diff --git a/internal/gatewayapi/route.go b/internal/gatewayapi/route.go
index ad2622051910..547a155bd0a5 100644
--- a/internal/gatewayapi/route.go
+++ b/internal/gatewayapi/route.go
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ func (t *Translator) processHTTPRouteRule(httpRoute *HTTPRouteContext, ruleIdx i
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
-				sessionPersistence.Cookie.TTL = &ttl
+				sessionPersistence.Cookie.TTL = &metav1.Duration{Duration: ttl}
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/internal/ir/xds.go b/internal/ir/xds.go
index 2c9f4ad06ce0..cfd372e27ab0 100644
--- a/internal/ir/xds.go
+++ b/internal/ir/xds.go
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/netip"
 	"reflect"
-	"time"
 
 	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
 	apiextensionsv1 "k8s.io/apiextensions-apiserver/pkg/apis/apiextensions/v1"
@@ -588,7 +587,7 @@ type SessionPersistence struct {
 // CookieBasedSessionPersistence defines the configuration for cookie-based session persistence.
 // +k8s:deepcopy-gen=true
 type CookieBasedSessionPersistence struct {
-	TTL *time.Duration `json:"ttl,omitempty" yaml:"ttl,omitempty"`
+	TTL *metav1.Duration `json:"ttl,omitempty" yaml:"ttl,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // HeaderBasedSessionPersistence defines the configuration for header-based session persistence.
diff --git a/internal/ir/zz_generated.deepcopy.go b/internal/ir/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
index 75e9d3b31804..3b6ab98159fa 100644
--- a/internal/ir/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/internal/ir/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 	apiextensionsv1 "k8s.io/apiextensions-apiserver/pkg/apis/apiextensions/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/gateway-api/apis/v1alpha2"
-	timex "time"
 )
 
 // DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
@@ -537,7 +536,7 @@ func (in *CookieBasedSessionPersistence) DeepCopyInto(out *CookieBasedSessionPer
 	*out = *in
 	if in.TTL != nil {
 		in, out := &in.TTL, &out.TTL
-		*out = new(timex.Duration)
+		*out = new(v1.Duration)
 		**out = **in
 	}
 }
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/session_persistence.go b/internal/xds/translator/session_persistence.go
index 7484b13c05ac..3e7372629f83 100644
--- a/internal/xds/translator/session_persistence.go
+++ b/internal/xds/translator/session_persistence.go
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func (s *sessionPersistence) patchHCM(mgr *hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager, irListen
 				Cookie: &httpv3.Cookie{
 					Name: sp.SessionName,
 					Path: routePathToCookiePath(route.PathMatch),
-					Ttl:  durationpb.New(*sp.Cookie.TTL),
+					Ttl:  durationpb.New(sp.Cookie.TTL.Duration),
 				},
 			}
 		case sp.Header != nil:
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/session_persistence_test.go b/internal/xds/translator/session_persistence_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index e2ceb4bd6d59..000000000000
--- a/internal/xds/translator/session_persistence_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,276 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright Envoy Gateway Authors
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-// The full text of the Apache license is available in the LICENSE file at
-// the root of the repo.
-
-package translator
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	hcmv3 "github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy/extensions/filters/network/http_connection_manager/v3"
-	cookiev3 "github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy/extensions/http/stateful_session/cookie/v3"
-	headerv3 "github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy/extensions/http/stateful_session/header/v3"
-	httpv3 "github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy/type/http/v3"
-	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
-	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/cmpopts"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/anypb"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/durationpb"
-	"k8s.io/utils/ptr"
-
-	"github.com/envoyproxy/gateway/internal/ir"
-)
-
-func Test_sessionPersistence_patchHCM(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	type args struct {
-		mgr        *hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager
-		irListener *ir.HTTPListener
-	}
-	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		s       *sessionPersistence
-		args    args
-		wantErr bool
-		wantMgr *hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "nil hcm",
-			s:    &sessionPersistence{},
-			args: args{
-				// nil mgr
-				irListener: &ir.HTTPListener{},
-			},
-			wantErr: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "nil irListener",
-			s:    &sessionPersistence{},
-			args: args{
-				mgr: &hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager{},
-			},
-			wantErr: true,
-		},
-		{
-			// patchHCM should return early without any edit if the filter already exists
-			// because patchHCM could be called multiple times for the same filter.
-			name: "mgr already has the filter",
-			s:    &sessionPersistence{},
-			args: args{
-				irListener: &ir.HTTPListener{},
-				mgr: &hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager{
-					HttpFilters: []*hcmv3.HttpFilter{
-						{
-							Name: sessionPersistenceFilter,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantMgr: &hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager{
-				HttpFilters: []*hcmv3.HttpFilter{
-					{
-						Name: sessionPersistenceFilter,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "no session persistence",
-			s:    &sessionPersistence{},
-			args: args{
-				mgr: &hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager{},
-				irListener: &ir.HTTPListener{
-					Routes: []*ir.HTTPRoute{
-						{
-							Name: "route1",
-							// no session persistence config
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantMgr: &hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager{},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "no session persistence",
-			s:    &sessionPersistence{},
-			args: args{
-				mgr: &hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager{},
-				irListener: &ir.HTTPListener{
-					Routes: []*ir.HTTPRoute{
-						{
-							Name: "route1",
-							// no session persistence config
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantMgr: &hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager{},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "header-based session persistence",
-			s:    &sessionPersistence{},
-			args: args{
-				mgr: &hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager{},
-				irListener: &ir.HTTPListener{
-					Routes: []*ir.HTTPRoute{
-						{
-							Name: "route1",
-							SessionPersistence: &ir.SessionPersistence{
-								SessionName: "session1",
-								Header:      &ir.HeaderBasedSessionPersistence{},
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantMgr: &hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager{
-				HttpFilters: []*hcmv3.HttpFilter{
-					{
-						Name: sessionPersistenceFilter,
-						ConfigType: &hcmv3.HttpFilter_TypedConfig{
-							TypedConfig: mustAnyPB(&headerv3.HeaderBasedSessionState{
-								Name: "session1",
-							}),
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "cookie-based session persistence (one route)",
-			s:    &sessionPersistence{},
-			args: args{
-				mgr: &hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager{},
-				irListener: &ir.HTTPListener{
-					Routes: []*ir.HTTPRoute{
-						{
-							Name: "route1",
-							SessionPersistence: &ir.SessionPersistence{
-								SessionName: "session1",
-								Cookie: &ir.CookieBasedSessionPersistence{
-									TTL: ptr.To(time.Duration(10)),
-								},
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantMgr: &hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager{
-				HttpFilters: []*hcmv3.HttpFilter{
-					{
-						Name: sessionPersistenceFilter,
-						ConfigType: &hcmv3.HttpFilter_TypedConfig{
-							TypedConfig: mustAnyPB(&cookiev3.CookieBasedSessionState{
-								Cookie: &httpv3.Cookie{
-									Name: "session1",
-									Ttl:  durationpb.New(time.Duration(10)),
-									Path: "/",
-								},
-							}),
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "cookie-based session persistence (multiple routes)",
-			s:    &sessionPersistence{},
-			args: args{
-				mgr: &hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager{},
-				irListener: &ir.HTTPListener{
-					Routes: []*ir.HTTPRoute{
-						{
-							Name: "route1",
-							PathMatch: &ir.StringMatch{
-								Prefix: ptr.To("/v1"),
-							},
-							SessionPersistence: &ir.SessionPersistence{
-								SessionName: "session1",
-								Cookie: &ir.CookieBasedSessionPersistence{
-									TTL: ptr.To(time.Duration(10)),
-								},
-							},
-						},
-						{
-							Name: "route2",
-							PathMatch: &ir.StringMatch{
-								SafeRegex: ptr.To("/v2/.*/abc"),
-							},
-							SessionPersistence: &ir.SessionPersistence{
-								SessionName: "session1",
-								Cookie: &ir.CookieBasedSessionPersistence{
-									TTL: ptr.To(time.Duration(10)),
-								},
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantMgr: &hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager{
-				HttpFilters: []*hcmv3.HttpFilter{
-					{
-						Name: sessionPersistenceFilter,
-						ConfigType: &hcmv3.HttpFilter_TypedConfig{
-							TypedConfig: mustAnyPB(&cookiev3.CookieBasedSessionState{
-								Cookie: &httpv3.Cookie{
-									Name: "session1",
-									Ttl:  durationpb.New(time.Duration(10)),
-									Path: "/v1",
-								},
-							}),
-						},
-					},
-					{
-						Name: sessionPersistenceFilter,
-						ConfigType: &hcmv3.HttpFilter_TypedConfig{
-							TypedConfig: mustAnyPB(&cookiev3.CookieBasedSessionState{
-								Cookie: &httpv3.Cookie{
-									Name: "session1",
-									Ttl:  durationpb.New(time.Duration(10)),
-									Path: "/v2",
-								},
-							}),
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		tt := tt
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-			s := &sessionPersistence{}
-			mgr := tt.args.mgr
-			err := s.patchHCM(mgr, tt.args.irListener)
-			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
-				t.Errorf("sessionPersistence.patchHCM() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				// No need to continue
-				return
-			}
-
-			if diff := cmp.Diff(tt.wantMgr, mgr, cmpopts.IgnoreUnexported(
-				hcmv3.HttpConnectionManager{},
-				hcmv3.HttpFilter{},
-				headerv3.HeaderBasedSessionState{},
-				hcmv3.HttpFilter_TypedConfig{},
-				anypb.Any{})); diff != "" {
-				t.Errorf("sessionPersistence.patchHCM() mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func mustAnyPB(m proto.Message) *anypb.Any {
-	a, err := anypb.New(m)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return a
-}
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/testdata/in/xds-ir/http-route-session-persistence.yaml b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/in/xds-ir/http-route-session-persistence.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b7c300863a61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/in/xds-ir/http-route-session-persistence.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+http:
+- name: "first-listener"
+  address: "0.0.0.0"
+  port: 10080
+  hostnames:
+  - "*"
+  path:
+    mergeSlashes: true
+    escapedSlashesAction: UnescapeAndRedirect
+  routes:
+  - name: "header-based-session-persistence-route"
+    hostname: "*"
+    pathMatch:
+      safeRegex: "/v1/.*"
+    sessionPersistence:
+      sessionName: "session1"
+      header: {}
+    destination:
+      name: "regex-route-dest"
+      settings:
+      - endpoints:
+        - host: "1.2.3.4"
+          port: 50000
+  - name: "cookie-based-session-persistence-route-regex"
+    hostname: "*"
+    pathMatch:
+      safeRegex: "/v1/.*/hoge"
+    sessionPersistence:
+      sessionName: "session1"
+      cookie:
+        ttl: "1h"
+    destination:
+      name: "regex-route-dest"
+      settings:
+      - endpoints:
+        - host: "1.2.3.4"
+          port: 50000
+  - name: "cookie-based-session-persistence-route-prefix"
+    hostname: "*"
+    pathMatch:
+      prefix: "/v2/"
+    sessionPersistence:
+      sessionName: "session1"
+      cookie:
+        ttl: "1h"
+    destination:
+      name: "regex-route-dest"
+      settings:
+      - endpoints:
+        - host: "1.2.3.4"
+          port: 50000
+  - name: "cookie-based-session-persistence-route-exact"
+    hostname: "*"
+    pathMatch:
+      exact: "/v3/user"
+    sessionPersistence:
+      sessionName: "session1"
+      cookie:
+        ttl: "1h"
+    destination:
+      name: "regex-route-dest"
+      settings:
+      - endpoints:
+        - host: "1.2.3.4"
+          port: 50000
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/http-route-session-persistence.clusters.yaml b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/http-route-session-persistence.clusters.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0f75e67e2789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/http-route-session-persistence.clusters.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+- circuitBreakers:
+    thresholds:
+    - maxRetries: 1024
+  commonLbConfig:
+    localityWeightedLbConfig: {}
+  connectTimeout: 10s
+  dnsLookupFamily: V4_ONLY
+  edsClusterConfig:
+    edsConfig:
+      ads: {}
+      resourceApiVersion: V3
+    serviceName: regex-route-dest
+  lbPolicy: LEAST_REQUEST
+  name: regex-route-dest
+  outlierDetection: {}
+  perConnectionBufferLimitBytes: 32768
+  type: EDS
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/http-route-session-persistence.endpoints.yaml b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/http-route-session-persistence.endpoints.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b36ee4500599
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/http-route-session-persistence.endpoints.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+- clusterName: regex-route-dest
+  endpoints:
+  - lbEndpoints:
+    - endpoint:
+        address:
+          socketAddress:
+            address: 1.2.3.4
+            portValue: 50000
+      loadBalancingWeight: 1
+    loadBalancingWeight: 1
+    locality:
+      region: regex-route-dest/backend/0
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/http-route-session-persistence.listeners.yaml b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/http-route-session-persistence.listeners.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..25eb7f650366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/http-route-session-persistence.listeners.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+- address:
+    socketAddress:
+      address: 0.0.0.0
+      portValue: 10080
+  defaultFilterChain:
+    filters:
+    - name: envoy.filters.network.http_connection_manager
+      typedConfig:
+        '@type': type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.filters.network.http_connection_manager.v3.HttpConnectionManager
+        commonHttpProtocolOptions:
+          headersWithUnderscoresAction: REJECT_REQUEST
+        http2ProtocolOptions:
+          initialConnectionWindowSize: 1048576
+          initialStreamWindowSize: 65536
+          maxConcurrentStreams: 100
+        httpFilters:
+        - name: envoy.filters.http.stateful_session
+          typedConfig:
+            '@type': type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.http.stateful_session.header.v3.HeaderBasedSessionState
+            name: session1
+        - name: envoy.filters.http.stateful_session
+          typedConfig:
+            '@type': type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.http.stateful_session.cookie.v3.CookieBasedSessionState
+            cookie:
+              name: session1
+              path: /v1
+              ttl: 3600s
+        - name: envoy.filters.http.stateful_session
+          typedConfig:
+            '@type': type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.http.stateful_session.cookie.v3.CookieBasedSessionState
+            cookie:
+              name: session1
+              path: /v2/
+              ttl: 3600s
+        - name: envoy.filters.http.stateful_session
+          typedConfig:
+            '@type': type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.http.stateful_session.cookie.v3.CookieBasedSessionState
+            cookie:
+              name: session1
+              path: /v3/user
+              ttl: 3600s
+        - name: envoy.filters.http.router
+          typedConfig:
+            '@type': type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.filters.http.router.v3.Router
+            suppressEnvoyHeaders: true
+        mergeSlashes: true
+        normalizePath: true
+        pathWithEscapedSlashesAction: UNESCAPE_AND_REDIRECT
+        rds:
+          configSource:
+            ads: {}
+            resourceApiVersion: V3
+          routeConfigName: first-listener
+        serverHeaderTransformation: PASS_THROUGH
+        statPrefix: http
+        useRemoteAddress: true
+    name: first-listener
+  drainType: MODIFY_ONLY
+  name: first-listener
+  perConnectionBufferLimitBytes: 32768
diff --git a/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/http-route-session-persistence.routes.yaml b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/http-route-session-persistence.routes.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fa1955a0a6ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/xds/translator/testdata/out/xds-ir/http-route-session-persistence.routes.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+- ignorePortInHostMatching: true
+  name: first-listener
+  virtualHosts:
+  - domains:
+    - '*'
+    name: first-listener/*
+    routes:
+    - match:
+        safeRegex:
+          regex: /v1/.*
+      name: header-based-session-persistence-route
+      route:
+        cluster: regex-route-dest
+        upgradeConfigs:
+        - upgradeType: websocket
+    - match:
+        safeRegex:
+          regex: /v1/.*/hoge
+      name: cookie-based-session-persistence-route-regex
+      route:
+        cluster: regex-route-dest
+        upgradeConfigs:
+        - upgradeType: websocket
+    - match:
+        pathSeparatedPrefix: /v2
+      name: cookie-based-session-persistence-route-prefix
+      route:
+        cluster: regex-route-dest
+        upgradeConfigs:
+        - upgradeType: websocket
+    - match:
+        path: /v3/user
+      name: cookie-based-session-persistence-route-exact
+      route:
+        cluster: regex-route-dest
+        upgradeConfigs:
+        - upgradeType: websocket