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Docker commands and overview

Contents

1. Whats is docker and containers?

1.1. Docker

  • Docker is an open platform for developing, shipping, and running applications.
  • Docker provides to separate your applications from your infrastructure so you can deliver software quickly.
  • Docker is a software development platform to deploy apps.
  • Apps are packaged in containers that can be run on any OS.
  • Apps run the same, regardless of where they're run:
    • Any machine.
    • No compatibility issues.
    • Predictable behavior.
    • Less work.
    • Easier to maintain and deploy.
    • Works with any language, any OS, any technology.
  • Use cases: microservices architecture, lift-and-shift apps from on-premises to the AWS cloud, ...

1.1.1. Advantages of Docker

  • Methodologies for shipping, testing, and deploying code quickly, you can significantly reduce the delay between writing code and running it in production.
  • Docker provides for automating the deployment of applications as portable, self-sufficient containers that can run on the cloud or on-premises.
  • Docker containers can run anywhere, in your local computer to the cloud.
  • Docker image containers can run natively on Linux and Windows.

1.2. Container

  • A container is a standard unit of software that packages up code and all its dependencies so, the application runs quickly and reliably from one computing environment to another.
  • A Docker container image is a lightweight, standalone, executable package of software that includes everything needed to run an application.

2. Instalation in Windows 10

  • Enable WSL in Windows 10
    • Enable WSL in Windows 10
  • Update wsl to wsl2
    • wsl --update

3. Docker commands

  • All informations about docker in the machine
    • docker info
  • Show the Docker version information
    • docker --version
  • Create container by image
    • docker create --name <container_name> <image_name>
  • Show running containers (Process status)
    • docker ps
    • docker ps -a # Show all
    • docker container ls -a
    • docker container ps -a
  • List all images in local repository
    • docker images
  • Pull (download) an image or a repository from a registry
    • docker pull <image_name>:<version> or <tag> # Example docker pull hello-world:latest
  • Rum a command to start a container
    • docker start <container_name>
  • Rum a command to stop a container
    • docker stop <container_name>
  • Create and run the container, this command eliminates the need to run docker create and then docker start
    • docker run <image_name> # Example docker run hello-world
    • docker run -d <image_name> # -d Detach, run container in background and print container ID
    • docker run -d -p <external_port:internal_docker_port> <image_name> or <tag_name>
    • docker run -it --rm <image_name> # Run and delete the container when the container stops
  • Remove image
    • docker image rm <image_name> or <image_id> # Example docker image rm hello-world:latest
  • Remove container
    • docker container rm <container_name> or <container_id>
  • Docker attach commands to start the container and peek at the output stream
    • docker attach --sig-proxy=false core-counter <container_name>
  • Fetch the logs of a container
    • docker logs -f <image_name> # Log live
  • Run a command in a running container
    • docker exec -it <container_name> bash # -it --interactive and --tty
    • docker exec -it -u root <container_name> bash # With user root
  • Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
    • docker cp <file_name> <container_name>:<path>/<file_name> # Example: docker cp script.sh myContainer:/tmp/script.sh
  • Build Dockerfile
    • docker build .
    • docker build --tag <tag_name> .

4. Dockerfile structure

  • FROM # Fully qualified Docker container image name

  • COPY # Copy the specified folder on your computer to a folder in the container

  • WORKDIR # Changes the current directory inside of the container to App

  • ENTRYPOINT # Tells Docker to configure the container to run as an executable

  • Example of Dockerfile example to build a dotnet project.

      FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:7.0 AS build-env

  WORKDIR /my_custom_path_build_env
  COPY . ./

  # Run this command to see result of commands ls... docker build --no-cache --progress plain .
  RUN echo $(ls)
  RUN dotnet restore
  RUN dotnet publish -c Release -o publish
  RUN echo $(ls ./publish)

  FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:7.0 AS stage-env
  WORKDIR /my_custom_path_stage_env
  COPY --from=build-env /my_custom_path_build_env/publish .
  RUN echo $(ls)

  EXPOSE 80
  ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "My.dll"]

5. Docker compose

5.1. Commands Docker Compose

  • All informations about docker compose in the machine
    • docker-compose version
  • Create/Recreate and start containers, use docker-compose.yml
    • docker-compose up -d
    • docker-compose up -d <name_service>
  • Build or rebuild services
    • docker-compose build
    • docker-compose build <name_service> # Build specific image.
  • Starts existing containers for a service.
    • docker-compose start
  • Stop all containers
    • docker-compose stop
  • Docker
    • compose-build
  • Remove all containers and images 
      docker-compose down
  docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)
  docker volume rm $(docker volume ls -q)
  docker rmi -f $(docker images -a -q)

5.2. Docker Compose template

version: '3'
services:
  my_service:
    container_name: CONTAINER_NAME
    image: IMAGE_NAME
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    volumes:
      - "$PWD/HOME:/VAR/PATH_HERE"
    networks:
      - net
networks:
  net:

6. Access Docker using REST API or Expose docker remotely

  1. ps -ef | grep docker
  2. sudo nano /lib/systemd/system/docker.service
  3. Replace line ExecStart=*** to ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// -H=tcp://0.0.0.0:2375
  4. sudo systemctl daemon-reload
  5. sudo service docker restart
  6. Test with url http://address:2375/images/json or http://address:2375/containers/json

7. Docker images

7.1. RabbitMQ (http://localhost:15672/)

  • docker pull rabbitmq:3-management
  • docker run -d -p 15672:15672 -p 5672:5672 --name rabbit_dev rabbitmq:3-management
  • docker run -d -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 --name rabbitmq_dev rabbitmq:3.9-management
  • Default user and password: guest/guest

7.2. MsSql (localhost,1445)

  • docker pull mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2019-latest
  • docker run -d -e "ACCEPT_EULA=Y" -e "SA_PASSWORD=yourStrong(!)Password" --name ordermssql -p 1445:1433 mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2019-latest

7.3. Jenkins

  • docker pull jenkins/jenkins
  • docker run -p 8080:8080 jenkins/jenkins -- name jenkins_dev

7.4. Gitlab

  • sudo docker exec -it gitlab_dev grep 'Password:' /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password
  • sudo gitlab-rake "gitlab:password:reset[root]"

7.5. MongoDb

  • docker pull mongo
  • docker run -d -p 27017:27017 --name mongo_dev mongo
  • docker exec -it mongo_dev bash

7.6. Redis

  • docker pull redis
  • docker run -d -p 6379:6379 --name redis_dev redis

7.7. PostgreSql

  • docker run --name postgres_dev -p 5432:5432 -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=mysecretpassword -d postgres

8. Grafana

  • docker run -d --name=grafana -p 3000:3000 grafana/grafana

9. Graphite / Statds

  • docker run -d --name graphite --restart=always -p 80:80 -p 2003-2004:2003-2004 -p 2023-2024:2023-2024 -p 8125:8125/udp -p 8126:8126 graphiteapp/graphite-statsd

10. Extras

  • Specific command to dotnet applications
    • docker build -f API\Dockerfile . -t <image_name>
    • docker run -p 500:80 -t <image_name>
    • docker build --no-cache --progress plain .