diff --git a/benchmarks/mosaic/BUILD b/benchmarks/mosaic/BUILD
index 727e347e5a64..39c7aa5f3395 100644
--- a/benchmarks/mosaic/BUILD
+++ b/benchmarks/mosaic/BUILD
@@ -28,25 +28,11 @@ package(
 
 jax_generate_backend_suites()
 
-DISABLED_BACKENDS = [
-    "cpu",
-    "tpu",
-]
-
-DISABLED_CONFIGS = [
-    "gpu_v100",
-    "gpu_a100",
-    "gpu_p100",
-    "gpu_p100_x32",
-    "gpu_x32",
-    "gpu_pjrt_c_api",
-]
-
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "matmul_bench",
     srcs = ["matmul_bench.py"],
-    disable_backends = DISABLED_BACKENDS,
-    disable_configs = DISABLED_CONFIGS,
+    enable_backends = [],
+    enable_configs = ["gpu_h100"],
     tags = ["notap"],
     deps = [
         "//jax:mosaic_gpu",
diff --git a/docs/cuda_custom_call/BUILD b/docs/cuda_custom_call/BUILD
index 0089b6b9fb0d..4954ce3db4fa 100644
--- a/docs/cuda_custom_call/BUILD
+++ b/docs/cuda_custom_call/BUILD
@@ -32,10 +32,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "cuda_custom_call_test",
     srcs = ["cuda_custom_call_test.py"],
     data = [":foo"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "tpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["gpu"],
     tags = ["notap"],
     deps = [
         "//jax:extend",
diff --git a/jax/experimental/mosaic/gpu/examples/BUILD b/jax/experimental/mosaic/gpu/examples/BUILD
index 57f78cb2c5c8..fe1a7e9180ac 100644
--- a/jax/experimental/mosaic/gpu/examples/BUILD
+++ b/jax/experimental/mosaic/gpu/examples/BUILD
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 load("@rules_python//python:defs.bzl", "py_library")
-load("//jaxlib:jax.bzl", "jax_py_test", "py_deps")
+load("//jaxlib:jax.bzl", "jax_multiplatform_test", "py_deps")
 
 licenses(["notice"])
 
@@ -48,18 +48,17 @@ py_library(
     ],
 )
 
-jax_py_test(
+jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "run_matmul",
     srcs = ["matmul.py"],
+    enable_backends = [],
+    enable_configs = ["gpu_h100"],
     main = "matmul.py",
     tags = [
         "manual",
         "notap",
-        "requires-gpu-sm90-only",
     ],
     deps = [
-        "//jax",
         "//jax:mosaic_gpu",
-        "//learning/brain/research/jax:gpu_support",
     ] + py_deps("numpy"),
 )
diff --git a/jaxlib/jax.bzl b/jaxlib/jax.bzl
index 65ec572c7ee2..ece917a4dd4e 100644
--- a/jaxlib/jax.bzl
+++ b/jaxlib/jax.bzl
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ def jax_multiplatform_test(
         shard_count = None,
         deps = [],
         data = [],
-        disable_backends = None,  # buildifier: disable=unused-variable
+        enable_backends = None,
         backend_variant_args = {},  # buildifier: disable=unused-variable
         backend_tags = {},  # buildifier: disable=unused-variable
         disable_configs = None,  # buildifier: disable=unused-variable
@@ -240,6 +240,13 @@ def jax_multiplatform_test(
         tags = [],
         main = None,
         pjrt_c_api_bypass = False):  # buildifier: disable=unused-variable
+    # enable_configs and disable_configs do not do anything in OSS, only in Google's CI.
+    # The order in which `enable_backends`, `enable_configs`, and `disable_configs` are applied is
+    # as follows:
+    # 1. `enable_backends` is applied first, enabling all test configs for the given backends..
+    # 2. `disable_configs` is applied second, disabling the named test configs.
+    # 3. `enable_configs` is applied last, enabling the named test configs.
+
     if main == None:
         if len(srcs) == 1:
             main = srcs[0]
@@ -256,7 +263,7 @@ def jax_multiplatform_test(
             "--jax_platform_name=" + backend,
         ]
         test_tags = list(tags) + ["jax_test_%s" % backend] + backend_tags.get(backend, [])
-        if disable_backends and backend in disable_backends:
+        if enable_backends != None and backend not in enable_backends:
             test_tags += ["manual"]
         if backend == "gpu":
             test_tags += tf_cuda_tests_tags()
diff --git a/tests/BUILD b/tests/BUILD
index c93f18dbb815..df9a28236e6a 100644
--- a/tests/BUILD
+++ b/tests/BUILD
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ jax_py_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "array_interoperability_test",
     srcs = ["array_interoperability_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = ["tpu"],
+    enable_backends = [
+        "cpu",
+        "gpu",
+    ],
     tags = ["multiaccelerator"],
     deps = py_deps("tensorflow_core"),
 )
@@ -160,10 +163,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "gpu_memory_flags_test_no_preallocation",
     srcs = ["gpu_memory_flags_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "tpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["gpu"],
     env = {
         "XLA_PYTHON_CLIENT_PREALLOCATE": "0",
     },
@@ -173,10 +173,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "gpu_memory_flags_test",
     srcs = ["gpu_memory_flags_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "tpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["gpu"],
     env = {
         "XLA_PYTHON_CLIENT_PREALLOCATE": "1",
     },
@@ -273,10 +270,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
     backend_tags = {
         "gpu": ["noasan"],  # Memory leaks in NCCL, see https://github.com/NVIDIA/nccl/pull/1143
     },
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "tpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["gpu"],
     env = {"XLA_FLAGS": "--xla_dump_to=sponge --xla_gpu_enable_latency_hiding_scheduler=true"},
     tags = [
         "config-cuda-only",
@@ -290,10 +284,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "mock_gpu_test",
     srcs = ["mock_gpu_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "tpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["gpu"],
     tags = [
         "config-cuda-only",
     ],
@@ -556,11 +547,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "lax_metal_test",
     srcs = ["lax_metal_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "gpu",
-        "tpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["metal"],
     tags = ["notap"],
     deps = [
         "//jax:internal_test_util",
@@ -649,10 +636,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "metadata_test",
     srcs = ["metadata_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "gpu",
-        "tpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["cpu"],
 )
 
 jax_py_test(
@@ -672,10 +656,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "multi_device_test",
     srcs = ["multi_device_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "gpu",
-        "tpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["cpu"],
 )
 
 jax_multiplatform_test(
@@ -734,10 +715,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "polynomial_test",
     srcs = ["polynomial_test.py"],
     # No implementation of nonsymmetric Eigendecomposition.
-    disable_backends = [
-        "gpu",
-        "tpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["cpu"],
     shard_count = {
         "cpu": 10,
     },
@@ -753,25 +731,18 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "heap_profiler_test",
     srcs = ["heap_profiler_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "gpu",
-        "tpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["cpu"],
 )
 
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "profiler_test",
     srcs = ["profiler_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "gpu",
-        "tpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["cpu"],
 )
 
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "pytorch_interoperability_test",
     srcs = ["pytorch_interoperability_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = ["tpu"],
     # The following cases are disabled because they time out in Google's CI, mostly because the
     # CUDA kernels in Torch take a very long time to compile.
     disable_configs = [
@@ -779,6 +750,10 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
         "gpu_a100",  # Pytorch A100 build times out in Google's CI.
         "gpu_h100",  # Pytorch H100 build times out in Google's CI.
     ],
+    enable_backends = [
+        "cpu",
+        "gpu",
+    ],
     tags = [
         "not_build:arm",
         # TODO(b/355237462): Re-enable once MSAN issue is addressed.
@@ -1019,16 +994,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "sparse_nm_test",
     srcs = ["sparse_nm_test.py"],
-    config_tags_overrides = {
-        "gpu_a100": {
-            "ondemand": False,  # Include in presubmit.
-        },
-    },
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "gpu",
-        "tpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = [],
     enable_configs = [
         "gpu_a100",
         "gpu_h100",
@@ -1386,13 +1352,10 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "experimental_rnn_test",
     srcs = ["experimental_rnn_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "tpu",
-        "cpu",
-    ],
     disable_configs = [
         "gpu_a100",  # Numerical precision problems.
     ],
+    enable_backends = ["gpu"],
     shard_count = 15,
     deps = [
         "//jax:rnn",
@@ -1505,10 +1468,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "fused_attention_stablehlo_test",
     srcs = ["fused_attention_stablehlo_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "tpu",
-        "cpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["gpu"],
     shard_count = {
         "gpu": 4,
     },
@@ -1542,10 +1502,7 @@ jax_py_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "cudnn_fusion_test",
     srcs = ["cudnn_fusion_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "tpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["gpu"],
     enable_configs = [
         "gpu_a100",
         "gpu_h100",
diff --git a/tests/mosaic/BUILD b/tests/mosaic/BUILD
index 4d33e228b906..3d1348371f07 100644
--- a/tests/mosaic/BUILD
+++ b/tests/mosaic/BUILD
@@ -28,31 +28,16 @@ package(
 
 jax_generate_backend_suites()
 
-DISABLED_BACKENDS = [
-    "cpu",
-    "tpu",
-]
-
-DISABLED_CONFIGS = [
-    "gpu_a100",
-    "gpu_a100_x32",
-    "gpu_p100",
-    "gpu_p100_x32",
-    "gpu_pjrt_c_api",
-    "gpu_v100",
-    "gpu_x32",
-]
-
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "gpu_test",
     srcs = ["gpu_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = DISABLED_BACKENDS,
-    disable_configs = DISABLED_CONFIGS,
+    enable_backends = [],
     enable_configs = [
         "gpu_h100",
         "gpu_h100_2gpu",
     ],
     shard_count = 4,
+    tags = ["multiaccelerator"],
     deps = [
         "//jax:mosaic_gpu",
     ] + py_deps("absl/testing") + py_deps("numpy"),
@@ -61,8 +46,8 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "matmul_test",
     srcs = ["matmul_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = DISABLED_BACKENDS,
-    disable_configs = DISABLED_CONFIGS,
+    enable_backends = [],
+    enable_configs = ["gpu_h100"],
     shard_count = 5,
     deps = [
         "//jax:mosaic_gpu",
@@ -73,8 +58,8 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "flash_attention",
     srcs = ["//jax/experimental/mosaic/gpu/examples:flash_attention.py"],
-    disable_backends = DISABLED_BACKENDS,
-    disable_configs = DISABLED_CONFIGS,
+    enable_backends = [],
+    enable_configs = ["gpu_h100"],
     main = "//jax/experimental/mosaic/gpu/examples:flash_attention.py",
     tags = ["notap"],
     deps = [
@@ -85,8 +70,8 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "flash_attention_test",
     srcs = ["flash_attention_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = DISABLED_BACKENDS,
-    disable_configs = DISABLED_CONFIGS,
+    enable_backends = [],
+    enable_configs = ["gpu_h100"],
     deps = [
         "//jax:mosaic_gpu",
         "//jax/experimental/mosaic/gpu/examples:flash_attention",
diff --git a/tests/pallas/BUILD b/tests/pallas/BUILD
index ba82b8c4223c..1bb0e889dd64 100644
--- a/tests/pallas/BUILD
+++ b/tests/pallas/BUILD
@@ -38,11 +38,9 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
             "ondemand": False,  # Include in presubmit.
         },
     },
-    disable_configs = [
-        "gpu_v100",
-        "gpu_x32",
-        "gpu_p100",
-        "gpu_p100_x32",
+    enable_backends = [
+        "cpu",
+        "tpu",
     ],
     enable_configs = [
         "gpu_a100_x32",
@@ -75,9 +73,6 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
         "gpu_p100_x32",
         "gpu_h100",
     ],
-    shard_count = {
-        "tpu": 1,
-    },
     deps = [
         "//jax:pallas",
         "//jax:pallas_tpu",
@@ -130,8 +125,9 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
     srcs = [
         "indexing_test.py",
     ],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "gpu",
+    enable_backends = [
+        "cpu",
+        "tpu",
     ],
     tags = [
         "noasan",  # Times out.
@@ -149,19 +145,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
     srcs = [
         "pallas_vmap_test.py",
     ],
-    config_tags_overrides = {
-        "gpu_a100_x32": {
-            "ondemand": False,  # Include in presubmit.
-        },
-    },
-    disable_configs = [
-        "gpu_v100",
-        "gpu_x32",
-        "gpu_a100",
-        "gpu_h100",
-        "gpu_p100",
-        "gpu_p100_x32",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["cpu"],
     enable_configs = [
         "gpu_a100_x32",
         "gpu_h100_x32",
@@ -186,26 +170,13 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
             "ondemand": False,  # Include in presubmit.
         },
     },
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "tpu",
-    ],
-    disable_configs = [
-        "gpu_v100",
-        "gpu_x32",
-        "gpu_a100",
-        "gpu_a100_x32",
-        "gpu_p100",
-        "gpu_p100_x32",
-        "gpu_h100",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = [],
     enable_configs = [
         "gpu_h100_x32",
     ],
     env = {
         "JAX_PALLAS_USE_MOSAIC_GPU": "1",
     },
-    tags = ["notap"],
     deps = [
         "//jax:pallas",
         "//jax:pallas_gpu",  # build_cleaner: keep
@@ -221,15 +192,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
             "ondemand": False,  # Include in presubmit.
         },
     },
-    disable_configs = [
-        "gpu_v100",
-        "gpu_x32",
-        "gpu_a100",
-        "gpu_h100",
-        "gpu_p100",
-        "gpu_p100_x32",
-        "gpu_pjrt_c_api",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["cpu"],
     enable_configs = [
         "gpu_a100_x32",
         "gpu_h100_x32",
@@ -252,15 +215,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
             "ondemand": False,  # Include in presubmit.
         },
     },
-    disable_configs = [
-        "gpu_v100",
-        "gpu_x32",
-        "gpu_a100",
-        "gpu_h100",
-        "gpu_p100",
-        "gpu_p100_x32",
-        "gpu_pjrt_c_api",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["cpu"],
     enable_configs = [
         "gpu_a100_x32",
     ],
@@ -304,10 +259,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
     srcs = [
         "pallas_error_handling_test.py",
     ],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "gpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["tpu"],
     deps = [
         "//jax:pallas",
         "//jax:pallas_tpu",
@@ -322,10 +274,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
     srcs = [
         "tpu_all_gather_test.py",
     ],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "gpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["tpu"],
     deps = [
         "//jax:pallas_tpu_ops",
     ] + py_deps("absl/testing") + py_deps("numpy") + py_deps("hypothesis"),
@@ -336,10 +285,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
     srcs = [
         "tpu_gmm_test.py",
     ],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "gpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["tpu"],
     shard_count = 50,
     tags = [
         "noasan",  # Times out.
@@ -361,10 +307,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
     srcs = ["tpu_pallas_test.py"],
     # The flag is necessary for ``pl.debug_print`` tests to work on TPU.
     args = ["--logtostderr"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "gpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["tpu"],
     deps = [
         "//jax:extend",
         "//jax:pallas_tpu",
@@ -377,8 +320,9 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
     srcs = [
         "tpu_ops_test.py",
     ],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "gpu",
+    enable_backends = [
+        "cpu",
+        "tpu",
     ],
     deps = [
         "//jax:pallas",
@@ -391,10 +335,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "tpu_pallas_distributed_test",
     srcs = ["tpu_pallas_distributed_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "gpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["tpu"],
     deps = [
         "//jax:extend",
         "//jax:pallas_tpu",
@@ -405,10 +346,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "tpu_pallas_pipeline_test",
     srcs = ["tpu_pallas_pipeline_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "gpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["tpu"],
     shard_count = 5,
     tags = [
         "noasan",  # Times out.
@@ -425,10 +363,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "tpu_pallas_async_test",
     srcs = ["tpu_pallas_async_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "gpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["tpu"],
     tags = [
     ],
     deps = [
@@ -439,10 +374,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "tpu_pallas_mesh_test",
     srcs = ["tpu_pallas_mesh_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "gpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["tpu"],
     tags = [
         "noasan",
         "nomsan",
@@ -459,10 +391,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
     srcs = [
         "tpu_pallas_random_test.py",
     ],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "gpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["tpu"],
     deps = [
         "//jax:pallas",
         "//jax:pallas_tpu",
@@ -475,10 +404,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
 jax_multiplatform_test(
     name = "tpu_paged_attention_kernel_test",
     srcs = ["tpu_paged_attention_kernel_test.py"],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "cpu",
-        "gpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["tpu"],
     shard_count = 5,
     tags = [
         "noasan",  # Times out.
@@ -495,10 +421,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
     srcs = [
         "tpu_splash_attention_kernel_test.py",
     ],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "gpu",
-        "cpu",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["tpu"],
     shard_count = 24,
     tags = [
         "noasan",  # Times out.
@@ -515,8 +438,9 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
     srcs = [
         "tpu_splash_attention_mask_test.py",
     ],
-    disable_backends = [
-        "gpu",
+    enable_backends = [
+        "cpu",
+        "tpu",
     ],
     deps = [
         "//jax:pallas_tpu_ops",
@@ -533,17 +457,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
             "ondemand": False,  # Include in presubmit.
         },
     },
-    disable_backends = [
-        "tpu",
-    ],
-    disable_configs = [
-        "gpu_v100",
-        "gpu_x32",
-        "gpu_p100",
-        "gpu_p100_x32",
-        "gpu_a100",
-        "gpu_h100",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["cpu"],
     enable_configs = [
         "gpu_a100_x32",
         "gpu_h100_x32",
@@ -566,17 +480,7 @@ jax_multiplatform_test(
             "ondemand": False,  # Include in presubmit.
         },
     },
-    disable_backends = [
-        "tpu",
-    ],
-    disable_configs = [
-        "gpu_v100",
-        "gpu_x32",
-        "gpu_a100",
-        "gpu_h100",
-        "gpu_p100",
-        "gpu_p100_x32",
-    ],
+    enable_backends = ["cpu"],
     enable_configs = [
         "gpu_a100_x32",
         "gpu_h100_x32",