.gdbinit

python

# GDB dashboard - Modular visual interface for GDB in Python.
#
# https://github.com/cyrus-and/gdb-dashboard

import ast
import fcntl
import os
import re
import struct
import termios
import traceback
import math

# Common attributes ------------------------------------------------------------

class R():

    @staticmethod
    def attributes():
        return {
            # miscellaneous
            'ansi': {
                'doc': 'Control the ANSI output of the dashboard.',
                'default': True,
                'type': bool
            },
            'syntax_highlighting': {
                'doc': """Pygments style to use for syntax highlighting.
Using an empty string (or a name not in the list) disables this feature.
The list of all the available styles can be obtained with (from GDB itself):

    python from pygments.styles import get_all_styles as styles
    python for s in styles(): print(s)
""",
                'default': 'vim',
                'type': str
            },
            # prompt
            'prompt': {
                'doc': """Command prompt.
This value is parsed as a Python format string in which `{status}` is expanded
with the substitution of either `prompt_running` or `prompt_not_running`
attributes, according to the target program status. The resulting string must be
a valid GDB prompt, see the command `python print(gdb.prompt.prompt_help())`""",
                'default': '{status}'
            },
            'prompt_running': {
                'doc': """`{status}` when the target program is running.
See the `prompt` attribute. This value is parsed as a Python format string in
which `{pid}` is expanded with the process identifier of the target program.""",
                'default': '\[\e[1;35m\]>>>\[\e[0m\]'
            },
            'prompt_not_running': {
                'doc': '`{status}` when the target program is not running.',
                'default': '\[\e[1;30m\]>>>\[\e[0m\]'
            },
            # divider
            'divider_fill_char_primary': {
                'doc': 'Filler around the label for primary dividers',
                'default': '─'
            },
            'divider_fill_char_secondary': {
                'doc': 'Filler around the label for secondary dividers',
                'default': '─'
            },
            'divider_fill_style_primary': {
                'doc': 'Style for `divider_fill_char_primary`',
                'default': '36'
            },
            'divider_fill_style_secondary': {
                'doc': 'Style for `divider_fill_char_secondary`',
                'default': '1;30'
            },
            'divider_label_style_on_primary': {
                'doc': 'Label style for non-empty primary dividers',
                'default': '1;33'
            },
            'divider_label_style_on_secondary': {
                'doc': 'Label style for non-empty secondary dividers',
                'default': '0'
            },
            'divider_label_style_off_primary': {
                'doc': 'Label style for empty primary dividers',
                'default': '33'
            },
            'divider_label_style_off_secondary': {
                'doc': 'Label style for empty secondary dividers',
                'default': '1;30'
            },
            'divider_label_skip': {
                'doc': 'Gap between the aligning border and the label.',
                'default': 3,
                'type': int,
                'check': check_ge_zero
            },
            'divider_label_margin': {
                'doc': 'Number of spaces around the label.',
                'default': 1,
                'type': int,
                'check': check_ge_zero
            },
            'divider_label_align_right': {
                'doc': 'Label alignment flag.',
                'default': False,
                'type': bool
            },
            # common styles
            'style_selected_1': {
                'default': '1;32'
            },
            'style_selected_2': {
                'default': '32'
            },
            'style_low': {
                'default': '1;30'
            },
            'style_high': {
                'default': '1;37'
            },
            'style_error': {
                'default': '31'
            }
        }

# Common -----------------------------------------------------------------------

def run(command):
    return gdb.execute(command, to_string=True)

def ansi(string, style):
    if R.ansi:
        return '\x1b[{}m{}\x1b[0m'.format(style, string)
    else:
        return string

def divider(width, label='', primary=False, active=True):
    if primary:
        divider_fill_style = R.divider_fill_style_primary
        divider_fill_char = R.divider_fill_char_primary
        divider_label_style_on = R.divider_label_style_on_primary
        divider_label_style_off = R.divider_label_style_off_primary
    else:
        divider_fill_style = R.divider_fill_style_secondary
        divider_fill_char = R.divider_fill_char_secondary
        divider_label_style_on = R.divider_label_style_on_secondary
        divider_label_style_off = R.divider_label_style_off_secondary
    if label:
        if active:
            divider_label_style = divider_label_style_on
        else:
            divider_label_style = divider_label_style_off
        skip = R.divider_label_skip
        margin = R.divider_label_margin
        before = ansi(divider_fill_char * skip, divider_fill_style)
        middle = ansi(label, divider_label_style)
        after_length = width - len(label) - skip - 2 * margin
        after = ansi(divider_fill_char * after_length, divider_fill_style)
        if R.divider_label_align_right:
            before, after = after, before
        return ''.join([before, ' ' * margin, middle, ' ' * margin, after])
    else:
        return ansi(divider_fill_char * width, divider_fill_style)

def check_gt_zero(x):
    return x > 0

def check_ge_zero(x):
    return x >= 0

def to_unsigned(value, size=8):
    # values from GDB can be used transparently but are not suitable for
    # being printed as unsigned integers, so a conversion is needed
    mask = (2 ** (size * 8)) - 1
    return int(value.cast(gdb.Value(mask).type)) & mask

def to_string(value):
    # attempt to convert an inferior value to string; OK when (Python 3 ||
    # simple ASCII); otherwise (Python 2.7 && not ASCII) encode the string as
    # utf8
    try:
        value_string = str(value)
    except UnicodeEncodeError:
        value_string = unicode(value).encode('utf8')
    return value_string

def format_address(address):
    pointer_size = gdb.parse_and_eval('$pc').type.sizeof
    return ('0x{{:0{}x}}').format(pointer_size * 2).format(address)

def format_value(value):
    # format references as referenced values
    # (TYPE_CODE_RVALUE_REF is not supported by old GDB)
    if value.type.code in (getattr(gdb, 'TYPE_CODE_REF', None),
                           getattr(gdb, 'TYPE_CODE_RVALUE_REF', None)):
        try:
            return to_string(value.referenced_value())
        except gdb.MemoryError:
            return to_string(value)
    else:
        try:
            return to_string(value)
        except gdb.MemoryError as e:
            return ansi(e, R.style_error)

class Beautifier():
    def __init__(self, filename, tab_size=4):
        self.tab_spaces = ' ' * tab_size
        self.active = False
        if not R.ansi:
            return
        # attempt to set up Pygments
        try:
            from pygments.lexers import get_lexer_for_filename
            from pygments.formatters import Terminal256Formatter
            self.formatter = Terminal256Formatter(style=R.syntax_highlighting)
            self.lexer = get_lexer_for_filename(filename, stripnl=False)
            self.active = True
        except ImportError:
            # Pygments not available
            pass
        except pygments.util.ClassNotFound:
            # no lexer for this file or invalid style
            pass

    def process(self, source):
        # convert tabs anyway
        source = source.replace('\t', self.tab_spaces)
        if self.active:
            import pygments
            source = pygments.highlight(source, self.lexer, self.formatter)
        return source.rstrip('\n')

# Dashboard --------------------------------------------------------------------

class Dashboard(gdb.Command):
    """Redisplay the dashboard."""

    def __init__(self):
        gdb.Command.__init__(self, 'dashboard',
                             gdb.COMMAND_USER, gdb.COMPLETE_NONE, True)
        self.output = None  # main terminal
        # setup subcommands
        Dashboard.ConfigurationCommand(self)
        Dashboard.OutputCommand(self)
        Dashboard.EnabledCommand(self)
        Dashboard.LayoutCommand(self)
        # setup style commands
        Dashboard.StyleCommand(self, 'dashboard', R, R.attributes())
        # disabled by default
        self.enabled = None
        self.disable()

    def on_continue(self, _):
        # try to contain the GDB messages in a specified area unless the
        # dashboard is printed to a separate file (dashboard -output ...)
        if self.is_running() and not self.output:
            width = Dashboard.get_term_width()
            gdb.write(Dashboard.clear_screen())
            gdb.write(divider(width, 'Output/messages', True))
            gdb.write('\n')
            gdb.flush()

    def on_stop(self, _):
        if self.is_running():
            self.render(clear_screen=False)

    def on_exit(self, _):
        if not self.is_running():
            return
        # collect all the outputs
        outputs = set()
        outputs.add(self.output)
        outputs.update(module.output for module in self.modules)
        outputs.remove(None)
        # clean the screen and notify to avoid confusion
        for output in outputs:
            try:
                with open(output, 'w') as fs:
                    fs.write(Dashboard.reset_terminal())
                    fs.write(Dashboard.clear_screen())
                    fs.write('--- EXITED ---')
            except:
                # skip cleanup for invalid outputs
                pass

    def enable(self):
        if self.enabled:
            return
        self.enabled = True
        # setup events
        gdb.events.cont.connect(self.on_continue)
        gdb.events.stop.connect(self.on_stop)
        gdb.events.exited.connect(self.on_exit)

    def disable(self):
        if not self.enabled:
            return
        self.enabled = False
        # setup events
        gdb.events.cont.disconnect(self.on_continue)
        gdb.events.stop.disconnect(self.on_stop)
        gdb.events.exited.disconnect(self.on_exit)

    def load_modules(self, modules):
        self.modules = []
        for module in modules:
            info = Dashboard.ModuleInfo(self, module)
            self.modules.append(info)

    def redisplay(self, style_changed=False):
        # manually redisplay the dashboard
        if self.is_running() and self.enabled:
            self.render(True, style_changed)

    def inferior_pid(self):
        return gdb.selected_inferior().pid

    def is_running(self):
        return self.inferior_pid() != 0

    def render(self, clear_screen, style_changed=False):
        # fetch module content and info
        all_disabled = True
        display_map = dict()
        for module in self.modules:
            # fall back to the global value
            output = module.output or self.output
            # add the instance or None if disabled
            if module.enabled:
                all_disabled = False
                instance = module.instance
            else:
                instance = None
            display_map.setdefault(output, []).append(instance)
        # notify the user if the output is empty, on the main terminal
        if all_disabled:
            # write the error message
            width = Dashboard.get_term_width()
            gdb.write(divider(width, 'Error', True))
            gdb.write('\n')
            if self.modules:
                gdb.write('No module to display (see `help dashboard`)')
            else:
                gdb.write('No module loaded')
            # write the terminator
            gdb.write('\n')
            gdb.write(divider(width, primary=True))
            gdb.write('\n')
            gdb.flush()
            # continue to allow separate terminals to update
        # process each display info
        for output, instances in display_map.items():
            try:
                fs = None
                # use GDB stream by default
                if output:
                    fs = open(output, 'w')
                    fd = fs.fileno()
                    # setup the terminal
                    fs.write(Dashboard.hide_cursor())
                else:
                    fs = gdb
                    fd = 1  # stdout
                # get the terminal width (default main terminal if either
                # the output is not a file)
                try:
                    width = Dashboard.get_term_width(fd)
                except:
                    width = Dashboard.get_term_width()
                # clear the "screen" if requested for the main terminal,
                # auxiliary terminals are always cleared
                if fs is not gdb or clear_screen:
                    fs.write(Dashboard.clear_screen())
                # show message in separate terminals if all the modules are
                # disabled
                if output != self.output and not any(instances):
                    fs.write('--- NO MODULE TO DISPLAY ---\n')
                    continue
                # process all the modules for that output
                for n, instance in enumerate(instances, 1):
                    # skip disabled modules
                    if not instance:
                        continue
                    # ask the module to generate the content
                    lines = instance.lines(width, style_changed)
                    # create the divider accordingly
                    div = divider(width, instance.label(), True, lines)
                    # write the data
                    fs.write('\n'.join([div] + lines))
                    # write the newline for all but last unless main terminal
                    if n != len(instances) or fs is gdb:
                        fs.write('\n')
                # write the final newline and the terminator only if it is the
                # main terminal to allow the prompt to display correctly (unless
                # there are no modules to display)
                if fs is gdb and not all_disabled:
                    fs.write(divider(width, primary=True))
                    fs.write('\n')
                fs.flush()
            except Exception as e:
                cause = traceback.format_exc().strip()
                Dashboard.err('Cannot write the dashboard\n{}'.format(cause))
            finally:
                # don't close gdb stream
                if fs and fs is not gdb:
                    fs.close()

# Utility methods --------------------------------------------------------------

    @staticmethod
    def start():
        # initialize the dashboard
        dashboard = Dashboard()
        Dashboard.set_custom_prompt(dashboard)
        # parse Python inits, load modules then parse GDB inits
        Dashboard.parse_inits(True)
        modules = Dashboard.get_modules()
        dashboard.load_modules(modules)
        Dashboard.parse_inits(False)
        # GDB overrides
        run('set pagination off')
        # enable and display if possible (program running)
        dashboard.enable()
        dashboard.redisplay()

    @staticmethod
    def get_term_width(fd=1):  # defaults to the main terminal
        # first 2 shorts (4 byte) of struct winsize
        raw = fcntl.ioctl(fd, termios.TIOCGWINSZ, ' ' * 4)
        height, width = struct.unpack('hh', raw)
        return int(width)

    @staticmethod
    def set_custom_prompt(dashboard):
        def custom_prompt(_):
            # render thread status indicator
            if dashboard.is_running():
                pid = dashboard.inferior_pid()
                status = R.prompt_running.format(pid=pid)
            else:
                status = R.prompt_not_running
            # build prompt
            prompt = R.prompt.format(status=status)
            prompt = gdb.prompt.substitute_prompt(prompt)
            return prompt + ' '  # force trailing space
        gdb.prompt_hook = custom_prompt

    @staticmethod
    def parse_inits(python):
        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(os.path.expanduser('~/.gdbinit.d/')):
            dirs.sort()
            for init in sorted(files):
                path = os.path.join(root, init)
                _, ext = os.path.splitext(path)
                # either load Python files or GDB
                if python == (ext == '.py'):
                    gdb.execute('source ' + path)

    @staticmethod
    def get_modules():
        # scan the scope for modules
        modules = []
        for name in globals():
            obj = globals()[name]
            try:
                if issubclass(obj, Dashboard.Module):
                    modules.append(obj)
            except TypeError:
                continue
        # sort modules alphabetically
        modules.sort(key=lambda x: x.__name__)
        return modules

    @staticmethod
    def create_command(name, invoke, doc, is_prefix, complete=None):
        Class = type('', (gdb.Command,), {'invoke': invoke, '__doc__': doc})
        Class(name, gdb.COMMAND_USER, complete or gdb.COMPLETE_NONE, is_prefix)

    @staticmethod
    def err(string):
        print(ansi(string, R.style_error))

    @staticmethod
    def complete(word, candidates):
        return filter(lambda candidate: candidate.startswith(word), candidates)

    @staticmethod
    def parse_arg(arg):
        # encode unicode GDB command arguments as utf8 in Python 2.7
        if type(arg) is not str:
            arg = arg.encode('utf8')
        return arg

    @staticmethod
    def clear_screen():
        # ANSI: move the cursor to top-left corner and clear the screen
        return '\x1b[H\x1b[J'

    @staticmethod
    def hide_cursor():
        # ANSI: hide cursor
        return '\x1b[?25l'

    @staticmethod
    def reset_terminal():
        # ANSI: reset to initial state
        return '\x1bc'

# Module descriptor ------------------------------------------------------------

    class ModuleInfo:

        def __init__(self, dashboard, module):
            self.name = module.__name__.lower()  # from class to module name
            self.enabled = True
            self.output = None  # value from the dashboard by default
            self.instance = module()
            self.doc = self.instance.__doc__ or '(no documentation)'
            self.prefix = 'dashboard {}'.format(self.name)
            # add GDB commands
            self.add_main_command(dashboard)
            self.add_output_command(dashboard)
            self.add_style_command(dashboard)
            self.add_subcommands(dashboard)

        def add_main_command(self, dashboard):
            module = self
            def invoke(self, arg, from_tty, info=self):
                arg = Dashboard.parse_arg(arg)
                if arg == '':
                    info.enabled ^= True
                    if dashboard.is_running():
                        dashboard.redisplay()
                    else:
                        status = 'enabled' if info.enabled else 'disabled'
                        print('{} module {}'.format(module.name, status))
                else:
                    Dashboard.err('Wrong argument "{}"'.format(arg))
            doc_brief = 'Configure the {} module.'.format(self.name)
            doc_extended = 'Toggle the module visibility.'
            doc = '{}\n{}\n\n{}'.format(doc_brief, doc_extended, self.doc)
            Dashboard.create_command(self.prefix, invoke, doc, True)

        def add_output_command(self, dashboard):
            Dashboard.OutputCommand(dashboard, self.prefix, self)

        def add_style_command(self, dashboard):
            if 'attributes' in dir(self.instance):
                Dashboard.StyleCommand(dashboard, self.prefix, self.instance,
                                       self.instance.attributes())

        def add_subcommands(self, dashboard):
            if 'commands' in dir(self.instance):
                for name, command in self.instance.commands().items():
                    self.add_subcommand(dashboard, name, command)

        def add_subcommand(self, dashboard, name, command):
            action = command['action']
            doc = command['doc']
            complete = command.get('complete')
            def invoke(self, arg, from_tty, info=self):
                arg = Dashboard.parse_arg(arg)
                if info.enabled:
                    try:
                        action(arg)
                    except Exception as e:
                        Dashboard.err(e)
                        return
                    # don't catch redisplay errors
                    dashboard.redisplay()
                else:
                    Dashboard.err('Module disabled')
            prefix = '{} {}'.format(self.prefix, name)
            Dashboard.create_command(prefix, invoke, doc, False, complete)

# GDB commands -----------------------------------------------------------------

    def invoke(self, arg, from_tty):
        arg = Dashboard.parse_arg(arg)
        # show messages for checks in redisplay
        if arg != '':
            Dashboard.err('Wrong argument "{}"'.format(arg))
        elif not self.is_running():
            Dashboard.err('Is the target program running?')
        else:
            self.redisplay()

    class ConfigurationCommand(gdb.Command):
        """Dump the dashboard configuration (layout, styles, outputs).
With an optional argument the configuration will be written to the specified
file."""

        def __init__(self, dashboard):
            gdb.Command.__init__(self, 'dashboard -configuration',
                                 gdb.COMMAND_USER, gdb.COMPLETE_FILENAME)
            self.dashboard = dashboard

        def invoke(self, arg, from_tty):
            arg = Dashboard.parse_arg(arg)
            if arg:
                with open(os.path.expanduser(arg), 'w') as fs:
                    fs.write('# auto generated by GDB dashboard\n\n')
                    self.dump(fs)
            self.dump(gdb)

        def dump(self, fs):
            # dump layout
            self.dump_layout(fs)
            # dump styles
            self.dump_style(fs, R)
            for module in self.dashboard.modules:
                self.dump_style(fs, module.instance, module.prefix)
            # dump outputs
            self.dump_output(fs, self.dashboard)
            for module in self.dashboard.modules:
                self.dump_output(fs, module, module.prefix)

        def dump_layout(self, fs):
            layout = ['dashboard -layout']
            for module in self.dashboard.modules:
                mark = '' if module.enabled else '!'
                layout.append('{}{}'.format(mark, module.name))
            fs.write(' '.join(layout))
            fs.write('\n')

        def dump_style(self, fs, obj, prefix='dashboard'):
            attributes = getattr(obj, 'attributes', lambda: dict())()
            for name, attribute in attributes.items():
                real_name = attribute.get('name', name)
                default = attribute.get('default')
                value = getattr(obj, real_name)
                if value != default:
                    fs.write('{} -style {} {!r}\n'.format(prefix, name, value))

        def dump_output(self, fs, obj, prefix='dashboard'):
            output = getattr(obj, 'output')
            if output:
                fs.write('{} -output {}\n'.format(prefix, output))

    class OutputCommand(gdb.Command):
        """Set the output file/TTY for both the dashboard and modules.
The dashboard/module will be written to the specified file, which will be
created if it does not exist. If the specified file identifies a terminal then
its width will be used to format the dashboard, otherwise falls back to the
width of the main GDB terminal. Without argument the dashboard, the
output/messages and modules which do not specify the output will be printed on
standard output (default). Without argument the module will be printed where the
dashboard will be printed."""

        def __init__(self, dashboard, prefix=None, obj=None):
            if not prefix:
                prefix = 'dashboard'
            if not obj:
                obj = dashboard
            prefix = prefix + ' -output'
            gdb.Command.__init__(self, prefix,
                                 gdb.COMMAND_USER, gdb.COMPLETE_FILENAME)
            self.dashboard = dashboard
            self.obj = obj  # None means the dashboard itself

        def invoke(self, arg, from_tty):
            arg = Dashboard.parse_arg(arg)
            # display a message in a separate terminal if released (note that
            # the check if this is the last module to use the output is not
            # performed since if that's not the case the message will be
            # overwritten)
            if self.obj.output:
                try:
                    with open(self.obj.output, 'w') as fs:
                        fs.write(Dashboard.clear_screen())
                        fs.write('--- RELEASED ---\n')
                except:
                    # just do nothing if the file is not writable
                    pass
            # set or open the output file
            if arg == '':
                self.obj.output = None
            else:
                self.obj.output = arg
            # redisplay the dashboard in the new output
            self.dashboard.redisplay()

    class EnabledCommand(gdb.Command):
        """Enable or disable the dashboard [on|off].
The current status is printed if no argument is present."""

        def __init__(self, dashboard):
            gdb.Command.__init__(self, 'dashboard -enabled', gdb.COMMAND_USER)
            self.dashboard = dashboard

        def invoke(self, arg, from_tty):
            arg = Dashboard.parse_arg(arg)
            if arg == '':
                status = 'enabled' if self.dashboard.enabled else 'disabled'
                print('The dashboard is {}'.format(status))
            elif arg == 'on':
                self.dashboard.enable()
                self.dashboard.redisplay()
            elif arg == 'off':
                self.dashboard.disable()
            else:
                msg = 'Wrong argument "{}"; expecting "on" or "off"'
                Dashboard.err(msg.format(arg))

        def complete(self, text, word):
            return Dashboard.complete(word, ['on', 'off'])

    class LayoutCommand(gdb.Command):
        """Set or show the dashboard layout.
Accepts a space-separated list of directive. Each directive is in the form
"[!]<module>". Modules in the list are placed in the dashboard in the same order
as they appear and those prefixed by "!" are disabled by default. Omitted
modules are hidden and placed at the bottom in alphabetical order. Without
arguments the current layout is shown where the first line uses the same form
expected by the input while the remaining depict the current status of output
files."""

        def __init__(self, dashboard):
            gdb.Command.__init__(self, 'dashboard -layout', gdb.COMMAND_USER)
            self.dashboard = dashboard

        def invoke(self, arg, from_tty):
            arg = Dashboard.parse_arg(arg)
            directives = str(arg).split()
            if directives:
                self.layout(directives)
                if from_tty and not self.dashboard.is_running():
                    self.show()
            else:
                self.show()

        def show(self):
            global_str = 'Global'
            max_name_len = len(global_str)
            # print directives
            modules = []
            for module in self.dashboard.modules:
                max_name_len = max(max_name_len, len(module.name))
                mark = '' if module.enabled else '!'
                modules.append('{}{}'.format(mark, module.name))
            print(' '.join(modules))
            # print outputs
            default = '(default)'
            fmt = '{{:{}s}}{{}}'.format(max_name_len + 2)
            print(('\n' + fmt + '\n').format(global_str,
                                             self.dashboard.output or default))
            for module in self.dashboard.modules:
                style = R.style_high if module.enabled else R.style_low
                line = fmt.format(module.name, module.output or default)
                print(ansi(line, style))

        def layout(self, directives):
            modules = self.dashboard.modules
            # reset visibility
            for module in modules:
                module.enabled = False
            # move and enable the selected modules on top
            last = 0
            n_enabled = 0
            for directive in directives:
                # parse next directive
                enabled = (directive[0] != '!')
                name = directive[not enabled:]
                try:
                    # it may actually start from last, but in this way repeated
                    # modules can be handled transparently and without error
                    todo = enumerate(modules[last:], start=last)
                    index = next(i for i, m in todo if name == m.name)
                    modules[index].enabled = enabled
                    modules.insert(last, modules.pop(index))
                    last += 1
                    n_enabled += enabled
                except StopIteration:
                    def find_module(x):
                        return x.name == name
                    first_part = modules[:last]
                    if len(list(filter(find_module, first_part))) == 0:
                        Dashboard.err('Cannot find module "{}"'.format(name))
                    else:
                        Dashboard.err('Module "{}" already set'.format(name))
                    continue
            # redisplay the dashboard
            if n_enabled:
                self.dashboard.redisplay()

        def complete(self, text, word):
            all_modules = (m.name for m in self.dashboard.modules)
            return Dashboard.complete(word, all_modules)

    class StyleCommand(gdb.Command):
        """Access the stylable attributes.
Without arguments print all the stylable attributes. Subcommands are used to set
or print (when the value is omitted) individual attributes."""

        def __init__(self, dashboard, prefix, obj, attributes):
            self.prefix = prefix + ' -style'
            gdb.Command.__init__(self, self.prefix,
                                 gdb.COMMAND_USER, gdb.COMPLETE_NONE, True)
            self.dashboard = dashboard
            self.obj = obj
            self.attributes = attributes
            self.add_styles()

        def add_styles(self):
            this = self
            for name, attribute in self.attributes.items():
                # fetch fields
                attr_name = attribute.get('name', name)
                attr_type = attribute.get('type', str)
                attr_check = attribute.get('check', lambda _: True)
                attr_default = attribute['default']
                # set the default value (coerced to the type)
                value = attr_type(attr_default)
                setattr(self.obj, attr_name, value)
                # create the command
                def invoke(self, arg, from_tty, name=name, attr_name=attr_name,
                           attr_type=attr_type, attr_check=attr_check):
                    new_value = Dashboard.parse_arg(arg)
                    if new_value == '':
                        # print the current value
                        value = getattr(this.obj, attr_name)
                        print('{} = {!r}'.format(name, value))
                    else:
                        try:
                            # convert and check the new value
                            parsed = ast.literal_eval(new_value)
                            value = attr_type(parsed)
                            if not attr_check(value):
                                msg = 'Invalid value "{}" for "{}"'
                                raise Exception(msg.format(new_value, name))
                        except Exception as e:
                            Dashboard.err(e)
                        else:
                            # set and redisplay
                            setattr(this.obj, attr_name, value)
                            this.dashboard.redisplay(True)
                prefix = self.prefix + ' ' + name
                doc = attribute.get('doc', 'This style is self-documenting')
                Dashboard.create_command(prefix, invoke, doc, False)

        def invoke(self, arg, from_tty):
            # an argument here means that the provided attribute is invalid
            if arg:
                Dashboard.err('Invalid argument "{}"'.format(arg))
                return
            # print all the pairs
            for name, attribute in self.attributes.items():
                attr_name = attribute.get('name', name)
                value = getattr(self.obj, attr_name)
                print('{} = {!r}'.format(name, value))

# Base module ------------------------------------------------------------------

    # just a tag
    class Module():
        pass

# Default modules --------------------------------------------------------------

class Source(Dashboard.Module):
    """Show the program source code, if available."""

    def __init__(self):
        self.file_name = None
        self.source_lines = []
        self.ts = None
        self.highlighted = False

    def label(self):
        return 'Source'

    def lines(self, term_width, style_changed):
        # skip if the current thread is not stopped
        if not gdb.selected_thread().is_stopped():
            return []
        # try to fetch the current line (skip if no line information)
        sal = gdb.selected_frame().find_sal()
        current_line = sal.line
        if current_line == 0:
            return []
        # reload the source file if changed
        file_name = sal.symtab.fullname()
        ts = None
        try:
            ts = os.path.getmtime(file_name)
        except:
            pass  # delay error check to open()
        if (style_changed or
                file_name != self.file_name or  # different file name
                ts and ts > self.ts):  # file modified in the meanwhile
            self.file_name = file_name
            self.ts = ts
            try:
                highlighter = Beautifier(self.file_name, self.tab_size)
                self.highlighted = highlighter.active
                with open(self.file_name) as source_file:
                    source = highlighter.process(source_file.read())
                    self.source_lines = source.split('\n')
            except Exception as e:
                msg = 'Cannot display "{}" ({})'.format(self.file_name, e)
                return [ansi(msg, R.style_error)]
        # compute the line range
        start = max(current_line - 1 - self.context, 0)
        end = min(current_line - 1 + self.context + 1, len(self.source_lines))
        # return the source code listing
        out = []
        number_format = '{{:>{}}}'.format(len(str(end)))
        for number, line in enumerate(self.source_lines[start:end], start + 1):
            # properly handle UTF-8 source files
            line = to_string(line)
            if int(number) == current_line:
                # the current line has a different style without ANSI
                if R.ansi:
                    if self.highlighted:
                        line_format = ansi(number_format,
                                           R.style_selected_1) + ' {}'
                    else:
                        line_format = ansi(number_format + ' {}',
                                           R.style_selected_1)
                else:
                    # just show a plain text indicator
                    line_format = number_format + '>{}'
            else:
                line_format = ansi(number_format, R.style_low) + ' {}'
            out.append(line_format.format(number, line.rstrip('\n')))
        return out

    def attributes(self):
        return {
            'context': {
                'doc': 'Number of context lines.',
                'default': 5,
                'type': int,
                'check': check_ge_zero
            },
            'tab-size': {
                'doc': 'Number of spaces used to display the tab character.',
                'default': 4,
                'name': 'tab_size',
                'type': int,
                'check': check_gt_zero
            }
        }

class Assembly(Dashboard.Module):
    """Show the disassembled code surrounding the program counter. The
instructions constituting the current statement are marked, if available."""

    def label(self):
        return 'Assembly'

    def lines(self, term_width, style_changed):
        # skip if the current thread is not stopped
        if not gdb.selected_thread().is_stopped():
            return []
        line_info = None
        frame = gdb.selected_frame()  # PC is here
        disassemble = frame.architecture().disassemble
        try:
            # try to fetch the function boundaries using the disassemble command
            output = run('disassemble').split('\n')
            start = int(re.split('[ :]', output[1][3:], 1)[0], 16)
            end = int(re.split('[ :]', output[-3][3:], 1)[0], 16)
            asm = disassemble(start, end_pc=end)
            # find the location of the PC
            pc_index = next(index for index, instr in enumerate(asm)
                            if instr['addr'] == frame.pc())
            start = max(pc_index - self.context, 0)
            end = pc_index + self.context + 1
            asm = asm[start:end]
            # if there are line information then use it, it may be that
            # line_info is not None but line_info.last is None
            line_info = gdb.find_pc_line(frame.pc())
            line_info = line_info if line_info.last else None
        except (gdb.error, StopIteration):
            # if it is not possible (stripped binary or the PC is not present in
            # the output of `disassemble` as per issue #31) start from PC and
            # end after twice the context
            try:
                asm = disassemble(frame.pc(), count=2 * self.context + 1)
            except gdb.error as e:
                msg = '{}'.format(e)
                return [ansi(msg, R.style_error)]
        # fetch function start if available
        func_start = None
        if self.show_function and frame.name():
            try:
                # it may happen that the frame name is the whole function
                # declaration, instead of just the name, e.g., 'getkey()', so it
                # would be treated as a function call by 'gdb.parse_and_eval',
                # hence the trim, see #87 and #88
                value = gdb.parse_and_eval(frame.name().split('(')[0]).address
                func_start = to_unsigned(value)
            except gdb.error:
                pass  # e.g., @plt
        # fetch the assembly flavor and the extension used by Pygments
        try:
            flavor = gdb.parameter('disassembly-flavor')
        except:
            flavor = None  # not always defined (see #36)
        filename = {
            'att': '.s',
            'intel': '.asm'
        }.get(flavor, '.s')
        # prepare the highlighter
        highlighter = Beautifier(filename)
        # compute the maximum offset size
        if func_start:
            max_offset = max(len(str(abs(asm[0]['addr'] - func_start))),
                             len(str(abs(asm[-1]['addr'] - func_start))))
        # return the machine code
        max_length = max(instr['length'] for instr in asm)
        inferior = gdb.selected_inferior()
        out = []
        for index, instr in enumerate(asm):
            addr = instr['addr']
            length = instr['length']
            text = instr['asm']
            addr_str = format_address(addr)
            if self.show_opcodes:
                # fetch and format opcode
                region = inferior.read_memory(addr, length)
                opcodes = (' '.join('{:02x}'.format(ord(byte))
                                    for byte in region))
                opcodes += (max_length - len(region)) * 3 * ' ' + ' '
            else:
                opcodes = ''
            # compute the offset if available
            if self.show_function:
                if func_start:
                    offset = '{:+d}'.format(addr - func_start)
                    offset = offset.ljust(max_offset + 1)  # sign
                    func_info = '{}{}'.format(frame.name(), offset)
                else:
                    func_info = '?'
            else:
                func_info = ''
            format_string = '{}{}{}{}{}'
            indicator = ' '
            text = ' ' + highlighter.process(text)
            if addr == frame.pc():
                if not R.ansi:
                    indicator = '>'
                addr_str = ansi(addr_str, R.style_selected_1)
                indicator = ansi(indicator, R.style_selected_1)
                opcodes = ansi(opcodes, R.style_selected_1)
                func_info = ansi(func_info, R.style_selected_1)
                if not highlighter.active:
                    text = ansi(text, R.style_selected_1)
            elif line_info and line_info.pc <= addr < line_info.last:
                if not R.ansi:
                    indicator = ':'
                addr_str = ansi(addr_str, R.style_selected_2)
                indicator = ansi(indicator, R.style_selected_2)
                opcodes = ansi(opcodes, R.style_selected_2)
                func_info = ansi(func_info, R.style_selected_2)
                if not highlighter.active:
                    text = ansi(text, R.style_selected_2)
            else:
                addr_str = ansi(addr_str, R.style_low)
                func_info = ansi(func_info, R.style_low)
            out.append(format_string.format(addr_str, indicator,
                                            opcodes, func_info, text))
        return out

    def attributes(self):
        return {
            'context': {
                'doc': 'Number of context instructions.',
                'default': 3,
                'type': int,
                'check': check_ge_zero
            },
            'opcodes': {
                'doc': 'Opcodes visibility flag.',
                'default': False,
                'name': 'show_opcodes',
                'type': bool
            },
            'function': {
                'doc': 'Function information visibility flag.',
                'default': True,
                'name': 'show_function',
                'type': bool
            }
        }

class Stack(Dashboard.Module):
    """Show the current stack trace including the function name and the file
location, if available. Optionally list the frame arguments and locals too."""

    def label(self):
        return 'Stack'

    def lines(self, term_width, style_changed):
        # skip if the current thread is not stopped
        if not gdb.selected_thread().is_stopped():
            return []
        # find the selected frame (i.e., the first to display)
        selected_index = 0
        frame = gdb.newest_frame()
        while frame:
            if frame == gdb.selected_frame():
                break
            frame = frame.older()
            selected_index += 1
        # format up to "limit" frames
        frames = []
        number = selected_index
        more = False
        while frame:
            # the first is the selected one
            selected = (len(frames) == 0)
            # fetch frame info
            style = R.style_selected_1 if selected else R.style_selected_2
            frame_id = ansi(str(number), style)
            info = Stack.get_pc_line(frame, style)
            frame_lines = []
            frame_lines.append('[{}] {}'.format(frame_id, info))
            # fetch frame arguments and locals
            decorator = gdb.FrameDecorator.FrameDecorator(frame)
            separator = ansi(', ', R.style_low)
            strip_newlines = re.compile(r'$\s*', re.MULTILINE)
            if self.show_arguments:
                def prefix(line):
                    return Stack.format_line('arg', line)
                frame_args = decorator.frame_args()
                args_lines = Stack.fetch_frame_info(frame, frame_args)
                if args_lines:
                    if self.compact:
                        args_line = separator.join(args_lines)
                        args_line = strip_newlines.sub('', args_line)
                        single_line = prefix(args_line)
                        frame_lines.append(single_line)
                    else:
                        frame_lines.extend(map(prefix, args_lines))
                else:
                    frame_lines.append(ansi('(no arguments)', R.style_low))
            if self.show_locals:
                def prefix(line):
                    return Stack.format_line('loc', line)
                frame_locals = decorator.frame_locals()
                locals_lines = Stack.fetch_frame_info(frame, frame_locals)
                if locals_lines:
                    if self.compact:
                        locals_line = separator.join(locals_lines)
                        locals_line = strip_newlines.sub('', locals_line)
                        single_line = prefix(locals_line)
                        frame_lines.append(single_line)
                    else:
                        frame_lines.extend(map(prefix, locals_lines))
                else:
                    frame_lines.append(ansi('(no locals)', R.style_low))
            # add frame
            frames.append(frame_lines)
            # next
            frame = frame.older()
            number += 1
            # check finished according to the limit
            if self.limit and len(frames) == self.limit:
                # more frames to show but limited
                if frame:
                    more = True
                break
        # format the output
        lines = []
        for frame_lines in frames:
            lines.extend(frame_lines)
        # add the placeholder
        if more:
            lines.append('[{}]'.format(ansi('+', R.style_selected_2)))
        return lines

    @staticmethod
    def format_line(prefix, line):
        prefix = ansi(prefix, R.style_low)
        return '{} {}'.format(prefix, line)

    @staticmethod
    def fetch_frame_info(frame, data):
        lines = []
        for elem in data or []:
            name = elem.sym
            equal = ansi('=', R.style_low)
            value = format_value(elem.sym.value(frame))
            lines.append('{} {} {}'.format(name, equal, value))
        return lines

    @staticmethod
    def get_pc_line(frame, style):
        frame_pc = ansi(format_address(frame.pc()), style)
        info = 'from {}'.format(frame_pc)
        if frame.name():
            frame_name = ansi(frame.name(), style)
            try:
                # try to compute the offset relative to the current function (it
                # may happen that the frame name is the whole function
                # declaration, instead of just the name, e.g., 'getkey()', so it
                # would be treated as a function call by 'gdb.parse_and_eval',
                # hence the trim, see #87 and #88)
                value = gdb.parse_and_eval(frame.name().split('(')[0]).address
                # it can be None even if it is part of the "stack" (C++)
                if value:
                    func_start = to_unsigned(value)
                    offset = frame.pc() - func_start
                    frame_name += '+' + ansi(str(offset), style)
            except gdb.error:
                pass  # e.g., @plt
            info += ' in {}'.format(frame_name)
            sal = frame.find_sal()
            if sal.symtab:
                file_name = ansi(sal.symtab.filename, style)
                file_line = ansi(str(sal.line), style)
                info += ' at {}:{}'.format(file_name, file_line)
        return info

    def attributes(self):
        return {
            'limit': {
                'doc': 'Maximum number of displayed frames (0 means no limit).',
                'default': 2,
                'type': int,
                'check': check_ge_zero
            },
            'arguments': {
                'doc': 'Frame arguments visibility flag.',
                'default': True,
                'name': 'show_arguments',
                'type': bool
            },
            'locals': {
                'doc': 'Frame locals visibility flag.',
                'default': False,
                'name': 'show_locals',
                'type': bool
            },
            'compact': {
                'doc': 'Single-line display flag.',
                'default': False,
                'type': bool
            }
        }

class History(Dashboard.Module):
    """List the last entries of the value history."""

    def label(self):
        return 'History'

    def lines(self, term_width, style_changed):
        out = []
        # fetch last entries
        for i in range(-self.limit + 1, 1):
            try:
                value = format_value(gdb.history(i))
                value_id = ansi('$${}', R.style_low).format(abs(i))
                line = '{} = {}'.format(value_id, value)
                out.append(line)
            except gdb.error:
                continue
        return out

    def attributes(self):
        return {
            'limit': {
                'doc': 'Maximum number of values to show.',
                'default': 3,
                'type': int,
                'check': check_gt_zero
            }
        }

class Memory(Dashboard.Module):
    """Allow to inspect memory regions."""

    @staticmethod
    def format_byte(byte):
        # `type(byte) is bytes` in Python 3
        if byte.isspace():
            return ' '
        elif 0x20 < ord(byte) < 0x7e:
            return chr(ord(byte))
        else:
            return '.'

    @staticmethod
    def parse_as_address(expression):
        value = gdb.parse_and_eval(expression)
        return to_unsigned(value)

    def __init__(self):
        self.row_length = 16
        self.table = {}

    def format_memory(self, start, memory):
        out = []
        for i in range(0, len(memory), self.row_length):
            region = memory[i:i + self.row_length]
            pad = self.row_length - len(region)
            address = format_address(start + i)
            hexa = (' '.join('{:02x}'.format(ord(byte)) for byte in region))
            text = (''.join(Memory.format_byte(byte) for byte in region))
            out.append('{} {}{} {}{}'.format(ansi(address, R.style_low),
                                             hexa,
                                             ansi(pad * ' --', R.style_low),
                                             ansi(text, R.style_high),
                                             ansi(pad * '.', R.style_low)))
        return out

    def label(self):
        return 'Memory'

    def lines(self, term_width, style_changed):
        out = []
        inferior = gdb.selected_inferior()
        for address, length in sorted(self.table.items()):
            try:
                memory = inferior.read_memory(address, length)
                out.extend(self.format_memory(address, memory))
            except gdb.error:
                msg = 'Cannot access {} bytes starting at {}'
                msg = msg.format(length, format_address(address))
                out.append(ansi(msg, R.style_error))
            out.append(divider(term_width))
        # drop last divider
        if out:
            del out[-1]
        return out

    def watch(self, arg):
        if arg:
            address, _, length = arg.partition(' ')
            address = Memory.parse_as_address(address)
            if length:
                length = Memory.parse_as_address(length)
            else:
                length = self.row_length
            self.table[address] = length
        else:
            raise Exception('Specify an address')

    def unwatch(self, arg):
        if arg:
            try:
                del self.table[Memory.parse_as_address(arg)]
            except KeyError:
                raise Exception('Memory region not watched')
        else:
            raise Exception('Specify an address')

    def clear(self, arg):
        self.table.clear()

    def commands(self):
        return {
            'watch': {
                'action': self.watch,
                'doc': 'Watch a memory region by address and length.\n'
                       'The length defaults to 16 byte.',
                'complete': gdb.COMPLETE_EXPRESSION
            },
            'unwatch': {
                'action': self.unwatch,
                'doc': 'Stop watching a memory region by address.',
                'complete': gdb.COMPLETE_EXPRESSION
            },
            'clear': {
                'action': self.clear,
                'doc': 'Clear all the watched regions.'
            }
        }

class Registers(Dashboard.Module):
    """Show the CPU registers and their values."""

    def __init__(self):
        self.table = {}

    def label(self):
        return 'Registers'

    def lines(self, term_width, style_changed):
        # skip if the current thread is not stopped
        if not gdb.selected_thread().is_stopped():
            return []
        # fetch registers status
        registers = []
        for reg_info in run('info registers').strip().split('\n'):
            # fetch register and update the table
            name = reg_info.split(None, 1)[0]
            # Exclude registers with a dot '.' or parse_and_eval() will fail
            if '.' in name:
                continue
            value = gdb.parse_and_eval('${}'.format(name))
            string_value = Registers.format_value(value)
            changed = self.table and (self.table.get(name, '') != string_value)
            self.table[name] = string_value
            registers.append((name, string_value, changed))
        # split registers in rows and columns, each column is composed of name,
        # space, value and another trailing space which is skipped in the last
        # column (hence term_width + 1)
        max_name = max(len(name) for name, _, _ in registers)
        max_value = max(len(value) for _, value, _ in registers)
        max_width = max_name + max_value + 2
        per_line = int((term_width + 1) / max_width) or 1
        # redistribute extra space among columns
        extra = int((term_width + 1 - max_width * per_line) / per_line)
        if per_line == 1:
            # center when there is only one column
            max_name += int(extra / 2)
            max_value += int(extra / 2)
        else:
            max_value += extra
        # format registers info
        partial = []
        for name, value, changed in registers:
            styled_name = ansi(name.rjust(max_name), R.style_low)
            value_style = R.style_selected_1 if changed else ''
            styled_value = ansi(value.ljust(max_value), value_style)
            partial.append(styled_name + ' ' + styled_value)
        out = []
        if self.column_major:
            num_lines = int(math.ceil(float(len(partial)) / per_line))
            for i in range(num_lines):
                line = ' '.join(partial[i:len(partial):num_lines]).rstrip()
                real_n_col = math.ceil(float(len(partial)) / num_lines)
                line = ' ' * int((per_line - real_n_col) * max_width / 2) + line
                out.append(line)
        else:
            for i in range(0, len(partial), per_line):
                out.append(' '.join(partial[i:i + per_line]).rstrip())
        return out

    def attributes(self):
        return {
            'column-major': {
                'doc': 'Whether to show registers in columns instead of rows.',
                'default': False,
                'name': 'column_major',
                'type': bool
            }
        }

    @staticmethod
    def format_value(value):
        try:
            if value.type.code in [gdb.TYPE_CODE_INT, gdb.TYPE_CODE_PTR]:
                int_value = to_unsigned(value, value.type.sizeof)
                value_format = '0x{{:0{}x}}'.format(2 * value.type.sizeof)
                return value_format.format(int_value)
        except (gdb.error, ValueError):
            # convert to unsigned but preserve code and flags information
            pass
        return str(value)

class Threads(Dashboard.Module):
    """List the currently available threads."""

    def label(self):
        return 'Threads'

    def lines(self, term_width, style_changed):
        out = []
        selected_thread = gdb.selected_thread()
        # do not restore the selected frame if the thread is not stopped
        restore_frame = gdb.selected_thread().is_stopped()
        if restore_frame:
            selected_frame = gdb.selected_frame()
        for thread in gdb.Inferior.threads(gdb.selected_inferior()):
            # skip running threads if requested
            if self.skip_running and thread.is_running():
                continue
            is_selected = (thread.ptid == selected_thread.ptid)
            style = R.style_selected_1 if is_selected else R.style_selected_2
            number = ansi(str(thread.num), style)
            tid = ansi(str(thread.ptid[1] or thread.ptid[2]), style)
            info = '[{}] id {}'.format(number, tid)
            if thread.name:
                info += ' name {}'.format(ansi(thread.name, style))
            # switch thread to fetch info (unless is running in non-stop mode)
            try:
                thread.switch()
                frame = gdb.newest_frame()
                info += ' ' + Stack.get_pc_line(frame, style)
            except gdb.error:
                info += ' (running)'
            out.append(info)
        # restore thread and frame
        selected_thread.switch()
        if restore_frame:
            selected_frame.select()
        return out

    def attributes(self):
        return {
            'skip-running': {
                'doc': 'Skip running threads.',
                'default': False,
                'name': 'skip_running',
                'type': bool
            }
        }

class Expressions(Dashboard.Module):
    """Watch user expressions."""

    def __init__(self):
        self.number = 1
        self.table = {}

    def label(self):
        return 'Expressions'

    def lines(self, term_width, style_changed):
        out = []
        for number, expression in sorted(self.table.items()):
            try:
                value = format_value(gdb.parse_and_eval(expression))
            except gdb.error as e:
                value = ansi(e, R.style_error)
            number = ansi(number, R.style_selected_2)
            expression = ansi(expression, R.style_low)
            out.append('[{}] {} = {}'.format(number, expression, value))
        return out

    def watch(self, arg):
        if arg:
            self.table[self.number] = arg
            self.number += 1
        else:
            raise Exception('Specify an expression')

    def unwatch(self, arg):
        if arg:
            try:
                del self.table[int(arg)]
            except:
                raise Exception('Expression not watched')
        else:
            raise Exception('Specify an identifier')

    def clear(self, arg):
        self.table.clear()

    def commands(self):
        return {
            'watch': {
                'action': self.watch,
                'doc': 'Watch an expression.',
                'complete': gdb.COMPLETE_EXPRESSION
            },
            'unwatch': {
                'action': self.unwatch,
                'doc': 'Stop watching an expression by id.',
                'complete': gdb.COMPLETE_EXPRESSION
            },
            'clear': {
                'action': self.clear,
                'doc': 'Clear all the watched expressions.'
            }
        }

# XXX traceback line numbers in this Python block must be increased by 1
end

# Better GDB defaults ----------------------------------------------------------

set history save
set verbose off
set print pretty on
set print array off
set print array-indexes on
set python print-stack full

# Start ------------------------------------------------------------------------

python Dashboard.start()

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Copyright (c) 2015-2017 Andrea Cardaci <cyrus.and@gmail.com>
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# vim: filetype=python
# Local Variables:
# mode: python
# End: