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+[ THIS DOCUMENT NEEDS REVIEW ]
+Building Packages in a Chroot
+To distribute binary packages for a variety of platforms of varying
+versions, it's common to use a chroot to build in. This is to make
+sure that a the package binary is linked against the right libraries,
+which is required so the user doesn't have to build anything from
+source. Unlike Docker or Virtualbox, a chroot uses the base running
+kernel on host machine, but provides a different set of runtime
+libraries and tools.
+Creating a Chroot
+All platforms that use the .deb packaging format, like Debian and
+Ubuntu, can use the debbootstrap program to create the
+chroot. Debootstrap lets you pick the architect to support,
+--arch amd64 builds files for the X86_64 platform. after that the
+version of the distribution is specified, followed by the directory to
+install the files in, and finally the URL to download packages
+from. Once done, change to the installation directory, and type sudo
+chroot .. You'll now be in a minimal runtime environment. The first
+thing I do is create a /etc/debian_chroot file containing the name
+of the distribution. This puts the this value into the command prompt
+for the shell, which is very useful when you have multiple chroots.
+As the chroot program requires one to be root, a utility program
+called schroot can be used to fake root. Once the initial chroot is
+created, change to the directory containing the downloaded files, and
+type these shell commands. Some of the programs used to build packages
+need these, which aren't present in the chroot, as they have to be
+shared from the host platform.
+mount -t proc proc /proc
+mount --rbind /sys sys/
+mount --rbind /dev dev/
+
Once that initial setup is done, it's time to download more
+packages. The default config file for a chroot is limited to just the
+main repository. Not all of the packages Underpass depends on are in
+main, so add universe to get the rest, and then apt-get
+update. Your /etc/apt/sources.list file should now look like this:
+deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal main universe
+
Finally edit ~/.bashrc and add these three lines at the bottom. One
+specifies the path to a file pkg-config needs, but isn't always
+distributed, so it's included. The other is for locale, so it stops
+clutterin the terminal with warnings.
+export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/rob/underpass/m4
+export LANG=C
+export GPG_TTY="$(tty)"
+
To create signed packages, you need a GPG key pair setup, so might
+as well do that now. Type gpg --full-generate-key, and answer the
+questions. This will only work if you've execute the mount commands as
+documented above.
+For Debian
+sudo /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch amd64 bullseye bullseye/ http://deb.debian.org/debian/
+
Start by installing packages needed to build Underpass.
+sudo apt-get -y install \
+ git gcc g++ pkg-config make debhelper debconf chrpath ccache devscripts gpg \
+ libgdal-dev libosmium2-dev libpq-dev libgumbo-dev \
+ libssl-dev libpq5-dev libxml++2.6-dev libboost-all-dev
+
Ubuntu Focal (20.04 LTS)
+sudo /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch amd64 focal focal/ http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
+
Start by installing packages needed to build Underpass.
+sudo apt-get -y install \
+ git make gcc g++ pkg-config gpg debhelper debconf devscripts python3-all \
+ libgdal-dev libpq-dev libgumbo-dev openmpi-bin \
+ libxml++2.6-dev ccache libssl-dev libzip-dev libbz2-dev \
+ libboost-all-dev libosmium2-dev osmium-tool \
+ doxygen librange-v3-dev libtool-bin libltdl-dev
+
Ubuntu Groovy (20.10)
+sudo /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch amd64 groovy groovy/ http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
+
Install dependencies as above. Note that the version of boost is 1.74
+Ubuntu Hirsute (21.04)
+sudo /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch amd64 hirsute hirsute/ http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
+
Install dependencies as above. Note that the version of boost is 1.74
+Building Libpqxx Packages
+The version of libpqxx (6.x) that's included in current (Aug 2021)
+distribution like Debian Bullseye or Unbuntu Hirsute (21.04) has a bug triggered
+by libxml++. Since Underpass uses libxml++ and libpqxx, we have to
+build a package of a newer version (7.x). I added Debian packaging
+files to a git repository to make this easier, Get that fork here:
+git clone https://github.com/robsavoye/libpqxx.git
+
Once I do that, I run git tag, and the checkout the latest official
+release branch. There's a configure bug in the libpqxx sources I
+haven't gotten around to fixing yet, so I edit configure.ac, and
+comment out this one line like so:
+dnl AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX_17([noext])
+
Then run ./autogen.sh, which produces the scripts used for
+configuring. Now that you have the configure script, configure
+libpqxx like this:
+./configure CXX="ccache g++" CXXFLAGS="-std=c++17 -g -O2" --disable-dependency-tracking
+
After that, change to the debian directory, and type make deb -i
+-k. That'll build the deb packages, and at the end, have you GPG sign
+them. Once built, install the two packages, and you're all set to go
+build Underpass.
+Building Underpass Packages
+The Underpass git repository is at:
+https://github.com/hotosm/underpass.git
+Once downloaded, change to the source directory and run
+./autogen.sh. Once the configure files have been built, configure
+Underpass like this:
+./configure CXX="ccache g++" CXXFLAGS="-std=c++17 -g -O2" --disable-dependency-tracking
+
and then typing make deb -i -k builds the packages, and has you sign them.
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