(x, y);
      x = WIDTH - x - 1;
      x -= (h-1);
      break;
    case 2:
      // 180 degree rotation, invert x and y - then shift y around for height.
      x = WIDTH - x - 1;
      y = HEIGHT - y - 1;
      y -= (h-1);
      break;
    case 3:
      // 270 degree rotation, swap x & y for rotation, then invert y
      bSwap = true;
      ssd1306_swap(x, y);
      y = HEIGHT - y - 1;
      break;
  }

  if(bSwap) {
    drawFastHLineInternal(x, y, h, color);
  } else {
    drawFastVLineInternal(x, y, h, color);
  }
}


void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawFastVLineInternal(int16_t x, int16_t __y, int16_t __h, uint16_t color) {

  // do nothing if we're off the left or right side of the screen
  if(x < 0 || x >= WIDTH) { return; }

  // make sure we don't try to draw below 0
  if(__y < 0) {
    // __y is negative, this will subtract enough from __h to account for __y being 0
    __h += __y;
    __y = 0;

  }

  // make sure we don't go past the height of the display
  if( (__y + __h) > HEIGHT) {
    __h = (HEIGHT - __y);
  }

  // if our height is now negative, punt
  if(__h <= 0) {
    return;
  }

  // this display doesn't need ints for coordinates, use local byte registers for faster juggling
  register uint8_t y = __y;
  register uint8_t h = __h;


  // set up the pointer for fast movement through the buffer
  register uint8_t *pBuf = buffer;
  // adjust the buffer pointer for the current row
  pBuf += ((y/8) * SSD1306_LCDWIDTH);
  // and offset x columns in
  pBuf += x;

  // do the first partial byte, if necessary - this requires some masking
  register uint8_t mod = (y&7);
  if(mod) {
    // mask off the high n bits we want to set
    mod = 8-mod;

    // note - lookup table results in a nearly 10% performance improvement in fill* functions
    // register uint8_t mask = ~(0xFF >> (mod));
    static uint8_t premask[8] = {0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFC, 0xFE };
    register uint8_t mask = premask[mod];

    // adjust the mask if we're not going to reach the end of this byte
    if( h < mod) {
      mask &= (0XFF >> (mod-h));
    }

  switch (color)
    {
    case WHITE:   *pBuf |=  mask;  break;
    case BLACK:   *pBuf &= ~mask;  break;
    case INVERSE: *pBuf ^=  mask;  break;
    }

    // fast exit if we're done here!
    if(h<mod) { return; }

    h -= mod;

    pBuf += SSD1306_LCDWIDTH;
  }


  // write solid bytes while we can - effectively doing 8 rows at a time
  if(h >= 8) {
    if (color == INVERSE)  {          // separate copy of the code so we don't impact performance of the black/white write version with an extra comparison per loop
      do  {
      *pBuf=~(*pBuf);

        // adjust the buffer forward 8 rows worth of data
        pBuf += SSD1306_LCDWIDTH;

        // adjust h & y (there's got to be a faster way for me to do this, but this should still help a fair bit for now)
        h -= 8;
      } while(h >= 8);
      }
    else {
      // store a local value to work with
      register uint8_t val = (color == WHITE) ? 255 : 0;

      do  {
        // write our value in
      *pBuf = val;

        // adjust the buffer forward 8 rows worth of data
        pBuf += SSD1306_LCDWIDTH;

        // adjust h & y (there's got to be a faster way for me to do this, but this should still help a fair bit for now)
        h -= 8;
      } while(h >= 8);
      }
    }

  // now do the final partial byte, if necessary
  if(h) {
    mod = h & 7;
    // this time we want to mask the low bits of the byte, vs the high bits we did above
    // register uint8_t mask = (1 << mod) - 1;
    // note - lookup table results in a nearly 10% performance improvement in fill* functions
    static uint8_t postmask[8] = {0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x07, 0x0F, 0x1F, 0x3F, 0x7F };
    register uint8_t mask = postmask[mod];
    switch (color)
    {
      case WHITE:   *pBuf |=  mask;  break;
      case BLACK:   *pBuf &= ~mask;  break;
      case INVERSE: *pBuf ^=  mask;  break;
    }
  }
}