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How-to-use-mysql-as-the-backend-of-django.html
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<h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">在django中使用MySQL作为数据库backend（Ubuntu系统）</h2>
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介绍了如何安装MySQL，并将Django中默认的SQLite数据库替换为MySQL。另外，settings.py中一些参数的设置也有所记录。
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<h4 id="关于mysql"><a href="#关于mysql" class="headerlink" title="关于mysql"></a>关于mysql</h4><blockquote>
<p>MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统，由瑞典MySQL AB 公司开发，目前属于 Oracle 旗下产品。MySQL 是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统之一，在 WEB 应用方面，MySQL是最好的 RDBMS (Relational Database Management System，关系数据库管理系统) 应用软件。</p>
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<p>另外，博主后续也会继续学习MySQL的知识，所以现在就先以MySQL为数据库来使用吧！</p>
<h4 id="1-安装MySQL（基于Ubuntu）"><a href="#1-安装MySQL（基于Ubuntu）" class="headerlink" title="1. 安装MySQL（基于Ubuntu）"></a>1. 安装MySQL（基于Ubuntu）</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>试运行MySQL：<br><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash">这之后要输入在安装时设置的密码</span></span><br><span class="line">mysql -u root -p</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><img src="https://heyblack-techblog.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/f6e1f7b11c0235c8.png" alt="mysql操作示意图"></p>
<h4 id="2-创建一个新数据库及新用户"><a href="#2-创建一个新数据库及新用户" class="headerlink" title="2. 创建一个新数据库及新用户"></a>2. 创建一个新数据库及新用户</h4><p>数据库名为<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">```shell</span><br><span class="line">CREATE DATABASE database_name CHARACTER SET utf8;</span><br><span class="line">CREATE USER 'user_name'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'user_password';</span><br><span class="line">GRANT ALL ON database_name.* TO 'user_name'@'localhost';</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash">查看所有用户</span></span><br><span class="line">SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT('User: ''',user,'''@''',host,''';') AS query FROM mysql.user;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash">查看所有库</span></span><br><span class="line">SHOW DATABASES;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>当然你也可以如下删库、删户，<del>然后跑路</del> 。<br><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">DROP USER 'user_name'@'localhost';</span><br><span class="line">DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS database_name;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h4 id="3-安装MySQL-python"><a href="#3-安装MySQL-python" class="headerlink" title="3. 安装MySQL-python"></a>3. 安装MySQL-python</h4><p>MySQL-python是<strong>python</strong>中一个用来链接和管理<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">```shell</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get install python3-dev</span><br><span class="line">pip install mysqlclient</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>验证是否安装成功，在<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">```python</span><br><span class="line">>>> import MySQLdb</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">>>> db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost", "user_name", "user_password", "database_name")</span><br><span class="line">>>> cursor = db.cursor()</span><br><span class="line">>>> cursor.execute("SELECT VERSION()")</span><br><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">>>> print(data)</span><br><span class="line">('5.7.23-0ubuntu0.16.04.1',)</span><br><span class="line">>>> db.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>如果有出现类似上述响应，则说明安装成功 ，接下来便来到最后一步。</p>
<h4 id="4-配置django的settings-py"><a href="#4-配置django的settings-py" class="headerlink" title="4. 配置django的settings.py"></a>4. 配置django的settings.py</h4><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">DATABASES = {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'default'</span>: {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'ENGINE'</span>: <span class="string">'django.db.backends.mysql'</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'NAME'</span>: <span class="string">'database_name'</span>, <span class="comment"># 数据库名</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'USER'</span>: <span class="string">'user_name'</span>, <span class="comment"># 数据库账户名</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'PASSWORD'</span>: os.environ[<span class="string">'MY_DB_PASS'</span>], <span class="comment"># 即user_password，数据库密码。</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 为安全起见，应从系统环境变量中获取。os.environ['MY_DB_PASS']</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'HOST'</span>: <span class="string">'127.0.0.1'</span>, <span class="comment"># 数据库服务器IP</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'PORT'</span>: <span class="string">'3306'</span>, <span class="comment"># 端口</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>接下来运行<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">python manage.py makemigrations <span class="comment"># 生成迁移文件，有点prompt的感觉，可以在最终操作前check一下</span></span><br><span class="line">python manage.py migrate <span class="comment">#执行迁移</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>至此，<code>mysql</code>数据库的配置就完成啦。<br>你可以再次查看数据库，此时数据库不为空，因为<code>django</code>已经生成了一些<code>tables</code>在里边了。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Tip<br>可以通过<code>describe table_name</code>查看一个表的结构。</p>
</blockquote>
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