diff --git a/library_schemas/lang/prerelease/HED_lang_1.0.0.mediawiki b/library_schemas/lang/prerelease/HED_lang_1.0.0.mediawiki index 7ca90d3..76391de 100644 --- a/library_schemas/lang/prerelease/HED_lang_1.0.0.mediawiki +++ b/library_schemas/lang/prerelease/HED_lang_1.0.0.mediawiki @@ -5,86 +5,86 @@ The HED Language schema is a Hierarchical Event Descriptors Library Schema Langu !# start schema -'''Morphene-type''' {} [The type of a morpheme.] +'''Morphene-type''' [The type of a morpheme.] -'''Free-morpheme-type''' {} [A morpheme type that can function as a word.] +'''Free-morpheme-type''' [A morpheme type that can function as a word.] -'''Bound-morpheme-type''' {} [A morpheme type that cannot be a word itself, such as prefixes and suffixes.] +'''Bound-morpheme-type''' [A morpheme type that cannot be a word itself, such as prefixes and suffixes.] -'''Burmese''' {} [A Burmo Qiangic language mainly spoken in Myanmar] +'''Burmese''' [A Burmo Qiangic language mainly spoken in Myanmar] -'''Direct-syntactic-object''' {} [A word or phrase which receives the action of the verb.] +'''Direct-syntactic-object''' [A word or phrase which receives the action of the verb.] -'''Indirect-syntactic-object''' {} [A word of phrase which receives the direct object.] +'''Indirect-syntactic-object''' [A word of phrase which receives the direct object.] '''Inflective-morphological-function''' {suggestedTag=Grammatical-category} [Changing the grammatical function.] -* Conjugate {} [Identifying the voice, mood, tense, number, gender, and person of a verb.] -* Decline {} [Marking the number, case, gender, or class of nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and articles.] +* Conjugate [Identifying the voice, mood, tense, number, gender, and person of a verb.] +* Decline [Marking the number, case, gender, or class of nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and articles.] '''Language''' {rooted=Item} [A specific system of communication, with a vocabulary and grammar, which is used by a particular community or in a country.] -* Afroasiatic-language {} [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in West Asia, North Africa, the Hord of Africa and parts of the Sahara and Sahel.] -** Arabic {} [An Afroasiatic language spoken mainly in Northern Africa and Western Asia.] -** Hebrew {} [An Afroasiatic language mainly spoken in Isreal.] -* Atlantic-Congo-language {} [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in South, and parts of Central and West Africa.] -** Swahili {} [An atlantic congo language mainly spoken in Tanzania, Kenya and Mozambique.] -* Austroasiatic {} [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in Southeast Asia, South Asia and East Asia.] -** Vietnamese {} [An Austroasiatic language mainly spoken in Vietnam.] -* Austronesian-language {} [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in Southeast Asi, Madagascar, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and Taiwan.] -** Malay {} [An Austronesian language manily spoken in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, East Timor and parts of Thailand.] -* Dravidian {} [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in Southern India, Northeast Sri Lanka Southwest Pakistan and some regions of Nepal.] -** Tamil {} [A Dravidian Language spoken the Indian state Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Sri Lanka and Singapore.] +* Afroasiatic-language [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in West Asia, North Africa, the Hord of Africa and parts of the Sahara and Sahel.] +** Arabic [An Afroasiatic language spoken mainly in Northern Africa and Western Asia.] +** Hebrew [An Afroasiatic language mainly spoken in Isreal.] +* Atlantic-Congo-language [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in South, and parts of Central and West Africa.] +** Swahili [An atlantic congo language mainly spoken in Tanzania, Kenya and Mozambique.] +* Austroasiatic [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in Southeast Asia, South Asia and East Asia.] +** Vietnamese [An Austroasiatic language mainly spoken in Vietnam.] +* Austronesian-language [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in Southeast Asi, Madagascar, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and Taiwan.] +** Malay [An Austronesian language manily spoken in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, East Timor and parts of Thailand.] +* Dravidian [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in Southern India, Northeast Sri Lanka Southwest Pakistan and some regions of Nepal.] +** Tamil [A Dravidian Language spoken the Indian state Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Sri Lanka and Singapore.] * Indo-European-language {suggestedTag=Language-property} [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages native to the majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent.] -** Baltic-language {} [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages originating in Northeastern Europe.] -*** Latvian {} [A baltic language spoken mainly in Latvia.] -*** Lithuanian {} [A baltic language spoken mainly in Lithuania.] -** Germanic-language {} [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages originating in Northwestern and Central Europe and Scandinavia, currently spoken mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania and Southern Africa] -*** Danish {} [A Germanic language, mainly spoken in Denmark] -*** Dutch {} [A Germanic Language which is spoken in parts of Western Europe, South America and the Caribbean islands.] -*** English {} [A Germanic Language which is spoken in the United Kingdom, parts of North America, and Oceania and is used in parts of Africa, Asia and Oceania as an adminastrative language.] -*** German {} [A Germanic Language which is mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe.] -*** Icelandic {} [A Germanic language mainly spoken in Iceland] -*** Norwegian {} [A Germanic language mainly spoken in Norway.] -*** Swedish {} [A Germanic language mainly spoken in Sweden and parts of Finland.] -** Romance-language {} [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages directly descending from Vulgar Latin.] -*** Catalan {} [A Romance language spoken in Andorra, and several autonomous communities in Eastern Spain as well as a department in Southern France.] -*** French {} [A Romance language spoken in parts of Western Europe, North America and Africa, and is used as an adminatrative or official language in parts of the world.] -*** Galician {} [A Romance language mainly spoken in Galicia.] -*** Gallo-Rhaetian-language {} [A group of historically related Romance varieties spoken in Switzerland and Northern Italy.] -*** Italian {} [A Romance language mainly spoken in Italy and parts of Switzerland.] -*** Portuguese {} [A Romance language spoken in Portugal and part of South America (Brazil) and is used as administrative language in other parts of the world.] -*** Romanian {} [A Romance language spoken in Romania and Moldova as well as small communities in Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia and Ukraine.] -*** Spanish {} [A Romance language spoken in Spain and large parts of the Americas.] -** Slavic-language {} [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages originating in Eastern Europe.] -*** Bulgarian {} [A slavic language spoken mainly in Bulgaria.] -*** Croatian {} [A slavic language spoken mainly in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and parts of Serbia.] -*** Czech {} [A Slavic language spoken mainly in the Czech Republic.] -*** Macedonian {} [A slavic language spoken mainly in North Macedonia.] -*** Polish {} [A slavic language spoken mainly in Poland.] -*** Russian {} [A Slavic language spoken mainly in Europe and used in parts of Eastern Europe, West and Central Asia.] -*** Slovak {} [A slavic language spoken mainly in Slovakia.] -*** Ukrainian {} [A slavic language spoken mainly in Ukraine.] -* Japonic {} [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in Japan and the Ryukyu Islands] -** Japanese {} [A Japonic language mainly spoken in Japan.] -* Koreanic {} [A system of commication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in Korea.] -** Korean {} [A Koreanic language mainly spoken in Korea.] -* Sino-Tibetan-language {} [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages spoken in Asia.] -** Burmo-Qiangic-language {} [A system of communication belonging to the family of language mainly spoken in Southwest China and Myanmar.] -** Sinitic {} [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in China.] -*** Gan-Chinese {} [A Sinitic language mainly spoken in Jiangxi province , and parts of Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, and Fujian.] -*** Mandarin-Chinese {} [A group of Chinese language dialects that are natively spoken in most of northern and southwestern China] -**** Standard-Chinese {} [A modern standard form of Mandarin Chinese which is the official Language of mainland China.] -*** Wu-Chinese {} [A Sinitic language mainly spoken in Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, and the part of Jiangsu Province south of the Yangtze River] -*** Xiang-Chinese {} [A Sinitic language mainly spoken in Hunan province, northern Guangxi and parts of Guizhou, Guangdong, Sichuan, Jiangxi and Hubei provinces] -*** Yue-Chinese {} [A group of Sinitic languages mainly spoken Southern China] -**** Cantonese {} [A Sinitic Language mainly spoken southeastern China, Hong Kong and Macau.] -* Tai-Kadai {} [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in Southeast Asia, Southern China, and Northeastern India.] -** Thai {} [A Tai Kadai language mainly spoken in Central Thailand.] -* Turkic {} [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages spoken in parts of Eurasia such as Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia and West Asia.] -** Turkish {} [A Turkish language mainly spoken in Turkey and Northern Cyprus.] -* Uralic {} [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in part of Europe and North Asia.] -** Estonian {} [An Uralic Language mainly spoken in Estonia.] -** Finnish {} [An Uralic language mainly spoken in Finland.] -** Hungarian {} [An Uralic Language mainly spoken in Hungary.] +** Baltic-language [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages originating in Northeastern Europe.] +*** Latvian [A baltic language spoken mainly in Latvia.] +*** Lithuanian [A baltic language spoken mainly in Lithuania.] +** Germanic-language [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages originating in Northwestern and Central Europe and Scandinavia, currently spoken mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania and Southern Africa] +*** Danish [A Germanic language, mainly spoken in Denmark] +*** Dutch [A Germanic Language which is spoken in parts of Western Europe, South America and the Caribbean islands.] +*** English [A Germanic Language which is spoken in the United Kingdom, parts of North America, and Oceania and is used in parts of Africa, Asia and Oceania as an adminastrative language.] +*** German [A Germanic Language which is mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe.] +*** Icelandic [A Germanic language mainly spoken in Iceland] +*** Norwegian [A Germanic language mainly spoken in Norway.] +*** Swedish [A Germanic language mainly spoken in Sweden and parts of Finland.] +** Romance-language [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages directly descending from Vulgar Latin.] +*** Catalan [A Romance language spoken in Andorra, and several autonomous communities in Eastern Spain as well as a department in Southern France.] +*** French [A Romance language spoken in parts of Western Europe, North America and Africa, and is used as an adminatrative or official language in parts of the world.] +*** Galician [A Romance language mainly spoken in Galicia.] +*** Gallo-Rhaetian-language [A group of historically related Romance varieties spoken in Switzerland and Northern Italy.] +*** Italian [A Romance language mainly spoken in Italy and parts of Switzerland.] +*** Portuguese [A Romance language spoken in Portugal and part of South America (Brazil) and is used as administrative language in other parts of the world.] +*** Romanian [A Romance language spoken in Romania and Moldova as well as small communities in Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia and Ukraine.] +*** Spanish [A Romance language spoken in Spain and large parts of the Americas.] +** Slavic-language [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages originating in Eastern Europe.] +*** Bulgarian [A slavic language spoken mainly in Bulgaria.] +*** Croatian [A slavic language spoken mainly in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and parts of Serbia.] +*** Czech [A Slavic language spoken mainly in the Czech Republic.] +*** Macedonian [A slavic language spoken mainly in North Macedonia.] +*** Polish [A slavic language spoken mainly in Poland.] +*** Russian [A Slavic language spoken mainly in Europe and used in parts of Eastern Europe, West and Central Asia.] +*** Slovak [A slavic language spoken mainly in Slovakia.] +*** Ukrainian [A slavic language spoken mainly in Ukraine.] +* Japonic [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in Japan and the Ryukyu Islands] +** Japanese [A Japonic language mainly spoken in Japan.] +* Koreanic [A system of commication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in Korea.] +** Korean [A Koreanic language mainly spoken in Korea.] +* Sino-Tibetan-language [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages spoken in Asia.] +** Burmo-Qiangic-language [A system of communication belonging to the family of language mainly spoken in Southwest China and Myanmar.] +** Sinitic [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in China.] +*** Gan-Chinese [A Sinitic language mainly spoken in Jiangxi province , and parts of Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, and Fujian.] +*** Mandarin-Chinese [A group of Chinese language dialects that are natively spoken in most of northern and southwestern China] +**** Standard-Chinese [A modern standard form of Mandarin Chinese which is the official Language of mainland China.] +*** Wu-Chinese [A Sinitic language mainly spoken in Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, and the part of Jiangsu Province south of the Yangtze River] +*** Xiang-Chinese [A Sinitic language mainly spoken in Hunan province, northern Guangxi and parts of Guizhou, Guangdong, Sichuan, Jiangxi and Hubei provinces] +*** Yue-Chinese [A group of Sinitic languages mainly spoken Southern China] +**** Cantonese [A Sinitic Language mainly spoken southeastern China, Hong Kong and Macau.] +* Tai-Kadai [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in Southeast Asia, Southern China, and Northeastern India.] +** Thai [A Tai Kadai language mainly spoken in Central Thailand.] +* Turkic [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages spoken in parts of Eurasia such as Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia and West Asia.] +** Turkish [A Turkish language mainly spoken in Turkey and Northern Cyprus.] +* Uralic [A system of communication belonging to the family of languages mainly spoken in part of Europe and North Asia.] +** Estonian [An Uralic Language mainly spoken in Estonia.] +** Finnish [An Uralic language mainly spoken in Finland.] +** Hungarian [An Uralic Language mainly spoken in Hungary.] '''Bigram''' {rooted=Language-item} [A pair of two consecutive written units such as letters, syllables, or words.] @@ -105,185 +105,185 @@ The HED Language schema is a Hierarchical Event Descriptors Library Schema Langu '''Morpheme''' {rooted=Language-item, suggestedTag=Morpheme-property} [A meaningful unit of a language that cannot be further divided.] '''Phone''' {rooted=Language-item, relatedTag=Phoneme} [A minimal speech segment that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties.] -* Consonant {} [A basic speech sound which is produced with an obstructed vocal tract and which can be combined with a vowel to form a syllable, or which can form itself or together with another consonant a syllable.] -* Vowel {} [A speech sound which is produced with a relatively open vocal tract and vibration of the vocal cords.] -** Diphthong {} [A sound formed by the combination of two vowels.] -** Long-vowel {} [A vowel sound that is pronounced in a long form.] -** Short-vowel {} [A vowel sound that is pronounced in a short form.] +* Consonant [A basic speech sound which is produced with an obstructed vocal tract and which can be combined with a vowel to form a syllable, or which can form itself or together with another consonant a syllable.] +* Vowel [A speech sound which is produced with a relatively open vocal tract and vibration of the vocal cords.] +** Diphthong [A sound formed by the combination of two vowels.] +** Long-vowel [A vowel sound that is pronounced in a long form.] +** Short-vowel [A vowel sound that is pronounced in a short form.] '''Radical''' {rooted=Language-item} [A graphical component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary.] -'''Morpheme-function''' {} [The function of a morpheme.] - -'''Morphological-polysynthetic-type''' {} [Can encode multiple constituents such as subject, verb, object, etc. into a single word.] - -'''Morphological-position''' {} [The position a morpheme takes relative to the free morpheme of a word.] -* Affix {} [A morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form.] -* Prefix {} [Position of a morpheme at the beginning of a word.] -* Suffix {} [Position of a morpheme at the end of a word.] -* Infix {} [Position of a morpheme in the middle of a word.] -* Circumfix {} [Position of a morpheme split in two parts, one placed at the start of a word, the other at the end.] -* Non-concatenative-morphology {} [Process of word formation and inflection in which the stem may be modified (without stringing morphemes together sequentially).] -** Apophony {} [Regular vowel variation.] -** Conversion {} [No change (where a morphological change might be expected based on regular grammar).] -** Transfixation {} [Interdigitation of vowel and consonant morphemes.] -** Reduplication {} [Duplication of all or part of the root word.] -** Truncation {} [Removal of phonological material from root.] -** Clitic-morphological-position {} [A morpheme that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but which is phonologically dependent on another word.] - -'''Pronoun''' {} [A word or a group of words that may stand for a noun or noun phrase.] -* Personal-pronoun {} [Pronoun associated with a grammatical person.] -* Possesive-pronoun {} [Pronoun referring to the possession of a grammatical person.] -* Relative-pronoun {} [Pronoun that marks a relative clause.] -* Demonstrative-pronoun {} [Pronoun used to indicate which entities are being referred to and to distinguish those entities from others.] -* Reflexive-pronoun {} [Pronoun that refers to another noun or pronoun within the same sentence.] -* Indefinite-pronoun {} [Pronoun lacking a specific referent or having generic meaning.] -* Interrogative-pronoun {} [Pronoun which prompts a question.] +'''Morpheme-function''' [The function of a morpheme.] + +'''Morphological-polysynthetic-type''' [Can encode multiple constituents such as subject, verb, object, etc. into a single word.] + +'''Morphological-position''' [The position a morpheme takes relative to the free morpheme of a word.] +* Affix [A morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form.] +* Prefix [Position of a morpheme at the beginning of a word.] +* Suffix [Position of a morpheme at the end of a word.] +* Infix [Position of a morpheme in the middle of a word.] +* Circumfix [Position of a morpheme split in two parts, one placed at the start of a word, the other at the end.] +* Non-concatenative-morphology [Process of word formation and inflection in which the stem may be modified (without stringing morphemes together sequentially).] +** Apophony [Regular vowel variation.] +** Conversion [No change (where a morphological change might be expected based on regular grammar).] +** Transfixation [Interdigitation of vowel and consonant morphemes.] +** Reduplication [Duplication of all or part of the root word.] +** Truncation [Removal of phonological material from root.] +** Clitic-morphological-position [A morpheme that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but which is phonologically dependent on another word.] + +'''Pronoun''' [A word or a group of words that may stand for a noun or noun phrase.] +* Personal-pronoun [Pronoun associated with a grammatical person.] +* Possesive-pronoun [Pronoun referring to the possession of a grammatical person.] +* Relative-pronoun [Pronoun that marks a relative clause.] +* Demonstrative-pronoun [Pronoun used to indicate which entities are being referred to and to distinguish those entities from others.] +* Reflexive-pronoun [Pronoun that refers to another noun or pronoun within the same sentence.] +* Indefinite-pronoun [Pronoun lacking a specific referent or having generic meaning.] +* Interrogative-pronoun [Pronoun which prompts a question.] '''Language-item-property''' {rooted=Property, requireChild=True} [A property of a linguistic unit within a framework of language analysis.] -* Clause-type {} [The type of a clause] -** Dependent-clause {} [Containing a subject and verb and cannot be a sentence on its own.] -** Independent-clause {} [Containing a subject and verb but can be a sentence on its own.] -* Grammatical-category {} [Grammatical category of a word, usually marked through inflection.] -** Aspect {} [Non-deictic category of verbal morphology that describes the internal temporal contour of an event and presents it for instance as ongoing or completed.] -*** Imperfective-aspect {} [Presenting an ongoing or unfolding or repeated or habitual event.] -*** Perfective-aspect {} [Presenting a completed event.] -** Countability {} [A grammatical category that determines how the quantity of a concept is expressed.] -*** Countable {} [Syntactic property of nouns that can be modified by quantities (expressed by grammatical number, e.g. singular, plural)] -*** Uncountable {} [Syntactic property of nouns that makes their referents undifferentiated units.] -** Grammatical-number {} [Formal feature of several word classes (e.g., nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs) that expresses or marks count distinctions, such as one vs. two vs. three or more.] -*** Collective {} [Not representing a specific number.] -*** Dual {} [Representing exactly two instances of a concept.] -*** Paucal {} [Representing a few, or small number of instances of a concept.] -*** Plural {} [Representing multiple instances of a concept.] -*** Singular {} [Representing one instance of a concept.] -*** Singulative {} [Representing one instance of a concept through modifying the standard collective.] -*** Trial {} [Representing exactly three instances of a concept.] -** Mood {} [Non-deictic category of verbal morphology that expresses speakers attitudes as regards the possibility, probability/likelihood, desirability, necessity, factuality etc. of the event.] -*** Conditional {} [Used for speaking of an event whose realization is dependent upon another condition.] -*** Imperative {} [Expresses direct commands, prohibitions, and requests.] -*** Progressive {} -*** Subjunctive {} [Used in dependent clauses to discussing imaginary or hypothetical events and situations, expressing opinions or emotions, or making polite requests, among other uses.] -** Noun-class {} [Formal category of nouns based on characteristic features of their referents, such as gender, animacy, shape, location or directionality.] -*** Case {} [Formal feature of several word classes (e.g., nouns, pronouns, adjectives, determiners) that identifies their syntactic function.] -**** Ablative {} [Used to express motion away from something, among other uses.] -**** Accusative {} [Used to indicate the direct object of a transitive verb.] -**** Dative {} [Used to indicate the recipient or beneficiary of an action.] -**** Genitive {} [Used to indicate attributive relations between nouns among other uses.] -**** Nominative {} [Generally marks the subject of a verb, or a predicate nominal or adjective, as opposed to its object, or other verb arguments.] -** Tense {} [Deictic category of verbal morphology that situates an event (on an imaginary timeline) as either anterior, posterior or simultaneous to a reference point, prototypically time of speech] -*** Future-tense {} [Referring to an event posterior to time of speech.] -**** Future-perfect {} [Referring to a future event relative to another reference point (not the time of speech).] -**** Near-future-tense {} [Referring to an event shortly after time of speech.] -**** Remote-future-tense {} [Referring to an event in the remote future.] -*** Non-future-tense {} [Referring to both a past or present event.] -*** Non-past-tense {} [Referring to both a present or future event.] -*** Past-tense {} [Referring to an event anterior to time of speech.] -**** Pluperfect {} [Referring to a past event relative to another reference point (not the time of speech)] -**** Recent-past-tense {} [Referring to an event in the recent past.] -**** Remote-past-tense {} [Referring to an event in the distant past.] -*** Present-tense {} [Referring to an event that takes place at time of speech.] -* Language-item-form {} [The form of a language unit.] +* Clause-type [The type of a clause] +** Dependent-clause [Containing a subject and verb and cannot be a sentence on its own.] +** Independent-clause [Containing a subject and verb but can be a sentence on its own.] +* Grammatical-category [Grammatical category of a word, usually marked through inflection.] +** Aspect [Non-deictic category of verbal morphology that describes the internal temporal contour of an event and presents it for instance as ongoing or completed.] +*** Imperfective-aspect [Presenting an ongoing or unfolding or repeated or habitual event.] +*** Perfective-aspect [Presenting a completed event.] +** Countability [A grammatical category that determines how the quantity of a concept is expressed.] +*** Countable [Syntactic property of nouns that can be modified by quantities (expressed by grammatical number, e.g. singular, plural)] +*** Uncountable [Syntactic property of nouns that makes their referents undifferentiated units.] +** Grammatical-number [Formal feature of several word classes (e.g., nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs) that expresses or marks count distinctions, such as one vs. two vs. three or more.] +*** Collective [Not representing a specific number.] +*** Dual [Representing exactly two instances of a concept.] +*** Paucal [Representing a few, or small number of instances of a concept.] +*** Plural [Representing multiple instances of a concept.] +*** Singular [Representing one instance of a concept.] +*** Singulative [Representing one instance of a concept through modifying the standard collective.] +*** Trial [Representing exactly three instances of a concept.] +** Mood [Non-deictic category of verbal morphology that expresses speakers attitudes as regards the possibility, probability/likelihood, desirability, necessity, factuality etc. of the event.] +*** Conditional [Used for speaking of an event whose realization is dependent upon another condition.] +*** Imperative [Expresses direct commands, prohibitions, and requests.] +*** Progressive +*** Subjunctive [Used in dependent clauses to discussing imaginary or hypothetical events and situations, expressing opinions or emotions, or making polite requests, among other uses.] +** Noun-class [Formal category of nouns based on characteristic features of their referents, such as gender, animacy, shape, location or directionality.] +*** Case [Formal feature of several word classes (e.g., nouns, pronouns, adjectives, determiners) that identifies their syntactic function.] +**** Ablative [Used to express motion away from something, among other uses.] +**** Accusative [Used to indicate the direct object of a transitive verb.] +**** Dative [Used to indicate the recipient or beneficiary of an action.] +**** Genitive [Used to indicate attributive relations between nouns among other uses.] +**** Nominative [Generally marks the subject of a verb, or a predicate nominal or adjective, as opposed to its object, or other verb arguments.] +** Tense [Deictic category of verbal morphology that situates an event (on an imaginary timeline) as either anterior, posterior or simultaneous to a reference point, prototypically time of speech] +*** Future-tense [Referring to an event posterior to time of speech.] +**** Future-perfect [Referring to a future event relative to another reference point (not the time of speech).] +**** Near-future-tense [Referring to an event shortly after time of speech.] +**** Remote-future-tense [Referring to an event in the remote future.] +*** Non-future-tense [Referring to both a past or present event.] +*** Non-past-tense [Referring to both a present or future event.] +*** Past-tense [Referring to an event anterior to time of speech.] +**** Pluperfect [Referring to a past event relative to another reference point (not the time of speech)] +**** Recent-past-tense [Referring to an event in the recent past.] +**** Remote-past-tense [Referring to an event in the distant past.] +*** Present-tense [Referring to an event that takes place at time of speech.] +* Language-item-form [The form of a language unit.] ** Spoken-form {relatedTag=Canonical-spoken-form} [The expression of a language item as a sound produced by a human or artificially made to sound as if produced by a human.] -*** Canonical-spoken-form {} [The regular spoken form of a language item.] -*** Mispronounced-spoken-form {} [A mispronunciation of a language item which can still be identified.] -*** Regional-spoken-form {} [A spoken form of a language item pronounced with a regional accent.] +*** Canonical-spoken-form [The regular spoken form of a language item.] +*** Mispronounced-spoken-form [A mispronunciation of a language item which can still be identified.] +*** Regional-spoken-form [A spoken form of a language item pronounced with a regional accent.] ** Written-form {relatedTag=Canonical-written-form} [The expression of a language unit through a system of writing.] -*** Canonical-written-form {} [The accepted spelling of a word in a given language.] -*** Incorrect-written-form {} [An incorrect written form that does not correspond to the canonical or the pronounced form of a word, but from which the word can still be identified as such.] -*** Pseudohomophone-form {} [A deliberate generated written-form of a word that is not in accordance with an orthographic system but is pronounced as the word based on direct grapheme to phoneme conversion.] -* Language-item-frequency {} [The frequency with which a unit occurs in a language, or a particular context for that language e.g. formal, news articles, children's television, etc.] -** Bigram-frequency {} [The frequency with which a bigram occurs in a language, or a particular context for that language e.g. formal, news articles, children's television, etc.] -** Word-frequency {} [The frequency with which a word occurs in a language, or a particular context for that language e.g. formal, news articles, children's television, etc.] -* Language-unit-probability {} [The probability of a specific language unit occurring in a specific context.] -** Cloze-probability {} [The proportion of people who fill a gap in given sentence with a given word.] -* Lexical-role {} [The role a language item takes in a vocabulary, like part of speech.] -** Adjective {} [A word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase.] -** Adposition {} [Accompanying an noun to express a spatial or temporal relation.] -*** Circumposition {} [Appearing before and after a noun or noun phrase expressing spatial or temporal relation to another word or element in the clause.] -*** Postposition {} [Appearing after a noun or noun phrase expressing a spatial or temporal relation to another word or element in the clause.] -*** Preposition {} [Preceding a noun or noun phrase expressing a spatial or temporal relation to another word or element in the clause.] -** Adverb {} [Modifying or qualifying an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc.] -** Classifier {} [An item that accompanies nouns and can be considered to classify a noun depending on the type of its referent.] -** Conjunction {} [Connecting clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause.] -*** Complementizer {} [Marks a finite or non- finite clause as functioning as a complement] -*** Coordinating-conjunction {} [Coordinates elements that are equal to each other.] -*** Negation-word {} [Expressing falsity of a clause or sentence] -** Determiner {} [Determining the kind of reference a noun or noun group has.] -*** Article {} [A class of dedicated words that are used with noun phrases to mark the identifiability of the referents of the noun phrases.] -*** Possesive-determiner {} [Determining the ownership of a noun or noun phrase.] -** Interjection {} [A word or expression that occurs as an utterance on its own and expresses a spontaneous feeling or reaction.] -** Noun {} [Referring to a specific object or set of objects (living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, ideas etc.] -** Numeral {} [Expressing a number or relation to a number.] -** Particle {} [Must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning.] -** Quantifier {} [Expressing a reference definite or indefinite number or amount.] +*** Canonical-written-form [The accepted spelling of a word in a given language.] +*** Incorrect-written-form [An incorrect written form that does not correspond to the canonical or the pronounced form of a word, but from which the word can still be identified as such.] +*** Pseudohomophone-form [A deliberate generated written-form of a word that is not in accordance with an orthographic system but is pronounced as the word based on direct grapheme to phoneme conversion.] +* Language-item-frequency [The frequency with which a unit occurs in a language, or a particular context for that language e.g. formal, news articles, children's television, etc.] +** Bigram-frequency [The frequency with which a bigram occurs in a language, or a particular context for that language e.g. formal, news articles, children's television, etc.] +** Word-frequency [The frequency with which a word occurs in a language, or a particular context for that language e.g. formal, news articles, children's television, etc.] +* Language-unit-probability [The probability of a specific language unit occurring in a specific context.] +** Cloze-probability [The proportion of people who fill a gap in given sentence with a given word.] +* Lexical-role [The role a language item takes in a vocabulary, like part of speech.] +** Adjective [A word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase.] +** Adposition [Accompanying an noun to express a spatial or temporal relation.] +*** Circumposition [Appearing before and after a noun or noun phrase expressing spatial or temporal relation to another word or element in the clause.] +*** Postposition [Appearing after a noun or noun phrase expressing a spatial or temporal relation to another word or element in the clause.] +*** Preposition [Preceding a noun or noun phrase expressing a spatial or temporal relation to another word or element in the clause.] +** Adverb [Modifying or qualifying an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc.] +** Classifier [An item that accompanies nouns and can be considered to classify a noun depending on the type of its referent.] +** Conjunction [Connecting clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause.] +*** Complementizer [Marks a finite or non- finite clause as functioning as a complement] +*** Coordinating-conjunction [Coordinates elements that are equal to each other.] +*** Negation-word [Expressing falsity of a clause or sentence] +** Determiner [Determining the kind of reference a noun or noun group has.] +*** Article [A class of dedicated words that are used with noun phrases to mark the identifiability of the referents of the noun phrases.] +*** Possesive-determiner [Determining the ownership of a noun or noun phrase.] +** Interjection [A word or expression that occurs as an utterance on its own and expresses a spontaneous feeling or reaction.] +** Noun [Referring to a specific object or set of objects (living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, ideas etc.] +** Numeral [Expressing a number or relation to a number.] +** Particle [Must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning.] +** Quantifier [Expressing a reference definite or indefinite number or amount.] ** Verb {suggestedTag=Tense, suggestedTag=Mood, suggestedTag=Aspect} [Generally conveying an action, occurrence, or state of being and makes up the main part of the predicate of a sentence.] -*** Auxiliary-verb {} [A verb devoid of lexical content that combines with another verb to realize certain grammatical functions (e.g. expression of tense, passive voice, negation, interrogation).] -**** Modal-verb {} [An auxiliary verb that combines with another verb and expresses necessity, wish or possibility.] -*** Intransative-verb {} [A verb that does not require an object.] -*** Psychological-verb {} [A verb that takes two arguments, an experiencer and a theme.] +*** Auxiliary-verb [A verb devoid of lexical content that combines with another verb to realize certain grammatical functions (e.g. expression of tense, passive voice, negation, interrogation).] +**** Modal-verb [An auxiliary verb that combines with another verb and expresses necessity, wish or possibility.] +*** Intransative-verb [A verb that does not require an object.] +*** Psychological-verb [A verb that takes two arguments, an experiencer and a theme.] *** Transitive-verb {suggestedTag=Object} [A verb that requires one or more objects to receive the action.] -*** Unaccusative-verb {} [An intransitive verb whose subject is a theme (i.e. affected by the process the verb expresses).] -*** Unergative-verb {} [An intransitive verb whose subject is an agent.] -* Morpheme-property {} [A property of a morpheme.] -* Orthographic-neighborhood-size {} [The number of closely resembling word-forms.] -* Phrase-role {} [The role of phrase.] -** Adjective-phrase {} [Headed by an adjective.] -** Adpostional-phrase {} [Consisting of an adposition and its complement.] -*** Postpositional-phrase {} [Consisting of a postposition and its complement.] -*** Prepositional-phrase {} [Consisting of a preposition and its complement.] -** Adverb-phrase {} [Functioning as an adverb in a sentence.] -** Noun-phrase {} [Functioning in a sentence as subject, object, or prepositional object.] -** Verb-phrase {} [Containing the verb and any direct or indirect object, but not the subject.] -* Syntactic-role {} [Role a language-item takes in syntax.] -** Complement {} [The constituent selected by a head.] -*** Syntactic-object {} [Complement of a verbal head.] -** Modifier {} [Optional element in a phrase or a clause that specifies a noun or acts as an adjunct] -*** Adjunct {} [Optional element in a clause or sentence that provides information about the temporal, local (etc.) circumstances under which an event occurred.] -** Predicate {} [Basic constituent of a clause that expresses a property or condition of the subject or an action performed by it.] -*** Secondary-predicate {} [Adjectival or prepositional predicate that is not the main (verbal) predicate of the clause and refers to the subject or the object, as either depictive (indicating a state) or resultative (indicating the event's result on the object)] -** Subject {} [Basic constituent of a clause about which something is said; typically, but not necessarily, associated with a specific case (most often nominative).] -** Syntactic-Head {} [Word that determines the syntactic category of a phrase.] +*** Unaccusative-verb [An intransitive verb whose subject is a theme (i.e. affected by the process the verb expresses).] +*** Unergative-verb [An intransitive verb whose subject is an agent.] +* Morpheme-property [A property of a morpheme.] +* Orthographic-neighborhood-size [The number of closely resembling word-forms.] +* Phrase-role [The role of phrase.] +** Adjective-phrase [Headed by an adjective.] +** Adpostional-phrase [Consisting of an adposition and its complement.] +*** Postpositional-phrase [Consisting of a postposition and its complement.] +*** Prepositional-phrase [Consisting of a preposition and its complement.] +** Adverb-phrase [Functioning as an adverb in a sentence.] +** Noun-phrase [Functioning in a sentence as subject, object, or prepositional object.] +** Verb-phrase [Containing the verb and any direct or indirect object, but not the subject.] +* Syntactic-role [Role a language-item takes in syntax.] +** Complement [The constituent selected by a head.] +*** Syntactic-object [Complement of a verbal head.] +** Modifier [Optional element in a phrase or a clause that specifies a noun or acts as an adjunct] +*** Adjunct [Optional element in a clause or sentence that provides information about the temporal, local (etc.) circumstances under which an event occurred.] +** Predicate [Basic constituent of a clause that expresses a property or condition of the subject or an action performed by it.] +*** Secondary-predicate [Adjectival or prepositional predicate that is not the main (verbal) predicate of the clause and refers to the subject or the object, as either depictive (indicating a state) or resultative (indicating the event's result on the object)] +** Subject [Basic constituent of a clause about which something is said; typically, but not necessarily, associated with a specific case (most often nominative).] +** Syntactic-Head [Word that determines the syntactic category of a phrase.] '''Language-property''' {rooted=Property} [A property relating to a system of communication used by a particular group of people.] -* Morphological-language-type {} [Morphological property relating to a specific system of communication used by a particular group of people.] -** Analytic-language-type {} [Rarely using affixes, resulting in a low morheme per word ratio.] -*** Morphological-isolating-type {} [Having a morpheme per word ratio close to one.] -** Morphological-synthetic-type {} [Having a higher morpheme per word ratio.] -*** Morphological-agglutinating-type {} [Words are formed by stringing together morphemes wherby each one corresponds to a single grammatical feature.] -*** Morphological-fusional-type {} [Have a tendency to use a single inflectional morpheme to denote multiple grammatical, syntactic, or semantic features.] -* Orthographic-type {} [The type of unit each symbol serves to represent in written language.] -** Logographic-type {} [Representing an entire spoken word per character.] -** Segmental-or-Alphabetic-type {} [Representing approcimately phoneme per character.] -*** Deep-orthographical-type {} [Not having a one-to-one correspondence between sounds (phonemes) and the letters (graphemes) that represent them.] -*** Shallow-orthographic-type {} [Having a one-to-one correspondence between sounds (phonemes) and the letters (graphemes) that represent them.] -** Syllabary-type {} [Representing one syllable per character.] +* Morphological-language-type [Morphological property relating to a specific system of communication used by a particular group of people.] +** Analytic-language-type [Rarely using affixes, resulting in a low morheme per word ratio.] +*** Morphological-isolating-type [Having a morpheme per word ratio close to one.] +** Morphological-synthetic-type [Having a higher morpheme per word ratio.] +*** Morphological-agglutinating-type [Words are formed by stringing together morphemes wherby each one corresponds to a single grammatical feature.] +*** Morphological-fusional-type [Have a tendency to use a single inflectional morpheme to denote multiple grammatical, syntactic, or semantic features.] +* Orthographic-type [The type of unit each symbol serves to represent in written language.] +** Logographic-type [Representing an entire spoken word per character.] +** Segmental-or-Alphabetic-type [Representing approcimately phoneme per character.] +*** Deep-orthographical-type [Not having a one-to-one correspondence between sounds (phonemes) and the letters (graphemes) that represent them.] +*** Shallow-orthographic-type [Having a one-to-one correspondence between sounds (phonemes) and the letters (graphemes) that represent them.] +** Syllabary-type [Representing one syllable per character.] '''Grammatical-relationship''' {rooted=Relation} [Grammatical relationship between language items.] -* Agreement-with {} [Inflectional adjustment to match grammatical category (e.g. case, number, gender) of.] +* Agreement-with [Inflectional adjustment to match grammatical category (e.g. case, number, gender) of.] '''Orthographic-relatedness-to''' {rooted=Relation} [Connected on the basis of writing or spelling] -* Orthographic-distance-to {} [Removed in writing from] -** Hamming-distance-to {} [The minimum number of substitutions required to change one string into another string of equal length.] +* Orthographic-distance-to [Removed in writing from] +** Hamming-distance-to [The minimum number of substitutions required to change one string into another string of equal length.] *** # {takesValue=true, valueClass=numericClass} [Integers 0 and up] -** Levenshtein-distance-to {} [The minimum number of single-character edits to change into.] +** Levenshtein-distance-to [The minimum number of single-character edits to change into.] *** # {takesValue=true, valueClass=numericClass} [Integers 0 and up] '''Phonological-relatedness-to''' {rooted=Relation} [Connected on the basis of sound] -* Phonological-distance-to {} [Removed in sounding from] -** Phonological-Levenshtein-distance-to {} [The minimum number of single-phoneme edits to change into] +* Phonological-distance-to [Removed in sounding from] +** Phonological-Levenshtein-distance-to [The minimum number of single-phoneme edits to change into] *** # {takesValue=true, valueClass=numericClass} [Intergers 0 and up] '''Semantic-relatedness-to''' {rooted=Relation} [Connected on the basis of meaning to] -* Antonymous-to {} [Meaning the opposite as] -* Semantic-distance-to {} [Removed in meaning from] -** Semantic-distance-to {} -* Synonymous-to {} [Meaning exactly or nearly the same as] +* Antonymous-to [Meaning the opposite as] +* Semantic-distance-to [Removed in meaning from] +** # +* Synonymous-to [Meaning exactly or nearly the same as] -'''Word-formation-function''' {} [Creating a new word.] -* Derivation {} [Changing the meaning of a word, usually by adding an affix.] +'''Word-formation-function''' [Creating a new word.] +* Derivation [Changing the meaning of a word, usually by adding an affix.] ** Change-word-class {suggestedTag=Lexical-role} [Changing the word class or part of speech a word belongs to.] -* Compound {} [To join with another free morpheme to form a more complex word.] +* Compound [To join with another free morpheme to form a more complex word.] !# end schema diff --git a/library_schemas/lang/prerelease/HED_lang_1.0.0.xml b/library_schemas/lang/prerelease/HED_lang_1.0.0.xml index 37d875d..a03a668 100644 --- a/library_schemas/lang/prerelease/HED_lang_1.0.0.xml +++ b/library_schemas/lang/prerelease/HED_lang_1.0.0.xml @@ -13060,7 +13060,7 @@ lang - Semantic-distance-to + # inLibrary lang diff --git a/library_schemas/lang/prerelease/hedtsv/HED_lang_1.0.0/HED_lang_1.0.0_Tag.tsv b/library_schemas/lang/prerelease/hedtsv/HED_lang_1.0.0/HED_lang_1.0.0_Tag.tsv index f06f7ad..ff115be 100644 --- a/library_schemas/lang/prerelease/hedtsv/HED_lang_1.0.0/HED_lang_1.0.0_Tag.tsv +++ b/library_schemas/lang/prerelease/hedtsv/HED_lang_1.0.0/HED_lang_1.0.0_Tag.tsv @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ hedId rdfs:label Level omn:SubClassOf Attributes dc:description omn:EquivalentTo Semantic-relatedness-to 0 Relation rooted=Relation Connected on the basis of meaning to Antonymous-to 1 Semantic-relatedness-to Meaning the opposite as Semantic-distance-to 1 Semantic-relatedness-to Removed in meaning from - Semantic-distance-to 2 Semantic-distance-to + Semantic-distance-to-# 2 Semantic-distance-to Synonymous-to 1 Semantic-relatedness-to Meaning exactly or nearly the same as Word-formation-function 0 HedTag Creating a new word. HedTag and (inHedSchema some LangSchema) Original Derivation 1 Word-formation-function Changing the meaning of a word, usually by adding an affix. Derivation changes the meaning of a word, for instance, reverses the meaning, or changes intensity. We do not cover all the semantic types of changes that can be the result of morphological changes, but instead give a higher level categorization. Further specification might depend on a more semantic schema.