Skip to content

Latest commit

 

History

History
265 lines (197 loc) · 7.39 KB

14.4-chinese.md

File metadata and controls

265 lines (197 loc) · 7.39 KB

14.4 使用ThreadSaniiser向CDash报告数据争用

NOTE:此示例代码可以在 https://github.com/dev-cafe/cmake-cookbook/tree/v1.0/chapter-14/recipe-03 中找到,其中包含一个C++示例。该示例在CMake 3.5版(或更高版本)中是有效的,并且已经在GNU/Linux、macOS和Windows上进行过测试。

在这个示例中,我们将重用前一个示例中的方法,但是使用ThreadSanitizer或TSan,结合CTest和CDash,来检查数据竞争,并将它们报告给CDash。ThreadSanitizer的文档可以在网上找到,https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/ThreadSanitizerCppManual

准备工作

这个示例中,我们将使用以下示例代码(example.cpp):

#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>

static const int num_threads = 16;

void increase(int i, int &s) {
  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
  std::cout << "thread " << i << " increases " << s++ << std::endl;
}

int main() {
  std::thread t[num_threads];
  
  int s = 0;
  
  // start threads
  for (auto i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
  	t[i] = std::thread(increase, i, std::ref(s));
  }
  
  // join threads with main thread
  for (auto i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
  	t[i].join();
  }
  
  std::cout << "final s: " << s << std::endl;
  
  return 0;
}

这个示例代码中,我们启动16个线程,每个线程都调用increase函数。increase函数休眠1s,然后打印并递增一个整数s。我们预计此示例代码将显示数据竞争,因为所有线程读取和修改相同的地址,而不需要任何显式同步或协调。换句话说,我们期望在代码末尾打印的最终s,每次的结果都不同。代码有bug,我们将尝试在ThreadSanitizer的帮助下识别数据竞争。如果不运行ThreadSanitizer,我们可能不会看到代码有任何问题:

$ ./example

thread thread 0 increases 01 increases 1
thread 9 increases 2
thread 4 increases 3
thread 10 increases 4
thread 2 increases 5
thread 3 increases 6
thread 13 increases 7
thread thread 7 increases 8
thread 14 increases 9
thread 8 increases 10
thread 12 increases 11
thread 15 increases 12
thread 11 increases 13

5 increases 14
thread 6 increases 15
final s: 16

具体实施

  1. 文件CMakeLists.txt首先定义一个受支持的最低版本、项目名称、受支持的语言。在本例中,定义了C++11标准项目:

    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR)
    
    project(recipe-04 LANGUAGES CXX)
    
    set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
    set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
    set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
  2. 接下来,找到线程库,定义可执行文件,并将其链接到线程库:

    find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
    
    add_executable(example example.cpp)
    
    target_link_libraries(example
      PUBLIC
      	Threads::Threads
      )
  3. 然后,提供编译选项和代码,并链接到ThreadSanitizer:

    option(ENABLE_TSAN "Enable ThreadSanitizer" OFF)
    
    if(ENABLE_TSAN)
      if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES GNU)
        message(STATUS "ThreadSanitizer enabled")
        target_compile_options(example
        PUBLIC
        	-g -O1 -fsanitize=thread -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fPIC
        )
        target_link_libraries(example
          PUBLIC
            tsan
          )
      else()
      	message(WARNING "ThreadSanitizer not supported for this compiler")
      endif()
    endif()
  4. 最后,编译测试用例:

    enable_testing()
    
    # allow to report to a cdash dashboard
    include(CTest)
    
    add_test(
      NAME
      	example
      COMMAND
      	$<TARGET_FILE:example>
      )
  5. CTestConfig.cmake没有变化:

    set(CTEST_DROP_METHOD "http")
    set(CTEST_DROP_SITE "my.cdash.org")
    set(CTEST_DROP_LOCATION "/submit.php?project=cmake-cookbook")
    set(CTEST_DROP_SITE_CDASH TRUE)
  6. dashboard.cmake 需要为TSan进行简单修改:

    set(CTEST_PROJECT_NAME "example")
    cmake_host_system_information(RESULT _site QUERY HOSTNAME)
    set(CTEST_SITE ${_site})
    set(CTEST_BUILD_NAME "${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}-${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}")
    
    set(CTEST_SOURCE_DIRECTORY "${CTEST_SCRIPT_DIRECTORY}")
    set(CTEST_BINARY_DIRECTORY "${CTEST_SCRIPT_DIRECTORY}/build")
    
    include(ProcessorCount)
    ProcessorCount(N)
    if(NOT N EQUAL 0)
      set(CTEST_BUILD_FLAGS -j${N})
      set(ctest_test_args ${ctest_test_args} PARALLEL_LEVEL ${N})
    endif()
    
    ctest_start(Experimental)
    
    ctest_configure(
      OPTIONS
      	-DENABLE_TSAN:BOOL=ON
      )
      
    ctest_build()
    ctest_test()
    
    set(CTEST_MEMORYCHECK_TYPE "ThreadSanitizer")
    ctest_memcheck()
    
    ctest_submit()
  7. 让我们以这个例子为例。通过CTEST_CMAKE_GENERATOR选项来设置生成器:

    $ ctest -S dashboard.cmake -D CTEST_CMAKE_GENERATOR="Unix Makefiles"
    
    Each . represents 1024 bytes of output
    . Size of output: 0K
    Each symbol represents 1024 bytes of output.
    '!' represents an error and '*' a warning.
    . Size of output: 0K
  8. 在面板上,我们将看到以下内容:

  9. 我们可以看到更详细的动态分析:

工作原理

该示例CMakeLists.txt的核心部分:

option(ENABLE_TSAN "Enable ThreadSanitizer" OFF)

if(ENABLE_TSAN)
  if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES GNU)
    message(STATUS "ThreadSanitizer enabled")
    target_compile_options(example
    PUBLIC
    	-g -O1 -fsanitize=thread -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fPIC
    )
    target_link_libraries(example
      PUBLIC
        tsan
      )
  else()
  	message(WARNING "ThreadSanitizer not supported for this compiler")
  endif()
endif()

dashboard.cmake也需要更新:

# ...

ctest_start(Experimental)

ctest_configure(
  OPTIONS
  	-DENABLE_TSAN:BOOL=ON
  )

ctest_build()
ctest_test()

set(CTEST_MEMORYCHECK_TYPE "ThreadSanitizer")
ctest_memcheck()

ctest_submit()

和上一个示例一样,我们也可以在本地查看ThreadSanitizer的输出:

$ mkdir -p build
$ cd build
$ cmake -DENABLE_TSAN=ON ..
$ cmake --build .
$ cmake --build . --target test

Start 1: example
1/1 Test #1: example ..........................***Failed 1.07 sec
0% tests passed, 1 tests failed out of 1
$ ./build/example
thread 0 increases 0
==================
WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: data race (pid=24563)
... lots of output ...
SUMMARY: ThreadSanitizer: data race /home/user/cmake-recipes/chapter-14/recipe-04/cxx-example/example

更多信息

对使用OpenMP的应用TSan是很常见的,但是请注意,在某些情况下,OpenMP会在TSan下生成误检的结果。对于Clang编译器,一个解决方案是用-DLIBOMP_TSAN_SUPPORT=TRUE重新编译编译器本身及其libomp。通常,以合理的方式使用TSan可能需要重新编译整个工具堆栈,以避免误报。在使用pybind11的C++项目的情况,我们可能需要重新编译Python,并启用TSan来获得有意义的东西。或者,Python绑定可以通过使用TSan抑制而被排除在外,如 https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/threadsanitizersuppression 。例如:如果一个动态库同时被一个经过TSan的二进制文件和一个Python插件调用,那么这种情况可能是不可能使用TSan。

下面的博客文章讨论了如何添加对动态分析工具的支持:https://blog.kitware.com/ctest-cdash-add-support-for-new-dynamic-analysis-tools/