diff --git a/.changeset/plenty-apples-dream.md b/.changeset/plenty-apples-dream.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a295f047f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/plenty-apples-dream.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+"effect-app": minor
+"@effect-app/schema": minor
+---
+
+fix branded schemas
diff --git a/packages/prelude/src/schema.ts b/packages/prelude/src/schema.ts
index aedf15323..b886108a0 100644
--- a/packages/prelude/src/schema.ts
+++ b/packages/prelude/src/schema.ts
@@ -1,37 +1,30 @@
 import { Option, pipe, ReadonlyArray } from "@effect-app/core"
-import { isValidEmail, isValidPhone } from "@effect-app/core/validation"
-import { type A, type Email as EmailT, fromBrand, nominal, type PhoneNumber as PhoneNumberT } from "@effect-app/schema"
+import { type A, type Email as EmailT, type PhoneNumber as PhoneNumberT } from "@effect-app/schema"
 import * as S from "@effect-app/schema"
 import { fakerArb } from "./faker.js"
 import { extendM } from "./utils.js"
 
+export * from "@effect-app/schema"
+
 export const Email = S
-  .string
+  .Email
   .pipe(
-    S.filter(isValidEmail, {
-      title: "Email",
-      description: "an email according to RFC 5322",
-      jsonSchema: { format: "email" },
+    S.annotations({
       // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unbound-method
-      arbitrary: (): A.Arbitrary<string> => fakerArb((faker) => faker.internet.exampleEmail)
+      arbitrary: (): A.Arbitrary<Email> => (fc) => fakerArb((faker) => faker.internet.exampleEmail)(fc).map(Email)
     }),
-    fromBrand(nominal<Email>(), { jsonSchema: {} }),
     S.withDefaults
   )
 
 export type Email = EmailT
 
 export const PhoneNumber = S
-  .string
+  .PhoneNumber
   .pipe(
-    S.filter(isValidPhone, {
-      title: "PhoneNumber",
-      description: "a phone number with at least 7 digits",
-      jsonSchema: { format: "phone" },
+    S.annotations({
       // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unbound-method
-      arbitrary: (): A.Arbitrary<string> => fakerArb((faker) => faker.phone.number)
+      arbitrary: (): A.Arbitrary<PhoneNumber> => (fc) => fakerArb((faker) => faker.phone.number)(fc).map(PhoneNumber)
     }),
-    fromBrand(nominal<PhoneNumber>(), { jsonSchema: {} }),
     S.withDefaults
   )
 
@@ -92,5 +85,3 @@ export const taggedUnion = <Members extends readonly S.Schema<{ _tag: string },
   pipe(S.union(...a), (_) => extendM(_, (_) => ({ is: makeIs(_), isAnyOf: makeIsAnyOf(_) })))
 
 export type PhoneNumber = PhoneNumberT
-
-export * from "@effect-app/schema"
diff --git a/packages/prelude/test/schema.test.ts b/packages/prelude/test/schema.test.ts
index b8a04137b..1d766da50 100644
--- a/packages/prelude/test/schema.test.ts
+++ b/packages/prelude/test/schema.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
-import { StringId } from "@effect-app/schema"
+import { generateFromArbitrary } from "@effect-app/infra/test.arbs"
+import { JSONSchema } from "@effect/schema"
+import { ReadonlyArray, S } from "effect-app"
 import { test } from "vitest"
 
+const A = S.struct({ a: S.NonEmptyString255, email: S.nullable(S.Email) })
 test("works", () => {
-  console.log(StringId.make())
+  console.log(S.StringId.make())
+  console.log(generateFromArbitrary(S.A.make(A)).value)
+  console.log(S.AST.getTitleAnnotation(S.Email.ast))
+  console.log(S.AST.getDescriptionAnnotation(S.Email.ast))
+  console.log(S.AST.getJSONSchemaAnnotation(S.Email.ast))
+  console.log(JSONSchema.make(S.Email))
+  console.log(S.decodeEither(A, { errors: "all" })({ a: ReadonlyArray.range(1, 256).join(""), email: "hello" }))
 })
diff --git a/packages/schema/src/email.ts b/packages/schema/src/email.ts
index f340805a9..fda90eb74 100644
--- a/packages/schema/src/email.ts
+++ b/packages/schema/src/email.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+import type { Refinement } from "@effect-app/core/Function"
 import { isValidEmail } from "@effect-app/core/validation"
 import * as S from "@effect/schema/Schema"
 import type { Simplify } from "effect/Types"
-import { fromBrand, nominal } from "./brand.js"
 import { withDefaults } from "./ext.js"
 import type { B } from "./schema.js"
 import type { NonEmptyStringBrand } from "./strings.js"
@@ -13,13 +13,12 @@ export type Email = string & EmailBrand
 export const Email = S
   .string
   .pipe(
-    S.filter(isValidEmail, {
+    S.filter(isValidEmail as Refinement<string, Email>, {
+      identifier: "Email",
       title: "Email",
       description: "an email according to RFC 5322",
       jsonSchema: { format: "email" },
       arbitrary: () => (fc) => fc.emailAddress()
     }),
-    fromBrand(nominal<Email>(), { jsonSchema: {} }),
-    S.identifier("Email"),
     withDefaults
   )
diff --git a/packages/schema/src/moreStrings.ts b/packages/schema/src/moreStrings.ts
index 62e554324..1e7c07ce5 100644
--- a/packages/schema/src/moreStrings.ts
+++ b/packages/schema/src/moreStrings.ts
@@ -27,9 +27,8 @@ export type NonEmptyString50 = string & NonEmptyString50Brand
  * A string that is at least 1 character long and a maximum of 50.
  */
 export const NonEmptyString50 = NonEmptyString.pipe(
-  S.maxLength(50, { title: "NonEmptyString50" }),
-  fromBrand(nominal<NonEmptyString2k>(), { jsonSchema: {} }),
-  S.identifier("NonEmptyString50"),
+  S.maxLength(50),
+  fromBrand(nominal<NonEmptyString2k>(), { identifier: "NonEmptyString50", title: "NonEmptyString50", jsonSchema: {} }),
   withDefaults
 )
 
@@ -49,9 +48,8 @@ export type Min3String255 = string & Min3String255Brand
 export const Min3String255 = pipe(
   S.string,
   S.minLength(3),
-  S.maxLength(255, { title: "Min3String255" }),
-  fromBrand(nominal<NonEmptyString2k>(), { jsonSchema: {} }),
-  S.identifier("Min3String255"),
+  S.maxLength(255),
+  fromBrand(nominal<NonEmptyString2k>(), { identifier: "Min3String255", title: "Min3String255", jsonSchema: {} }),
   withDefaults
 )
 
@@ -82,9 +80,13 @@ export const StringId = extendM(
   pipe(
     S.string,
     S.minLength(minLength),
-    S.maxLength(maxLength, { title: "StringId", arbitrary: StringIdArb }),
-    S.identifier("StringId"),
-    fromBrand(nominal<StringIdBrand>(), { jsonSchema: {} })
+    S.maxLength(maxLength),
+    fromBrand(nominal<StringIdBrand>(), {
+      identifier: "StringId",
+      title: "StringId",
+      arbitrary: StringIdArb,
+      jsonSchema: {}
+    })
   ),
   (s) => ({
     make: makeStringId,
@@ -125,7 +127,11 @@ export function prefixedStringId<Brand extends StringId>() {
       )
     const s: S.Schema<string & Brand, string> = StringId
       .pipe(
-        S.filter((x: StringId): x is Brand => x.startsWith(pref), { arbitrary: arb, title: name })
+        S.filter((x: StringId): x is string & Brand => x.startsWith(pref), {
+          arbitrary: arb,
+          identifier: name,
+          title: name
+        })
       )
     const schema = s.pipe(withDefaults)
     const make = () => (pref + StringId.make().substring(0, 50 - pref.length)) as Brand
@@ -173,20 +179,20 @@ export interface PrefixedStringUtils<
 
 export interface UrlBrand extends Simplify<B.Brand<"Url"> & NonEmptyStringBrand> {}
 
-export type Url = NonEmptyString & UrlBrand
+export type Url = string & UrlBrand
 
 const isUrl: Refinement<string, Url> = (s: string): s is Url => {
   return validator.default.isURL(s, { require_tld: false })
 }
 
-export const Url = NonEmptyString
+export const Url = S
+  .string
   .pipe(
     S.filter(isUrl, {
       arbitrary: (): Arbitrary<string> => (fc) => fc.webUrl(),
+      identifier: "Url",
       title: "Url",
       jsonSchema: { format: "uri" }
     }),
-    fromBrand(nominal<UrlBrand>(), { jsonSchema: {} }),
-    S.identifier("Url"),
     withDefaults
   )
diff --git a/packages/schema/src/numbers.ts b/packages/schema/src/numbers.ts
index 212a1c79a..4525fc765 100644
--- a/packages/schema/src/numbers.ts
+++ b/packages/schema/src/numbers.ts
@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ export interface PositiveIntBrand
 export const PositiveInt = extendM(
   S.Int.pipe(
     S.positive(),
-    fromBrand(nominal<PositiveIntBrand>(), { jsonSchema: {} }),
-    S.identifier("PositiveInt"),
+    fromBrand(nominal<PositiveIntBrand>(), { identifier: "PositiveInt", title: "PositiveInt", jsonSchema: {} }),
     withDefaults
   ),
   (s) => ({ withDefault: S.propertySignature(s, { default: () => s(1) }) })
@@ -23,8 +22,11 @@ export interface NonNegativeIntBrand extends Simplify<B.Brand<"NonNegativeInt">
 export const NonNegativeInt = extendM(
   S.Int.pipe(
     S.nonNegative(),
-    fromBrand(nominal<NonNegativeIntBrand>(), { jsonSchema: {} }),
-    S.identifier("NonNegativeInt"),
+    fromBrand(nominal<NonNegativeIntBrand>(), {
+      identifier: "NonNegativeInt",
+      title: "NonNegativeInt",
+      jsonSchema: {}
+    }),
     withDefaults
   ),
   (s) => ({ withDefault: S.propertySignature(s, { default: () => s(0) }) })
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ export type NonNegativeInt = S.Schema.Type<typeof NonNegativeInt>
 
 export interface IntBrand extends Simplify<B.Brand<"Int">> {}
 export const Int = extendM(
-  S.Int.pipe(fromBrand(nominal<IntBrand>(), { jsonSchema: {} }), S.identifier("Int"), withDefaults),
+  S.Int.pipe(fromBrand(nominal<IntBrand>(), { identifier: "Int", title: "Int", jsonSchema: {} }), withDefaults),
   (s) => ({ withDefault: S.propertySignature(s, { default: () => s(0) }) })
 )
 export type Int = S.Schema.Type<typeof Int>
@@ -42,8 +44,11 @@ export interface PositiveNumberBrand extends Simplify<B.Brand<"PositiveNumber">
 export const PositiveNumber = extendM(
   S.number.pipe(
     S.positive(),
-    fromBrand(nominal<PositiveNumberBrand>(), { jsonSchema: {} }),
-    S.identifier("PositiveNumber"),
+    fromBrand(nominal<PositiveNumberBrand>(), {
+      identifier: "PositiveNumber",
+      title: "PositiveNumber",
+      jsonSchema: {}
+    }),
     withDefaults
   ),
   (s) => ({ withDefault: S.propertySignature(s, { default: () => s(1) }) })
@@ -56,8 +61,11 @@ export const NonNegativeNumber = extendM(
     .number
     .pipe(
       S.nonNegative(),
-      fromBrand(nominal<NonNegativeNumberBrand>(), { jsonSchema: {} }),
-      S.identifier("NonNegativeNumber"),
+      fromBrand(nominal<NonNegativeNumberBrand>(), {
+        identifier: "NonNegativeNumber",
+        title: "NonNegativeNumber",
+        jsonSchema: {}
+      }),
       withDefaults
     ),
   (s) => ({ withDefault: S.propertySignature(s, { default: () => s(0) }) })
diff --git a/packages/schema/src/phoneNumber.ts b/packages/schema/src/phoneNumber.ts
index 3de7e42e5..55a5cae3e 100644
--- a/packages/schema/src/phoneNumber.ts
+++ b/packages/schema/src/phoneNumber.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+import type { Refinement } from "@effect-app/core/Function"
 import { isValidPhone } from "@effect-app/core/validation"
 import * as S from "@effect/schema/Schema"
 import type { Simplify } from "effect/Types"
-import { fromBrand, nominal } from "./brand.js"
 import { withDefaults } from "./ext.js"
 import { Numbers } from "./FastCheck.js"
 import type { B } from "./schema.js"
@@ -13,13 +13,12 @@ export type PhoneNumber = string & PhoneNumberBrand
 export const PhoneNumber = S
   .string
   .pipe(
-    S.filter(isValidPhone, {
+    S.filter(isValidPhone as Refinement<string, PhoneNumber>, {
+      identifier: "PhoneNumber",
       title: "PhoneNumber",
       description: "a phone number with at least 7 digits",
       arbitrary: () => Numbers(7, 10),
       jsonSchema: { format: "phone" }
     }),
-    fromBrand(nominal<PhoneNumber>(), { jsonSchema: {} }),
-    S.identifier("PhoneNumber"),
     withDefaults
   )
diff --git a/packages/schema/src/strings.ts b/packages/schema/src/strings.ts
index 46985b1ff..46198d5d2 100644
--- a/packages/schema/src/strings.ts
+++ b/packages/schema/src/strings.ts
@@ -4,14 +4,13 @@ import type { Simplify } from "effect/Types"
 import { fromBrand, nominal } from "./brand.js"
 import { withDefaults } from "./ext.js"
 
-const nonEmptyString = S.string.pipe(S.nonEmpty({ title: "NonEmptyString" }))
+const nonEmptyString = S.string.pipe(S.nonEmpty())
 
 export type NonEmptyStringBrand = B.Brand<"NonEmptyString">
 export type NonEmptyString = string & NonEmptyStringBrand
 export const NonEmptyString = nonEmptyString
   .pipe(
-    fromBrand(nominal<NonEmptyString>(), { jsonSchema: {} }),
-    S.identifier("NonEmptyString"),
+    fromBrand(nominal<NonEmptyString>(), { identifier: "NonEmptyString", title: "NonEmptyString", jsonSchema: {} }),
     withDefaults
   )
 
@@ -19,9 +18,12 @@ export interface NonEmptyString64kBrand extends Simplify<B.Brand<"NonEmptyString
 export type NonEmptyString64k = string & NonEmptyString64kBrand
 export const NonEmptyString64k = nonEmptyString
   .pipe(
-    S.maxLength(64 * 1024, { title: "NonEmptyString64k" }),
-    fromBrand(nominal<NonEmptyString64k>(), { jsonSchema: {} }),
-    S.identifier("NonEmptyString64k"),
+    S.maxLength(64 * 1024),
+    fromBrand(nominal<NonEmptyString64k>(), {
+      identifier: "NonEmptyString64k",
+      title: "NonEmptyString64k",
+      jsonSchema: {}
+    }),
     withDefaults
   )
 
@@ -29,9 +31,12 @@ export interface NonEmptyString2kBrand extends Simplify<B.Brand<"NonEmptyString2
 export type NonEmptyString2k = string & NonEmptyString2kBrand
 export const NonEmptyString2k = nonEmptyString
   .pipe(
-    S.maxLength(2 * 1024, { title: "NonEmptyString2k" }),
-    fromBrand(nominal<NonEmptyString2k>(), { jsonSchema: {} }),
-    S.identifier("NonEmptyString2k"),
+    S.maxLength(2 * 1024),
+    fromBrand(nominal<NonEmptyString2k>(), {
+      identifier: "NonEmptyString2k",
+      title: "NonEmptyString2k",
+      jsonSchema: {}
+    }),
     withDefaults
   )
 
@@ -39,8 +44,11 @@ export interface NonEmptyString255Brand extends Simplify<B.Brand<"NonEmptyString
 export type NonEmptyString255 = string & NonEmptyString255Brand
 export const NonEmptyString255 = nonEmptyString
   .pipe(
-    S.maxLength(255, { title: "NonEmptyString255" }),
-    fromBrand(nominal<NonEmptyString255>(), { jsonSchema: {} }),
-    S.identifier("NonEmptyString255"),
+    S.maxLength(255),
+    fromBrand(nominal<NonEmptyString255>(), {
+      identifier: "NonEmptyString255",
+      title: "NonEmptyString255",
+      jsonSchema: {}
+    }),
     withDefaults
   )