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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Go by Example 中文版: 协程</title>
<link rel=stylesheet href="site.css">
</head>
<script>
onkeydown = (e) => {
if (e.key == "ArrowLeft") {
window.location.href = 'errors';
}
if (e.key == "ArrowRight") {
window.location.href = 'channels';
}
}
</script>
<body>
<div class="example" id="goroutines">
<h2><a href="./">Go by Example 中文版</a>: 协程</h2>
<table>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p><em>协程(goroutine)</em> 是轻量级的执行线程。</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="https://play.studygolang.com/p/bExyoWeGZdl"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
<pre class="chroma"><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<pre class="chroma"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
<span class="s">"time"</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<pre class="chroma"><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">from</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="p"><</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">from</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">":"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<pre class="chroma"><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>假设我们有一个函数叫做 <code>f(s)</code>。
我们一般会这样 <code>同步地</code> 调用它</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<pre class="chroma">
<span class="nf">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"direct"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>使用 <code>go f(s)</code> 在一个协程中调用这个函数。
这个新的 Go 协程将会 <code>并发地</code> 执行这个函数。</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<pre class="chroma">
<span class="k">go</span> <span class="nf">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"goroutine"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>你也可以为匿名函数启动一个协程。</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<pre class="chroma">
<span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">msg</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">msg</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}(</span><span class="s">"going"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>现在两个协程在独立的协程中 <code>异步地</code> 运行，
然后等待两个协程完成（更好的方法是使用 <a href="waitgroups">WaitGroup</a>）。</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<pre class="chroma">
<span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Second</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"done"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>当我们运行这个程序时，首先会看到阻塞式调用的输出，然后是两个协程的交替输出。
这种交替的情况表示 Go runtime 是以并发的方式运行协程的。</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<pre class="chroma">
<span class="gp">$</span> go run goroutines.go
<span class="go">direct : 0
</span><span class="go">direct : 1
</span><span class="go">direct : 2
</span><span class="go">goroutine : 0
</span><span class="go">going
</span><span class="go">goroutine : 1
</span><span class="go">goroutine : 2
</span><span class="go">done</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>接下来我们将学习协程的辅助特性：通道（channels）。</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class="next">
下一个例子: <a href="channels">通道</a>
</p>
<p class="footer">
<a href="https://twitter.com/mmcgrana">@mmcgrana</a> 和<a href="https://eli.thegreenplace.net">Eli Bendersky</a>编写 | <a href="https://github.com/gobyexample-cn">gobyexample-cn</a> 翻译 | <a href="https://github.com/gobyexample-cn/gobyexample/issues">反馈</a> | <a href="https://github.com/gobyexample-cn/gobyexample">源码</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a> </p>
</p>
</div>
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