Tutorial - Automatic Weather Station

Requirements:

ESP32
Laptop
USB wire
DF Robot Environment Sensor
Adapter
Strong wifi
Basic Python and HTML (optional) language
Thonny Desktop
Thingspeak account

Dowload app

Download Thonny

https://thonny.org/
Create account Thingspeak

Single Sign On - ThingSpeak IoT

1. Hardware setup

Thonny setup
- Connect your ESP32 to your laptop through USB or Type C wire
- Open Thonny and choose run and choose “Configure interpreter”
- Choose microPython and port that your laptop connect to ESP32
- Click “Install or update Micropython” to download firmware to ESP32 (so that ESP32 can run Thonny code (Python))
Connect DF Robot Environmental sensor to I2C port in shell of ESP32

2. Software setup

Install Thonny IDE
Create Thingspeak account and create channel

3. Thingspeak setup

Create a channel
Name a channel and choose field for your project (max: 8 fields). Save channel
Remember the channel id. Note: The id is different in every channel so check the channel id carefully
Sharing the project to public view so everyone can see it.
Check and remember the API KEYS for read and write

4. Python code

Code

import machine
import urequests
import ujson as json
import time
import network

# Define the I2C address and communication modes
I2C_MODE = 0x01
UART_MODE = 0x02
DEV_ADDRESS = 0x22

HPA = 0x01
KPA = 0x02
TEMP_C = 0x03
TEMP_F = 0x04

HTTP_HEADERS = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'} 
THINGSPEAK_WRITE_API_KEY = 'CECWK4EDQD9CRCJW'
THINGSPEAK_CHANNEL_ID= '2604448'
THINGSPEAK_READ_API_KEY = 'UQNBZGODZAF499TP'
USER_API_KEY = 'MQHY981MRKM29ZDE'

ssid='MakerLab.vn' 
password='' 

sta_if=network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
sta_if.active(True)

if not sta_if.isconnected():
    print('connecting to network...')
    sta_if.connect(ssid, password)
    while not sta_if.isconnected():
     pass
print('network config:', sta_if.ifconfig())
'''url = f'https://api.thingspeak.com/channels/2604448/feeds.json?api_key=MQHY981MRKM29ZDE'
response = urequests.delete(url, headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'api_key': USER_API_KEY})

# Check the response
print(f'Status Code: {response.status_code}')
print(f'Response Text: {response.text}')

if response.status_code == 200:
    print('ThingSpeak data cleared successfully')
else:
    print('Failed to clear ThingSpeak data')

response.close()'''

field1_request = 'https://api.thingspeak.com/channels/2604448/fields/1/last.json'

class DFRobot_Environmental_Sensor():
    def __init__(self, i2cbus=None, baud=9600):
        self.i2cbus = i2cbus
        self._baud = baud
        self._uart_i2c = I2C_MODE if i2cbus else UART_MODE
        self._addr = None

    def _detect_device_address(self):
        rbuf = self._read_reg(0x04, 2)
        if self._uart_i2c == I2C_MODE:
            data = rbuf[0] << 8 | rbuf[1]
        elif self._uart_i2c == UART_MODE:
            data = rbuf[0]
        return data

    def begin(self):
        if self._detect_device_address() != DEV_ADDRESS:
            return False
        return True

    def _read_reg(self, reg_addr, length):
        try:
            if self._uart_i2c == I2C_MODE:
                rslt = self.i2cbus.readfrom_mem(self._addr, reg_addr, length)
            elif self._uart_i2c == UART_MODE:
                # Implement UART read here if needed
                rslt = [-1] * length
        except Exception as e:
            print("Error reading register:", e)
            rslt = [-1] * length
        return rslt

    def get_temperature(self, units):
        rbuf = self._read_reg(0x14, 2)
        if self._uart_i2c == I2C_MODE:
            data = rbuf[0] << 8 | rbuf[1]
        elif self._uart_i2c == UART_MODE:
            data = rbuf[0]
        temp = (-45) + ((data * 175.00) / 1024.00 / 64.00)
        if units == TEMP_F:
            temp = temp * 1.8 + 32
        return round(temp, 2)

    def get_humidity(self):
        rbuf = self._read_reg(0x16, 2)
        if self._uart_i2c == I2C_MODE:
            humidity = rbuf[0] << 8 | rbuf[1]
        elif self._uart_i2c == UART_MODE:
            humidity = rbuf[0]
        humidity = (humidity / 1024) * 100 / 64
        return humidity

    def get_ultraviolet_intensity(self):
        version = self._read_reg(0x05, 2)
        if (version[0] << 8 | version[1]) == 0x1001:
            rbuf = self._read_reg(0x10, 2)
            data = rbuf[0] << 8 | rbuf[1]
            ultraviolet = data / 1800
        else:
            rbuf = self._read_reg(0x10, 2)
            if self._uart_i2c == I2C_MODE:
                data = rbuf[0] << 8 | rbuf[1]
            elif self._uart_i2c == UART_MODE:
                data = rbuf[0]
            outputVoltage = 3.0 * data / 1024
            ultraviolet = abs((outputVoltage - 0.99) * (15.0 - 0.0) / (2.9 - 0.99) + 0.0)/25
        return round(ultraviolet, 2)

    def get_luminousintensity(self):
        rbuf = self._read_reg(0x12, 2)
        if self._uart_i2c == I2C_MODE:
            data = rbuf[0] << 8 | rbuf[1]
        elif self._uart_i2c == UART_MODE:
            data = rbuf[0]
        luminous = data * (1.0023 + data * (8.1488e-5 + data * (-9.3924e-9 + data * 6.0135e-13)))
        return round(luminous, 2)

    def get_atmosphere_pressure(self, units):
        rbuf = self._read_reg(0x18, 2)
        if self._uart_i2c == I2C_MODE:
            atmosphere = rbuf[0] << 8 | rbuf[1]
        elif self._uart_i2c == UART_MODE:
            atmosphere = rbuf[0]
        if units == KPA:
            atmosphere /= 10
        return atmosphere

    def get_elevation(self):
        rbuf = self._read_reg(0x18, 2)
        if self._uart_i2c == I2C_MODE:
            elevation = rbuf[0] << 8 | rbuf[1]
        elif self._uart_i2c == UART_MODE:
            elevation = rbuf[0]
        elevation = 44330 * (1.0 - pow(elevation / 1015.0, 0.1903))
        return round(elevation, 2)

class DFRobot_Environmental_Sensor_I2C(DFRobot_Environmental_Sensor):
    def __init__(self, i2cbus, addr):
        super().__init__(i2cbus)
        self._addr = addr

    def _read_reg(self, reg_addr, length):
        return self.i2cbus.readfrom_mem(self._addr, reg_addr, length)

class DFRobot_Environmental_Sensor_UART(DFRobot_Environmental_Sensor):
    def __init__(self, baud, addr):
        super().__init__(None, baud)
        self._addr = addr
        # Initialize UART here if needed

    def _read_reg(self, reg_addr, length):
        # Implement UART read here if needed
        return [-1] * length

def setup():
    i2c = machine.I2C(0, scl=machine.Pin(22), sda=machine.Pin(21))
    sensor = DFRobot_Environmental_Sensor_I2C(i2c, DEV_ADDRESS)
    
    if not sensor.begin():
        print("Sensor initialization failed!!")
        return

    print("Sensor initialization success!!")

    while True:
        temperature_c = sensor.get_temperature(TEMP_C)
        temperature_f = sensor.get_temperature(TEMP_F)
        humidity = sensor.get_humidity()
        ultraviolet_intensity = sensor.get_ultraviolet_intensity()
        luminous_intensity = sensor.get_luminousintensity()
        atmospheric_pressure = sensor.get_atmosphere_pressure(HPA)
        elevation = sensor.get_elevation()
        
        print("-----------------------")
        print("Temp: " + str(temperature_c) + " °C")
        print("Temp: " + str(temperature_f) + " °F")
        print("Humidity: " + str(humidity) + " %")
        print("Ultraviolet intensity: " + str(ultraviolet_intensity) + " mw/cm2")
        print("Luminous Intensity: " + str(luminous_intensity) + " lx")
        print("Atmospheric pressure: " + str(atmospheric_pressure) + " hPa")
        print("Elevation: " + str(elevation) + " m")
        print("-----------------------")
        
        sensor_reading = {'field1':temperature_c, 'field2':humidity, 'field3':ultraviolet_intensity, 'field4':luminous_intensity, 'field5':atmospheric_pressure, 'field6': elevation}
        print(sensor_reading) 
        request = urequests.post( 'http://api.thingspeak.com/update?api_key=' + THINGSPEAK_WRITE_API_KEY,json = sensor_reading, headers = HTTP_HEADERS )  
        request.close()
        time.sleep(1)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    setup()

Explain

Imports and Configuration
```
import machine
import urequests
import ujson as json
import time
import network
```
- machine: A module for interacting with hardware components like pins and I2C buses.
- urequests: A library for making HTTP requests, used here to send data to ThingSpeak.
- ujson: A module for working with JSON data, used to format the data being sent.
- time: Provides time-related functions, used to control timing between sensor readings.
- network: Handles network-related tasks, such as connecting to Wi-Fi.

Constants and Configuration

I2C_MODE = 0x01
UART_MODE = 0x02
DEV_ADDRESS = 0x22

HPA = 0x01
KPA = 0x02
TEMP_C = 0x03
TEMP_F = 0x04

Wi-Fi Connection Setup

ssid='MakerLab.vn' # Wi-Fi network name
password='' # Wi-Fi password

sta_if=network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
sta_if.active(True)
if not sta_if.isconnected():
    print('connecting to network...')
    sta_if.connect(ssid, password)
    while not sta_if.isconnected():
        pass
print('network config:', sta_if.ifconfig())

This block connects the ESP32 to the specified Wi-Fi network. If not connected, it attempts to connect and waits until successful.

Setup function

def setup():
    i2c = machine.I2C(0, scl=machine.Pin(22), sda=machine.Pin(21))
    sensor = DFRobot_Environmental_Sensor_I2C(i2c, DEV_ADDRESS)
    
    if not sensor.begin():
        print("Sensor initialization failed!!")
        return

    print("Sensor initialization success!!")

Data Collection and Uploading

while True:
    temperature_c = sensor.get_temperature(TEMP_C)
    temperature_f = sensor.get_temperature(TEMP_F)
    humidity = sensor.get_humidity()
    ultraviolet_intensity = sensor.get_ultraviolet_intensity()
    luminous_intensity = sensor.get_luminousintensity()
    atmospheric_pressure = sensor.get_atmosphere_pressure(HPA)
    elevation = sensor.get_elevation()

sensor_reading = {'field1':temperature_c, 'field2':humidity, 'field3':ultraviolet_intensity, 'field4':luminous_intensity, 'field5':atmospheric_pressure, 'field6': elevation}
request = urequests.post( 'http://api.thingspeak.com/update?api_key=' + THINGSPEAK_WRITE_API_KEY,json = sensor_reading, headers = HTTP_HEADERS )  
request.close()
time.sleep(1)

5. Web Platform

To implement real-time weather and air quality updates on a web platform, the OpenWeatherMap API can be utilized effectively. Below is a guide on how to integrate this functionality using a JavaScript script within your web application.

Setting Up Your HTML Elements

Before integrating the API, ensure your HTML file contains the necessary elements to display the weather data and air quality information. The script provided interacts with elements like .date, .temp, .weather-content, and several pollutant-specific elements. Here is an example structure:

<div class="weather-widget">
    <div class="date"></div>
    <div class="temp"></div>
    <div class="temp-format"></div>
    <div class="weather-content"></div>
    <div class="aqi-value"></div>
    <div class="pollutants">
        <div class="co"></div>
        <div class="no"></div>
        <div class="no2"></div>
        <div class="o3"></div>
        <div class="so2"></div>
        <div class="pm2_5"></div>
        <div class="pm10"></div>
        <div class="nh3"></div>
    </div>
</div>

Integrating the OpenWeatherMap API

To access the OpenWeatherMap API, you need an API key. Replace the placeholder in the script with your actual key. Also, specify the city or coordinates for which you want to fetch the weather and air quality data.

const apiKey = 'YOUR_API_KEY';
const city = 'Ho Chi Minh City';

Alternatively, if you want to use geographical coordinates:

const lat = 10.8231;  // Latitude for Ho Chi Minh City
const lon = 106.6297; // Longitude for Ho Chi Minh City

Weather Data Fetching

The script uses the weather endpoint to retrieve current weather data such as temperature, weather condition, and description. It then updates the respective HTML elements with this data.

function updateWeather() {
    fetch(weatherApiUrl)
        .then(response => response.json())
        .then(data => {
            const temperature = data.main.temp;
            const tempMax = data.main.temp_max;
            const tempMin = data.main.temp_min;
            const weatherCondition = data.weather[0].main;
            const weatherDescription = data.weather[0].description;

            tempElement.innerHTML = `${temperature.toFixed(1)}°C`;
            tempFormatElement.innerHTML = `High/Low: ${tempMax.toFixed(1)}°C / ${tempMin.toFixed(1)}°C`;
            weatherContentElement.innerHTML = `${weatherCondition} (${weatherDescription.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + weatherDescription.slice(1)})`;
        })
        .catch(error => {
            console.error('Error fetching weather data:', error);
            tempElement.innerHTML = 'Temp not available';
            tempFormatElement.innerHTML = 'High/Low: N/A / N/A';
            weatherContentElement.innerHTML = 'Weather not available';
        });
}

Air Quality Data Fetching

The air pollution endpoint provides data on the Air Quality Index (AQI) and concentrations of various pollutants. The script processes this information and updates the respective pollutant elements.

function updateAirQuality() {
    fetch(airPollutionApiUrl)
        .then(response => response.json())
        .then(data => {
            const aqi = data.list[0].main.aqi;
            const components = data.list[0].components;

            aqiValueElement.innerHTML = `AQI Level: <span class="aqi-number">${aqi}</span>`;
            document.querySelector('.aqi-number').classList.add(`value-${aqi}`);

            pollutantElements.co.innerHTML = `${components.co.toFixed(1)} µg/m³`;
            pollutantElements.no.innerHTML = `${components.no.toFixed(1)} µg/m³`;
            pollutantElements.no2.innerHTML = `${components.no2.toFixed(1)} µg/m³`;
            pollutantElements.o3.innerHTML = `${components.o3.toFixed(1)} µg/m³`;
            pollutantElements.so2.innerHTML = `${components.so2.toFixed(1)} µg/m³`;
            pollutantElements.pm2_5.innerHTML = `${components.pm2_5.toFixed(1)} µg/m³`;
            pollutantElements.pm10.innerHTML = `${components.pm10.toFixed(1)} µg/m³`;
            pollutantElements.nh3.innerHTML = `${components.nh3.toFixed(1)} µg/m³`;
        })
        .catch(error => {
            console.error('Error fetching air quality data:', error);
            aqiValueElement.innerHTML = 'AQI data not available';
            Object.keys(pollutantElements).forEach(key => {
                pollutantElements[key].innerHTML = 'N/A';
            });
        });
}

Automatically Updating Data

The data updates every minute using the setInterval function. This ensures that your web application always displays the latest weather and air quality information.

setInterval(updateDate, 60000);
setInterval(updateWeather, 60000);
setInterval(updateAirQuality, 60000);

Error Handling

The script includes error handling to display fallback messages if the API requests fail. This ensures that the user interface remains informative even when the API is inaccessible.

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DOCUMENTATION.md

DOCUMENTATION.md

Tutorial - Automatic Weather Station

Requirements:

Dowload app

1. Hardware setup

2. Software setup

3. Thingspeak setup

4. Python code

5. Web Platform

Setting Up Your HTML Elements

Integrating the OpenWeatherMap API

Weather Data Fetching

Air Quality Data Fetching

Automatically Updating Data

Error Handling

Files

DOCUMENTATION.md

Latest commit

History

DOCUMENTATION.md

File metadata and controls

Tutorial - Automatic Weather Station

Requirements:

Dowload app

1. Hardware setup

2. Software setup

3. Thingspeak setup

4. Python code

5. Web Platform

Setting Up Your HTML Elements

Integrating the OpenWeatherMap API

Weather Data Fetching

Air Quality Data Fetching

Automatically Updating Data

Error Handling