diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 063324f0179c..a424e645144c 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ When releasing, please add the new-release-boilerplate to docs/pallas/CHANGELOG.
 * New Functionality
   * This release includes wheels for Python 3.13. Free-threading mode is not yet
     supported.
+  * `jax.errors.JaxRuntimeError` has been added as a public alias for the
+    formerly private `XlaRuntimeError` type.
 
 * Breaking changes
   * `jax_pmap_no_rank_reduction` flag is set to `True` by default.
@@ -32,6 +34,8 @@ When releasing, please add the new-release-boilerplate to docs/pallas/CHANGELOG.
     in an error.
   * Internal pretty-printing tools `jax.core.pp_*` have been removed, after
     being deprecated in JAX v0.4.30.
+  * `jax.lib.xla_client.XlaRuntimeError` has been deprecated. Use
+    `jax.errors.JaxRuntimeError` instead.
 
 * Deletion:
   * `jax.xla_computation` is deleted. It's been 3 months since it's deprecation
diff --git a/docs/errors.rst b/docs/errors.rst
index 96e14ed8d817..9965d6698bd4 100644
--- a/docs/errors.rst
+++ b/docs/errors.rst
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ along with representative examples of how one might fix them.
 .. currentmodule:: jax.errors
 .. autoclass:: ConcretizationTypeError
 .. autoclass:: KeyReuseError
+.. autoclass:: JaxRuntimeError
 .. autoclass:: NonConcreteBooleanIndexError
 .. autoclass:: TracerArrayConversionError
 .. autoclass:: TracerBoolConversionError
diff --git a/jax/errors.py b/jax/errors.py
index 2a811661d1ae..6da7b717cb5f 100644
--- a/jax/errors.py
+++ b/jax/errors.py
@@ -26,4 +26,9 @@
   UnexpectedTracerError as UnexpectedTracerError,
   KeyReuseError as KeyReuseError,
 )
+
+from jax._src.lib import xla_client as _xc
+JaxRuntimeError = _xc.XlaRuntimeError
+del _xc
+
 from jax._src.traceback_util import SimplifiedTraceback as SimplifiedTraceback
diff --git a/jax/lib/xla_client.py b/jax/lib/xla_client.py
index 7422e9fcc56d..9c57d82e837b 100644
--- a/jax/lib/xla_client.py
+++ b/jax/lib/xla_client.py
@@ -37,26 +37,36 @@
 Traceback = _xc.Traceback
 XlaBuilder = _xc.XlaBuilder
 XlaComputation = _xc.XlaComputation
-XlaRuntimeError = _xc.XlaRuntimeError
 
 _deprecations = {
-  # Added Aug 5 2024
-  "_xla" : (
-    "jax.lib.xla_client._xla is deprecated; use jax.lib.xla_extension.",
-    _xc._xla
-  ),
-  "bfloat16" : (
-    "jax.lib.xla_client.bfloat16 is deprecated; use ml_dtypes.bfloat16.",
-    _xc.bfloat16
-  ),
+    # Added Aug 5 2024
+    "_xla": (
+        "jax.lib.xla_client._xla is deprecated; use jax.lib.xla_extension.",
+        _xc._xla,
+    ),
+    "bfloat16": (
+        "jax.lib.xla_client.bfloat16 is deprecated; use ml_dtypes.bfloat16.",
+        _xc.bfloat16,
+    ),
+    # Added Sep 26 2024
+    "XlaRuntimeError": (
+        (
+            "jax.lib.xla_client.XlaRuntimeError is deprecated; use"
+            " jax.errors.JaxRuntimeError."
+        ),
+        _xc.XlaRuntimeError,
+    ),
 }
 
 import typing as _typing
+
 if _typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
   _xla = _xc._xla
   bfloat16 = _xc.bfloat16
+  XlaRuntimeError = _xc.XlaRuntimeError
 else:
   from jax._src.deprecations import deprecation_getattr as _deprecation_getattr
+
   __getattr__ = _deprecation_getattr(__name__, _deprecations)
   del _deprecation_getattr
 del _typing
diff --git a/tests/errors_test.py b/tests/errors_test.py
index fa2dec95f0fa..7dfc4e51a6de 100644
--- a/tests/errors_test.py
+++ b/tests/errors_test.py
@@ -394,11 +394,19 @@ def test_grad_norm(self):
 
 
 class CustomErrorsTest(jtu.JaxTestCase):
+
   @jtu.sample_product(
-    errorclass=[
-     errorclass for errorclass in dir(jax.errors)
-     if errorclass.endswith('Error') and errorclass not in ['JaxIndexError', 'JAXTypeError']
-    ],
+      errorclass=[
+          errorclass
+          for errorclass in dir(jax.errors)
+          if errorclass.endswith('Error')
+          and errorclass
+          not in [
+              'JaxIndexError',
+              'JAXTypeError',
+              'JaxRuntimeError',
+          ]
+      ],
   )
   def testErrorsURL(self, errorclass):
     class FakeTracer(core.Tracer):
diff --git a/tests/package_structure_test.py b/tests/package_structure_test.py
index e9944ec084af..71d48c2b121c 100644
--- a/tests/package_structure_test.py
+++ b/tests/package_structure_test.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class PackageStructureTest(jtu.JaxTestCase):
 
   @parameterized.parameters([
       # TODO(jakevdp): expand test to other public modules.
-      _mod("jax.errors"),
+      _mod("jax.errors", exclude=["JaxRuntimeError"]),
       _mod("jax.nn.initializers"),
       _mod(
           "jax.tree_util",