Bihar_Election_Analysis.ipynb

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      "name": "Bihar Election Analysis.ipynb",
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      "source": [
        "# <center>Bihar Assembly Election Analysis</center>\n",
        "## <center>By Vineet Jha</center>\n",
        "<figure>\n",
        "<center>\n",
        "<img src='https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1jZgHJKn11WIbOwx9NW3l-_GccBDZ9szt'/>\n",
        "</center>\n",
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      "source": [
        "# Introduction\n",
        "\n",
        "Elections are a major event in any country and India being the biggest democracy takes it to whole another level. Bihar, the third-largest state of India by population, has one of the fiercest rivalries in RJD(Rashtriya Janata Dal) and JDU(Janata Dal United)."
      ],
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      "source": [
        "# Objective\n",
        "\n",
        "While it would be interesting to visualise various metrics of Bihar Elections, the purpose of this project is to brush up on Pandas skills. I decided on a set of questions to answer using Pandas. Pandas can be used to dive deep into data and find relevant insights and help in decision making process."
      ],
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        "# Application\n",
        "\n",
        "### Dataset Description:\n",
        "The dataset consists of 8 columns: \n",
        "\n",
        "1.   Election Year which in our case has values 2005-Feb, 2005-Oct, 2010 and 2015.\n",
        "2.   AC Name\n",
        "3.   AC No.<br>\n",
        "These are the Name and Number(ranging from 1 to 243) of the Assembly constituency.\n",
        "4.   Name i.e. name of the candidate contesting elections.\n",
        "5.   Party - the Political party one belongs to.\n",
        "6.   Votes\n",
        "7.   Votes%\n",
        "8.   Position - Rank obtained in the election according to Votes and Votes%\n",
        "\n",
        "\n"
      ],
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      "source": [
        "import pandas as pd\n",
        "import numpy as np"
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      "source": [
        "df = pd.read_csv(\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jha-vineet69/Bihar-Elections-Analysis/main/Bihar_Elections_Data_Cleaned.csv\")\n",
        "df.head()"
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              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Election Year</th>\n",
              "      <th>Position</th>\n",
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              "      <th>Votes</th>\n",
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              "      <th>0</th>\n",
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              "      <td>Rajesh Singh</td>\n",
              "      <td>42289</td>\n",
              "      <td>29.40%</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Valmiki Nagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>Mukesh Kumar Kushwaha</td>\n",
              "      <td>27618</td>\n",
              "      <td>19.20%</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td>Valmiki Nagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dheerendra Pratap Singh</td>\n",
              "      <td>20886</td>\n",
              "      <td>14.50%</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Valmiki Nagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>Irshad Hussain</td>\n",
              "      <td>17747</td>\n",
              "      <td>12.40%</td>\n",
              "      <td>Indian National Congress</td>\n",
              "      <td>Valmiki Nagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>Deep Narayan Mahato</td>\n",
              "      <td>14047</td>\n",
              "      <td>9.80%</td>\n",
              "      <td>Independent</td>\n",
              "      <td>Valmiki Nagar</td>\n",
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            "text/plain": [
              "  Election Year  Position  ...        AC name  AC No\n",
              "0          2010         1  ...  Valmiki Nagar      1\n",
              "1          2010         2  ...  Valmiki Nagar      1\n",
              "2          2010         3  ...  Valmiki Nagar      1\n",
              "3          2010         4  ...  Valmiki Nagar      1\n",
              "4          2010         5  ...  Valmiki Nagar      1\n",
              "\n",
              "[5 rows x 8 columns]"
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      "source": [
        "df.info()"
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      "outputs": [
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          "text": [
            "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n",
            "RangeIndex: 12301 entries, 0 to 12300\n",
            "Data columns (total 8 columns):\n",
            " #   Column         Non-Null Count  Dtype \n",
            "---  ------         --------------  ----- \n",
            " 0   Election Year  12301 non-null  object\n",
            " 1   Position       12301 non-null  int64 \n",
            " 2   Name           12301 non-null  object\n",
            " 3   Votes          12301 non-null  int64 \n",
            " 4   Votes %        12301 non-null  object\n",
            " 5   Party          12301 non-null  object\n",
            " 6   AC name        12301 non-null  object\n",
            " 7   AC No          12301 non-null  int64 \n",
            "dtypes: int64(3), object(5)\n",
            "memory usage: 768.9+ KB\n"
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            "text/plain": [
              "Index(['Election Year', 'Position', 'Name', 'Votes', 'Votes %', 'Party',\n",
              "       'AC name', 'AC No'],\n",
              "      dtype='object')"
            ]
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        "### Data Cleaning:"
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      "outputs": []
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      "source": [
        "df.isna().any()"
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      "execution_count": 6,
      "outputs": [
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          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "Election Year    False\n",
              "Position         False\n",
              "Name             False\n",
              "Votes            False\n",
              "Votes %          False\n",
              "Party            False\n",
              "AC name          False\n",
              "AC No            False\n",
              "dtype: bool"
            ]
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          "execution_count": 6
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        "df['Votes %'] = df['Votes %'].str.replace('%', '')\n",
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              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Election Year</th>\n",
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              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Rajesh Singh</td>\n",
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              "      <td>29.40</td>\n",
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              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>Deep Narayan Mahato</td>\n",
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              "      <td>9.80</td>\n",
              "      <td>Independent</td>\n",
              "      <td>Valmiki Nagar</td>\n",
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              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "      <script>\n",
              "        const buttonEl =\n",
              "          document.querySelector('#df-a1f7d99c-ee15-42c9-801f-9a41ffe18f1f button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "        buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "          google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "        async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "          const element = document.querySelector('#df-a1f7d99c-ee15-42c9-801f-9a41ffe18f1f');\n",
              "          const dataTable =\n",
              "            await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
              "          if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "          const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "            '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "            + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "          element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "          dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "          await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "          const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "          docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "          element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "        }\n",
              "      </script>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "  "
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "  Election Year  Position  ...        AC name  AC No\n",
              "0          2010         1  ...  Valmiki Nagar      1\n",
              "1          2010         2  ...  Valmiki Nagar      1\n",
              "2          2010         3  ...  Valmiki Nagar      1\n",
              "3          2010         4  ...  Valmiki Nagar      1\n",
              "4          2010         5  ...  Valmiki Nagar      1\n",
              "\n",
              "[5 rows x 8 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 7
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "iV8XAF5f3_JQ"
      },
      "source": [
        "df['Votes %'] = df['Votes %'].astype('float16')"
      ],
      "execution_count": 8,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "AfKzK55Kyox8",
        "outputId": "ca12ff7e-caa6-456b-eebf-338ce9c56b1f"
      },
      "source": [
        "fcols = df.select_dtypes('float').columns\n",
        "icols = df.select_dtypes('integer').columns\n",
        "\n",
        "df[fcols] = df[fcols].apply(pd.to_numeric, downcast='float')\n",
        "df[icols] = df[icols].apply(pd.to_numeric, downcast='integer')\n",
        "df.info()"
      ],
      "execution_count": 9,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n",
            "Int64Index: 12301 entries, 0 to 12300\n",
            "Data columns (total 8 columns):\n",
            " #   Column         Non-Null Count  Dtype  \n",
            "---  ------         --------------  -----  \n",
            " 0   Election Year  12301 non-null  object \n",
            " 1   Position       12301 non-null  int8   \n",
            " 2   Name           12301 non-null  object \n",
            " 3   Votes          12301 non-null  int32  \n",
            " 4   Votes %        12301 non-null  float16\n",
            " 5   Party          12301 non-null  object \n",
            " 6   AC name        12301 non-null  object \n",
            " 7   AC No          12301 non-null  int16  \n",
            "dtypes: float16(1), int16(1), int32(1), int8(1), object(4)\n",
            "memory usage: 588.6+ KB\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "Bmz0hf2Yyoty",
        "outputId": "a57beb12-67ad-402e-d717-f4ea32bd241c"
      },
      "source": [
        "df['AC name'].value_counts()"
      ],
      "execution_count": 10,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "Buxar               84\n",
              "Mahua               74\n",
              "Kumhrarh            72\n",
              "Kurhani             69\n",
              "Riga                68\n",
              "                    ..\n",
              "Triveniganj (SC)     8\n",
              "Katoria (ST)         8\n",
              "Imamganj (SC)        8\n",
              "Barachatti (SC)      6\n",
              "Garkha (SC)          6\n",
              "Name: AC name, Length: 282, dtype: int64"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 10
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "We have 243 constituencies i.e. AC No. from 1 to 243 but 282 AC names. This is due to the fact that some consistuencies were reserved for SC and ST candidates and those constituencies have SC and ST appended to their names. We can remove that as of now."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "lOLyvqmvrBWe"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "FJdy9Hs_yoph",
        "outputId": "9ee628db-60ba-47a7-a46c-5d0916a7d328"
      },
      "source": [
        "df['Election Year'].value_counts()"
      ],
      "execution_count": 11,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "2010        3523\n",
              "2015        3450\n",
              "2005-Feb    3193\n",
              "2005-Oct    2135\n",
              "Name: Election Year, dtype: int64"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 11
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "DhNXxQRhjUmx"
      },
      "source": [
        "df.replace(to_replace=' \\(SC\\)', value='', regex=True, inplace=True)\n",
        "df.replace(to_replace=' \\(ST\\)', value='', regex=True, inplace=True)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 12,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "za3HUIBVjKx0",
        "outputId": "08320493-71b3-462b-84fd-e6acefeb01d9"
      },
      "source": [
        "df['AC name'].value_counts()"
      ],
      "execution_count": 13,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "Buxar       84\n",
              "Phulwari    79\n",
              "Mahua       74\n",
              "Masaurhi    73\n",
              "Kumhrarh    72\n",
              "            ..\n",
              "Baniapur    33\n",
              "Imamganj    31\n",
              "Garkha      31\n",
              "Katoria     31\n",
              "Supaul      28\n",
              "Name: AC name, Length: 243, dtype: int64"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 13
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df[['AC name', 'AC No']].value_counts().reset_index().rename(columns={0:\"Num Rows\"}).sort_values(['AC No'], ascending=True)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 423
        },
        "id": "xOMo3NV7prHI",
        "outputId": "1dab5927-fb1c-4878-903a-7b5fbfb60034"
      },
      "execution_count": 14,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-24625096-7365-4d3d-b8ee-31728eae69e8\">\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "      <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>AC name</th>\n",
              "      <th>AC No</th>\n",
              "      <th>Num Rows</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>131</th>\n",
              "      <td>Valmiki Nagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>49</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>130</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ramnagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>49</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Narkatiaganj</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>66</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>80</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bagaha</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>54</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>106</th>\n",
              "      <td>Lauriya</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>51</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>36</th>\n",
              "      <td>Warsaliganj</td>\n",
              "      <td>239</td>\n",
              "      <td>59</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>206</th>\n",
              "      <td>Sikandra</td>\n",
              "      <td>240</td>\n",
              "      <td>42</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>113</th>\n",
              "      <td>Jamui</td>\n",
              "      <td>241</td>\n",
              "      <td>51</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>32</th>\n",
              "      <td>Jhajha</td>\n",
              "      <td>242</td>\n",
              "      <td>60</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>120</th>\n",
              "      <td>Chakai</td>\n",
              "      <td>243</td>\n",
              "      <td>50</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>243 rows × 3 columns</p>\n",
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              "          const element = document.querySelector('#df-24625096-7365-4d3d-b8ee-31728eae69e8');\n",
              "          const dataTable =\n",
              "            await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
              "          if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "          const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "            '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "            + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "          element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "          dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
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              "        }\n",
              "      </script>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "  "
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "           AC name  AC No  Num Rows\n",
              "131  Valmiki Nagar      1        49\n",
              "130       Ramnagar      2        49\n",
              "9     Narkatiaganj      3        66\n",
              "80          Bagaha      4        54\n",
              "106        Lauriya      5        51\n",
              "..             ...    ...       ...\n",
              "36     Warsaliganj    239        59\n",
              "206       Sikandra    240        42\n",
              "113          Jamui    241        51\n",
              "32          Jhajha    242        60\n",
              "120         Chakai    243        50\n",
              "\n",
              "[243 rows x 3 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 14
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "TgoXVU4Uy3Y7"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### Task 1: Determine the winning party for every election at the state level. A party which has the highest total votes is considered the winner here."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_cleaned = df[df['Position'] == 1]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zmEmr7Oj3t2H"
      },
      "execution_count": 15,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "sKM9VwOSLcST"
      },
      "source": [
        "df_cleaned = df_cleaned[df_cleaned['Party'] != 'Independent']"
      ],
      "execution_count": 16,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_win = df_cleaned.groupby(['Election Year','Party'])['Votes'].sum().reset_index().rename(columns={\"Votes\":\"Total Votes\"})\n",
        "df_win = df_win.sort_values(['Election Year','Total Votes'], ascending=False)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Gm6NqQ5KX7YL"
      },
      "execution_count": 17,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_win.loc[df_win.groupby(['Election Year'])['Total Votes'].idxmax()].style.hide_index()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 174
        },
        "id": "NP6qUXQsX7V6",
        "outputId": "83eead23-dc1a-4099-c54c-e208357b72ab"
      },
      "execution_count": 18,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "<style type=\"text/css\">\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table id=\"T_eeb46_\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th class=\"col_heading level0 col0\" >Election Year</th>\n",
              "      <th class=\"col_heading level0 col1\" >Party</th>\n",
              "      <th class=\"col_heading level0 col2\" >Total Votes</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_eeb46_row0_col0\" class=\"data row0 col0\" >2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_eeb46_row0_col1\" class=\"data row0 col1\" >Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_eeb46_row0_col2\" class=\"data row0 col2\" >2811874</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_eeb46_row1_col0\" class=\"data row1 col0\" >2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_eeb46_row1_col1\" class=\"data row1 col1\" >Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_eeb46_row1_col2\" class=\"data row1 col2\" >3585479</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_eeb46_row2_col0\" class=\"data row2 col0\" >2010</td>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_eeb46_row2_col1\" class=\"data row2 col1\" >Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_eeb46_row2_col2\" class=\"data row2 col2\" >5596983</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_eeb46_row3_col0\" class=\"data row3 col0\" >2015</td>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_eeb46_row3_col1\" class=\"data row3 col1\" >Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_eeb46_row3_col2\" class=\"data row3 col2\" >5747137</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "<pandas.io.formats.style.Styler at 0x7f217e8b2850>"
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          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 18
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Q-2-zy-DyoTx"
      },
      "source": [
        "df_win2 = df_cleaned.groupby(['Election Year','Party'])['Position'].count().reset_index().rename(columns={\"Position\":\"Seats Won\"})\n",
        "df_win2 = df_win2.sort_values(['Election Year','Seats Won'], ascending=False)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 19,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 174
        },
        "id": "cr_pwpz9FCVO",
        "outputId": "b883fe4f-995d-4c5d-f282-c367338824bc"
      },
      "source": [
        "df_win2.loc[df_win2.groupby(['Election Year'])['Seats Won'].idxmax()].style.hide_index()"
      ],
      "execution_count": 20,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "<style type=\"text/css\">\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table id=\"T_fa5b5_\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th class=\"col_heading level0 col0\" >Election Year</th>\n",
              "      <th class=\"col_heading level0 col1\" >Party</th>\n",
              "      <th class=\"col_heading level0 col2\" >Seats Won</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_fa5b5_row0_col0\" class=\"data row0 col0\" >2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_fa5b5_row0_col1\" class=\"data row0 col1\" >Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_fa5b5_row0_col2\" class=\"data row0 col2\" >75</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_fa5b5_row1_col0\" class=\"data row1 col0\" >2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_fa5b5_row1_col1\" class=\"data row1 col1\" >Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_fa5b5_row1_col2\" class=\"data row1 col2\" >88</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_fa5b5_row2_col0\" class=\"data row2 col0\" >2010</td>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_fa5b5_row2_col1\" class=\"data row2 col1\" >Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_fa5b5_row2_col2\" class=\"data row2 col2\" >115</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_fa5b5_row3_col0\" class=\"data row3 col0\" >2015</td>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_fa5b5_row3_col1\" class=\"data row3 col1\" >Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td id=\"T_fa5b5_row3_col2\" class=\"data row3 col2\" >80</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "<pandas.io.formats.style.Styler at 0x7f217e509d90>"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 20
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "xP1gIQf1ew1O"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### Task 2: Determine the list of swing seats for the state. A swing seat is a constituency which has a different winner in every election. The elections are held in the order 2005-Feb, 2005-Oct, 2010 and 2015."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_cleaned.head(12)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 426
        },
        "id": "EEeH0eQIDOKq",
        "outputId": "a8636d38-c50a-4bf7-bc2b-969945d2d556"
      },
      "execution_count": 21,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-bc8f0759-5968-4538-891a-84e83b025107\">\n",
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              "      <div>\n",
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              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Election Year</th>\n",
              "      <th>Position</th>\n",
              "      <th>Name</th>\n",
              "      <th>Votes</th>\n",
              "      <th>Votes %</th>\n",
              "      <th>Party</th>\n",
              "      <th>AC name</th>\n",
              "      <th>AC No</th>\n",
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              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rajesh Singh</td>\n",
              "      <td>42289</td>\n",
              "      <td>29.40625</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Valmiki Nagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>14</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bhagirathi Devi</td>\n",
              "      <td>51993</td>\n",
              "      <td>41.50000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Ramnagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>31</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Satish Chandra Dubey</td>\n",
              "      <td>45022</td>\n",
              "      <td>38.09375</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Narkatiaganj</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>46</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Prabhat Ranjan Singh</td>\n",
              "      <td>67510</td>\n",
              "      <td>50.40625</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bagaha</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>73</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manorma Prasad</td>\n",
              "      <td>40894</td>\n",
              "      <td>36.50000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Nautan</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>89</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Chandra Mohan Rai</td>\n",
              "      <td>44835</td>\n",
              "      <td>40.40625</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Chanpatia</td>\n",
              "      <td>7</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>107</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Renu Devi</td>\n",
              "      <td>42010</td>\n",
              "      <td>39.59375</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bettiah</td>\n",
              "      <td>8</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>143</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dr. Ajay Kumar Singh</td>\n",
              "      <td>48686</td>\n",
              "      <td>42.90625</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Raxaul</td>\n",
              "      <td>10</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>150</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Ramchandra Sahani</td>\n",
              "      <td>39021</td>\n",
              "      <td>34.40625</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Sugauli</td>\n",
              "      <td>11</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>160</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Shyam Bihari Prasad</td>\n",
              "      <td>31549</td>\n",
              "      <td>26.50000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Narkatia</td>\n",
              "      <td>12</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>177</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Krishana Nandan Paswan</td>\n",
              "      <td>48130</td>\n",
              "      <td>46.90625</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Harsidhi</td>\n",
              "      <td>13</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>192</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Meena Dwivedi</td>\n",
              "      <td>33859</td>\n",
              "      <td>34.81250</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Govindganj</td>\n",
              "      <td>14</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "      <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-bc8f0759-5968-4538-891a-84e83b025107')\"\n",
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              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
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              "\n",
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              "        }\n",
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              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "  "
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "    Election Year  Position  ...        AC name  AC No\n",
              "0            2010         1  ...  Valmiki Nagar      1\n",
              "14           2010         1  ...       Ramnagar      2\n",
              "31           2010         1  ...   Narkatiaganj      3\n",
              "46           2010         1  ...         Bagaha      4\n",
              "73           2010         1  ...         Nautan      6\n",
              "89           2010         1  ...      Chanpatia      7\n",
              "107          2010         1  ...        Bettiah      8\n",
              "143          2010         1  ...         Raxaul     10\n",
              "150          2010         1  ...        Sugauli     11\n",
              "160          2010         1  ...       Narkatia     12\n",
              "177          2010         1  ...       Harsidhi     13\n",
              "192          2010         1  ...     Govindganj     14\n",
              "\n",
              "[12 rows x 8 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 21
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_swing = df_cleaned.groupby(['AC name', 'Party'])['Position'].count().reset_index().rename(columns={\"Position\":\"Won\"})"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "bXBEiuWdDbZl"
      },
      "execution_count": 22,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
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        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 423
        },
        "id": "uQXA-e0N3vGz",
        "outputId": "0cd7ad5d-e4aa-44b7-9346-2d98f3a0267f"
      },
      "source": [
        "df_swing = df_swing.groupby(['AC name'])['Won'].max().reset_index()\n",
        "df_swing"
      ],
      "execution_count": 23,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-913983bd-50c6-4806-aa01-7120ae9c7045\">\n",
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              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Agiaon</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alamnagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alauli</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alinagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Amarpur</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>238</th>\n",
              "      <td>Valmiki Nagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>239</th>\n",
              "      <td>Warisnagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>240</th>\n",
              "      <td>Warsaliganj</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>241</th>\n",
              "      <td>Wazirganj</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>242</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ziradei</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>243 rows × 2 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
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              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
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              "\n",
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              "  "
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "           AC name  Won\n",
              "0           Agiaon    2\n",
              "1        Alamnagar    2\n",
              "2           Alauli    2\n",
              "3         Alinagar    2\n",
              "4          Amarpur    2\n",
              "..             ...  ...\n",
              "238  Valmiki Nagar    2\n",
              "239     Warisnagar    4\n",
              "240    Warsaliganj    1\n",
              "241      Wazirganj    2\n",
              "242        Ziradei    2\n",
              "\n",
              "[243 rows x 2 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 23
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "wwdclnYh4Vam",
        "outputId": "c3cb1b75-9f67-4a28-dbc9-511c50e1a6b9"
      },
      "source": [
        "swing_seats = df_swing[df_swing['Won']==1]['AC name'].tolist()\n",
        "print(\"No. of Swing States\",len(swing_seats))\n",
        "swing_seats"
      ],
      "execution_count": 24,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "No. of Swing States 19\n"
          ]
        },
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['Amour',\n",
              " 'Bachhwara',\n",
              " 'Balrampur',\n",
              " 'Belsand',\n",
              " 'Chakai',\n",
              " 'Darauli',\n",
              " 'Jamui',\n",
              " 'Jhajha',\n",
              " 'Kadwa',\n",
              " 'Lauriya',\n",
              " 'Madhubani',\n",
              " 'Parsa',\n",
              " 'Pipra 2',\n",
              " 'Rajnagar',\n",
              " 'Ramgarh',\n",
              " 'Sikandra',\n",
              " 'Tarari',\n",
              " 'Thakurganj',\n",
              " 'Warsaliganj']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 24
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "b5otVPaFRJ9y"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### Task 3: Determine the top 8 parties at the state-level in each election in terms of getting the most votes."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "-iZZfv5DVhey"
      },
      "source": [
        "df_copy = df.copy(deep=True)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 25,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "beXS-MhQ4kcP"
      },
      "source": [
        "df_copy.drop(df_copy.index[df_copy['Party'] == 'Independent'], inplace=True)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 26,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wO3-EEZZ4kXf",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 423
        },
        "outputId": "74e52944-fcdd-4cab-c39b-88fbc422a3a7"
      },
      "source": [
        "df_votes_sum = df_copy.groupby(['Election Year','Party'])['Votes'].sum().reset_index().sort_values(['Election Year', 'Votes'], ascending=False)\n",
        "df_votes_sum"
      ],
      "execution_count": 27,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-084a6d45-96b4-43de-84cc-4c6d7ffb81e2\">\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "      <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Election Year</th>\n",
              "      <th>Party</th>\n",
              "      <th>Votes</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>241</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>9308015</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>329</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td>6995509</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>279</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>6416414</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>271</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Indian National Congress</td>\n",
              "      <td>2539638</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>293</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lok Jan Shakti Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>1840834</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>22</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Indian Union Muslim League</td>\n",
              "      <td>758</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Adarsh Political Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>736</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>59</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Sanatan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>705</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>12</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharat Mangalam Parishad</td>\n",
              "      <td>397</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Akhil Bharatiya Desh Bhakt Morcha</td>\n",
              "      <td>326</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>368 rows × 3 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "      <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-084a6d45-96b4-43de-84cc-4c6d7ffb81e2')\"\n",
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              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
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              "          document.querySelector('#df-084a6d45-96b4-43de-84cc-4c6d7ffb81e2 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "        buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "          google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "        async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "          const element = document.querySelector('#df-084a6d45-96b4-43de-84cc-4c6d7ffb81e2');\n",
              "          const dataTable =\n",
              "            await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
              "          if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "          const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "            '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "            + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "          element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "          dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "          await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
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              "          docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "          element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "        }\n",
              "      </script>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "  "
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "    Election Year                              Party    Votes\n",
              "241          2015              Bharatiya Janta Party  9308015\n",
              "329          2015               Rashtriya Janata Dal  6995509\n",
              "279          2015                Janata Dal (United)  6416414\n",
              "271          2015           Indian National Congress  2539638\n",
              "293          2015               Lok Jan Shakti Party  1840834\n",
              "..            ...                                ...      ...\n",
              "22       2005-Feb         Indian Union Muslim League      758\n",
              "0        2005-Feb             Adarsh Political Party      736\n",
              "59       2005-Feb                Sanatan Samaj Party      705\n",
              "12       2005-Feb           Bharat Mangalam Parishad      397\n",
              "4        2005-Feb  Akhil Bharatiya Desh Bhakt Morcha      326\n",
              "\n",
              "[368 rows x 3 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 27
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_top8 = df_votes_sum.loc[df_votes_sum.groupby('Election Year')['Votes'].nlargest(8).reset_index()['level_1']]\n",
        "# df_top8 = df_votes_sum.groupby('Election Year').head(8).reset_index(drop=True)  #Produces same result\n",
        "df_top8"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 1000
        },
        "id": "0d1DNQi2HRnn",
        "outputId": "abc16206-aa4e-4c83-ae0c-5c9e85524847"
      },
      "execution_count": 28,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-dfd74e3e-dde3-4ef7-80b3-15e003545e5c\">\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "      <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Election Year</th>\n",
              "      <th>Party</th>\n",
              "      <th>Votes</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>49</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td>6140223</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>26</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>3564930</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>36</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lok Jan Shakti Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>3091173</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>2686290</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>21</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Indian National Congress</td>\n",
              "      <td>1223835</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>10</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>1080745</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>57</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>658791</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>17</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (L...</td>\n",
              "      <td>610345</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>109</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td>5525081</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>93</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>4819759</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>79</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>3686720</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>100</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lok Jan Shakti Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>2615901</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>87</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Indian National Congress</td>\n",
              "      <td>1435449</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>75</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>981464</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>118</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>594266</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>84</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (L...</td>\n",
              "      <td>559326</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>165</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>6561906</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>191</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td>5475656</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>149</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>4790436</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>159</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Indian National Congress</td>\n",
              "      <td>2431477</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>175</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lok Jan Shakti Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>1957232</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>139</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>933947</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>183</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Nationalist Congress Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>528575</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>154</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (L...</td>\n",
              "      <td>520352</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>241</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>9308015</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>329</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td>6995509</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>279</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>6416414</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>271</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Indian National Congress</td>\n",
              "      <td>2539638</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>293</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lok Jan Shakti Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>1840834</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>334</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Lok Samta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>976787</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>269</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)</td>\n",
              "      <td>864856</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>230</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>788024</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "      <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-dfd74e3e-dde3-4ef7-80b3-15e003545e5c')\"\n",
              "              title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "              style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "        \n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
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              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
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              "\n",
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              "  </div>\n",
              "  "
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "    Election Year                                              Party    Votes\n",
              "49       2005-Feb                               Rashtriya Janata Dal  6140223\n",
              "26       2005-Feb                                Janata Dal (United)  3564930\n",
              "36       2005-Feb                               Lok Jan Shakti Party  3091173\n",
              "13       2005-Feb                              Bharatiya Janta Party  2686290\n",
              "21       2005-Feb                           Indian National Congress  1223835\n",
              "10       2005-Feb                                Bahujan Samaj Party  1080745\n",
              "57       2005-Feb                                    Samajwadi Party   658791\n",
              "17       2005-Feb  Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (L...   610345\n",
              "109      2005-Oct                               Rashtriya Janata Dal  5525081\n",
              "93       2005-Oct                                Janata Dal (United)  4819759\n",
              "79       2005-Oct                              Bharatiya Janta Party  3686720\n",
              "100      2005-Oct                               Lok Jan Shakti Party  2615901\n",
              "87       2005-Oct                           Indian National Congress  1435449\n",
              "75       2005-Oct                                Bahujan Samaj Party   981464\n",
              "118      2005-Oct                                    Samajwadi Party   594266\n",
              "84       2005-Oct  Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (L...   559326\n",
              "165          2010                                Janata Dal (United)  6561906\n",
              "191          2010                               Rashtriya Janata Dal  5475656\n",
              "149          2010                              Bharatiya Janta Party  4790436\n",
              "159          2010                           Indian National Congress  2431477\n",
              "175          2010                               Lok Jan Shakti Party  1957232\n",
              "139          2010                                Bahujan Samaj Party   933947\n",
              "183          2010                         Nationalist Congress Party   528575\n",
              "154          2010  Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (L...   520352\n",
              "241          2015                              Bharatiya Janta Party  9308015\n",
              "329          2015                               Rashtriya Janata Dal  6995509\n",
              "279          2015                                Janata Dal (United)  6416414\n",
              "271          2015                           Indian National Congress  2539638\n",
              "293          2015                               Lok Jan Shakti Party  1840834\n",
              "334          2015                          Rashtriya Lok Samta Party   976787\n",
              "269          2015                   Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)   864856\n",
              "230          2015                                Bahujan Samaj Party   788024"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 28
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "W6fcrbnfXk01"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### Task 4: Determine the minimum votes that each party in the top 8 of the 2015 election secured among all the past elections. Do this for all constituencies."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "pEW7zjIzcA-Q",
        "outputId": "5ca8f7e9-8b15-47c3-d873-da3e7eb38c31"
      },
      "source": [
        "party_list = df_top8[df_top8['Election Year']=='2015']['Party'].tolist()\n",
        "party_list"
      ],
      "execution_count": 29,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['Bharatiya Janta Party',\n",
              " 'Rashtriya Janata Dal',\n",
              " 'Janata Dal (United)',\n",
              " 'Indian National Congress',\n",
              " 'Lok Jan Shakti Party',\n",
              " 'Rashtriya Lok Samta Party',\n",
              " 'Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)',\n",
              " 'Bahujan Samaj Party']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 29
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "TTG4R8zyXkIm",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 865
        },
        "outputId": "4358bda7-dc84-4499-a65f-1501d39b2d32"
      },
      "source": [
        "df_min = df_top8[df_top8['Party'].isin(party_list)]\n",
        "df_min"
      ],
      "execution_count": 30,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
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              "\n",
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              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Election Year</th>\n",
              "      <th>Party</th>\n",
              "      <th>Votes</th>\n",
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              "      <th>49</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>3564930</td>\n",
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              "      <th>36</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lok Jan Shakti Party</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>3686720</td>\n",
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              "      <th>100</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lok Jan Shakti Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>2615901</td>\n",
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              "      <th>87</th>\n",
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              "      <td>1435449</td>\n",
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              "      <th>75</th>\n",
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              "      <th>165</th>\n",
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              "      <th>191</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td>5475656</td>\n",
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              "      <th>149</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>4790436</td>\n",
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              "      <th>159</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Indian National Congress</td>\n",
              "      <td>2431477</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
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              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>6416414</td>\n",
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              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
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              "      <td>2539638</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Lok Jan Shakti Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>1840834</td>\n",
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            "text/plain": [
              "    Election Year                             Party    Votes\n",
              "49       2005-Feb              Rashtriya Janata Dal  6140223\n",
              "26       2005-Feb               Janata Dal (United)  3564930\n",
              "36       2005-Feb              Lok Jan Shakti Party  3091173\n",
              "13       2005-Feb             Bharatiya Janta Party  2686290\n",
              "21       2005-Feb          Indian National Congress  1223835\n",
              "10       2005-Feb               Bahujan Samaj Party  1080745\n",
              "109      2005-Oct              Rashtriya Janata Dal  5525081\n",
              "93       2005-Oct               Janata Dal (United)  4819759\n",
              "79       2005-Oct             Bharatiya Janta Party  3686720\n",
              "100      2005-Oct              Lok Jan Shakti Party  2615901\n",
              "87       2005-Oct          Indian National Congress  1435449\n",
              "75       2005-Oct               Bahujan Samaj Party   981464\n",
              "165          2010               Janata Dal (United)  6561906\n",
              "191          2010              Rashtriya Janata Dal  5475656\n",
              "149          2010             Bharatiya Janta Party  4790436\n",
              "159          2010          Indian National Congress  2431477\n",
              "175          2010              Lok Jan Shakti Party  1957232\n",
              "139          2010               Bahujan Samaj Party   933947\n",
              "241          2015             Bharatiya Janta Party  9308015\n",
              "329          2015              Rashtriya Janata Dal  6995509\n",
              "279          2015               Janata Dal (United)  6416414\n",
              "271          2015          Indian National Congress  2539638\n",
              "293          2015              Lok Jan Shakti Party  1840834\n",
              "334          2015         Rashtriya Lok Samta Party   976787\n",
              "269          2015  Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)   864856\n",
              "230          2015               Bahujan Samaj Party   788024"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 30
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "e4QX0VRWXkF3"
      },
      "source": [
        "df_top8_min_votes = df_min.sort_values(['Party', 'Votes']).groupby('Party').head(1).reset_index(drop=True)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 31,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 300
        },
        "id": "E7_laQe3XkAt",
        "outputId": "141e3eff-581f-4cc6-e621-847fe4ad8c4f"
      },
      "source": [
        "df_top8_min_votes"
      ],
      "execution_count": 32,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
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              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Election Year</th>\n",
              "      <th>Party</th>\n",
              "      <th>Votes</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>788024</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>2686290</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)</td>\n",
              "      <td>864856</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Indian National Congress</td>\n",
              "      <td>1223835</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>3564930</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lok Jan Shakti Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>1840834</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td>5475656</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Lok Samta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>976787</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "      <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-fe5239a5-ffb9-48b6-9169-d2f3e330d795')\"\n",
              "              title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "              style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "        \n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
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              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
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              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
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              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "      <script>\n",
              "        const buttonEl =\n",
              "          document.querySelector('#df-fe5239a5-ffb9-48b6-9169-d2f3e330d795 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "        buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "          google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "        async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "          const element = document.querySelector('#df-fe5239a5-ffb9-48b6-9169-d2f3e330d795');\n",
              "          const dataTable =\n",
              "            await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
              "          if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "          const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "            '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "            + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "          element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "          dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "          await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "          const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "          docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "          element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "        }\n",
              "      </script>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "  "
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "  Election Year                             Party    Votes\n",
              "0          2015               Bahujan Samaj Party   788024\n",
              "1      2005-Feb             Bharatiya Janta Party  2686290\n",
              "2          2015  Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)   864856\n",
              "3      2005-Feb          Indian National Congress  1223835\n",
              "4      2005-Feb               Janata Dal (United)  3564930\n",
              "5          2015              Lok Jan Shakti Party  1840834\n",
              "6          2010              Rashtriya Janata Dal  5475656\n",
              "7          2015         Rashtriya Lok Samta Party   976787"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 32
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "s7pM5JZfggGO"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### Task 5: Determine the consistently tri-polar constituencies. i.e Constituencies in which 3 parties or more got greater than 10% of the vote shares in each election. The parties can be different for different elections."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "35qQzdosXj1N"
      },
      "source": [
        "# df_temp = df.drop(df.index[df['Party'] == 'Independent'])\n",
        "df_temp = df.copy(deep=True)\n",
        "df_temp = df_temp.sort_values(['AC name','Election Year','Votes %'], ascending=False).groupby(['AC name','Election Year']).head(3).reset_index(drop=True)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 33,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "HVZF3tOJXjye",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 423
        },
        "outputId": "81d7b548-7666-4d4b-bc04-5a2e98e1134f"
      },
      "source": [
        "df_top3 = df_temp[['AC name','Election Year','Party','Votes %', 'Position']].sort_values(['AC name','Election Year']).reset_index(drop=True)\n",
        "df_top3"
      ],
      "execution_count": 34,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
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              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>AC name</th>\n",
              "      <th>Election Year</th>\n",
              "      <th>Party</th>\n",
              "      <th>Votes %</th>\n",
              "      <th>Position</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Agiaon</td>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (L...</td>\n",
              "      <td>21.796875</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Agiaon</td>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td>18.593750</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Agiaon</td>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>18.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Agiaon</td>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (L...</td>\n",
              "      <td>30.203125</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Agiaon</td>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>29.296875</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2911</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ziradei</td>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (L...</td>\n",
              "      <td>19.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2912</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ziradei</td>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td>11.601562</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2913</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ziradei</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>30.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2914</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ziradei</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>25.500000</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2915</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ziradei</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Communist Party Of India (Marxist-Leninist) (L...</td>\n",
              "      <td>25.406250</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>2916 rows × 5 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "      <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-e7d82dcd-3f99-4b48-baa7-9a9c3d57fdff')\"\n",
              "              title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "              style=\"display:none;\">\n",
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              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
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              "\n",
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              "\n",
              "      <script>\n",
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              "        buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "          google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "        async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "          const element = document.querySelector('#df-e7d82dcd-3f99-4b48-baa7-9a9c3d57fdff');\n",
              "          const dataTable =\n",
              "            await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
              "          if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "          const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "            '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "            + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "          element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "          dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "          await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "          const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "          docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "          element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "        }\n",
              "      </script>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "  "
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "      AC name Election Year  ...    Votes %  Position\n",
              "0      Agiaon      2005-Feb  ...  21.796875         1\n",
              "1      Agiaon      2005-Feb  ...  18.593750         2\n",
              "2      Agiaon      2005-Feb  ...  18.000000         3\n",
              "3      Agiaon      2005-Oct  ...  30.203125         1\n",
              "4      Agiaon      2005-Oct  ...  29.296875         2\n",
              "...       ...           ...  ...        ...       ...\n",
              "2911  Ziradei          2010  ...  19.000000         2\n",
              "2912  Ziradei          2010  ...  11.601562         3\n",
              "2913  Ziradei          2015  ...  30.000000         1\n",
              "2914  Ziradei          2015  ...  25.500000         2\n",
              "2915  Ziradei          2015  ...  25.406250         3\n",
              "\n",
              "[2916 rows x 5 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 34
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "eHNVW1kvXjs4",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 423
        },
        "outputId": "d091fc90-2550-4f27-9fdc-27fa5a734e95"
      },
      "source": [
        "df_y = df_top3[(df_top3['Position']==3) & (df_top3['Votes %'] > 10)].groupby(['AC name'])['Election Year'].count().reset_index().rename(columns={\"Election Year\":\"Num_Winner_Change\"})\n",
        "df_y"
      ],
      "execution_count": 35,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-fab58ce8-58c4-4946-adb4-94227c8333fd\">\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "      <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
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              "\n",
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              "</style>\n",
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              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>AC name</th>\n",
              "      <th>Num_Winner_Change</th>\n",
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              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Agiaon</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alamnagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alauli</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alinagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Amarpur</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>223</th>\n",
              "      <td>Valmiki Nagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>224</th>\n",
              "      <td>Warisnagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>225</th>\n",
              "      <td>Warsaliganj</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>226</th>\n",
              "      <td>Wazirganj</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>227</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ziradei</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>228 rows × 2 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "      <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-fab58ce8-58c4-4946-adb4-94227c8333fd')\"\n",
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              "\n",
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              "          const element = document.querySelector('#df-fab58ce8-58c4-4946-adb4-94227c8333fd');\n",
              "          const dataTable =\n",
              "            await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
              "          if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "          const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "            '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
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              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "  "
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "           AC name  Num_Winner_Change\n",
              "0           Agiaon                  4\n",
              "1        Alamnagar                  3\n",
              "2           Alauli                  2\n",
              "3         Alinagar                  3\n",
              "4          Amarpur                  2\n",
              "..             ...                ...\n",
              "223  Valmiki Nagar                  4\n",
              "224     Warisnagar                  2\n",
              "225    Warsaliganj                  1\n",
              "226      Wazirganj                  3\n",
              "227        Ziradei                  3\n",
              "\n",
              "[228 rows x 2 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 35
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Ug67HSPAXjpy",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "a3109600-32c1-470b-9610-585ed991030f"
      },
      "source": [
        "tripolar_seats = df_y[df_y['Num_Winner_Change']==4]['AC name'].tolist()\n",
        "tripolar_seats"
      ],
      "execution_count": 36,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['Agiaon',\n",
              " 'Amnour',\n",
              " 'Arwal',\n",
              " 'Baisi',\n",
              " 'Bakhri',\n",
              " 'Balrampur',\n",
              " 'Banka',\n",
              " 'Chainpur',\n",
              " 'Darauli',\n",
              " 'Dehri',\n",
              " 'Harlakhi',\n",
              " 'Jagdishpur',\n",
              " 'Kadwa',\n",
              " 'Kanti',\n",
              " 'Karakat',\n",
              " 'Kargahar',\n",
              " 'Katihar',\n",
              " 'Lauriya',\n",
              " 'Nabinagar',\n",
              " 'Narkatiaganj',\n",
              " 'Pranpur',\n",
              " 'Ramgarh',\n",
              " 'Sheikhpura',\n",
              " 'Sheohar',\n",
              " 'Tarari',\n",
              " 'Ujiarpur',\n",
              " 'Valmiki Nagar']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 36
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "kg5AjBt0PWZ2"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### Task 6: Determine the stronghold party-seats. A stronghold seat is one that is won by the same party in all the elections."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_cleaned.head()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 206
        },
        "id": "GcL7x6XdzOLp",
        "outputId": "90f5099b-b2c9-447d-fe6c-c94046fcdeb7"
      },
      "execution_count": 37,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
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              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Election Year</th>\n",
              "      <th>Position</th>\n",
              "      <th>Name</th>\n",
              "      <th>Votes</th>\n",
              "      <th>Votes %</th>\n",
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              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Rajesh Singh</td>\n",
              "      <td>42289</td>\n",
              "      <td>29.40625</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Valmiki Nagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>14</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bhagirathi Devi</td>\n",
              "      <td>51993</td>\n",
              "      <td>41.50000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Ramnagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>31</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Satish Chandra Dubey</td>\n",
              "      <td>45022</td>\n",
              "      <td>38.09375</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Narkatiaganj</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
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              "      <td>Prabhat Ranjan Singh</td>\n",
              "      <td>67510</td>\n",
              "      <td>50.40625</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bagaha</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>73</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manorma Prasad</td>\n",
              "      <td>40894</td>\n",
              "      <td>36.50000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Nautan</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
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              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
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              "\n",
              "          const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "            '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
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              "  "
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "   Election Year  Position  ...        AC name  AC No\n",
              "0           2010         1  ...  Valmiki Nagar      1\n",
              "14          2010         1  ...       Ramnagar      2\n",
              "31          2010         1  ...   Narkatiaganj      3\n",
              "46          2010         1  ...         Bagaha      4\n",
              "73          2010         1  ...         Nautan      6\n",
              "\n",
              "[5 rows x 8 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 37
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_party_won = df_cleaned.groupby(['AC name', 'Party'])['Election Year'].count().reset_index().rename(columns={\"Election Year\":\"Times Won\"})\n",
        "df_party_won"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 423
        },
        "id": "sIdfVG-bzOIm",
        "outputId": "2be8f5b3-4a2e-44db-f06d-33ca1964a584"
      },
      "execution_count": 38,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-3828d366-54e8-434d-9c71-4872d8bf6c87\">\n",
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              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>AC name</th>\n",
              "      <th>Party</th>\n",
              "      <th>Times Won</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Agiaon</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Agiaon</td>\n",
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              "    </tr>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alamnagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alamnagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>566</th>\n",
              "      <td>Wazirganj</td>\n",
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              "      <th>570</th>\n",
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              "<p>571 rows × 3 columns</p>\n",
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              "            '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
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              "  "
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            "text/plain": [
              "       AC name                                              Party  Times Won\n",
              "0       Agiaon                              Bharatiya Janta Party          1\n",
              "1       Agiaon  Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (L...          2\n",
              "2       Agiaon                                Janata Dal (United)          1\n",
              "3    Alamnagar                                Janata Dal (United)          2\n",
              "4    Alamnagar                               Rashtriya Janata Dal          2\n",
              "..         ...                                                ...        ...\n",
              "566  Wazirganj                           Indian National Congress          1\n",
              "567  Wazirganj                               Rashtriya Janata Dal          2\n",
              "568    Ziradei                              Bharatiya Janta Party          1\n",
              "569    Ziradei                           Communist Party Of India          2\n",
              "570    Ziradei                                Janata Dal (United)          1\n",
              "\n",
              "[571 rows x 3 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 38
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_times_won = df_party_won.groupby(['AC name'])['Times Won'].max().reset_index()\n",
        "df_times_won"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
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        "id": "LoDdiko-zrhe",
        "outputId": "24edbc80-7754-481c-afc6-5e01612d6ca5"
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      "outputs": [
        {
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          "data": {
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              "\n",
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              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alinagar</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Amarpur</td>\n",
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              "      <th>238</th>\n",
              "      <td>Valmiki Nagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>239</th>\n",
              "      <td>Warisnagar</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Warsaliganj</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>242</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ziradei</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
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              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>243 rows × 2 columns</p>\n",
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            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "           AC name  Times Won\n",
              "0           Agiaon          2\n",
              "1        Alamnagar          2\n",
              "2           Alauli          2\n",
              "3         Alinagar          2\n",
              "4          Amarpur          2\n",
              "..             ...        ...\n",
              "238  Valmiki Nagar          2\n",
              "239     Warisnagar          4\n",
              "240    Warsaliganj          1\n",
              "241      Wazirganj          2\n",
              "242        Ziradei          2\n",
              "\n",
              "[243 rows x 2 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 39
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "stronghold_seats = df_times_won[df_times_won['Times Won']==4]['AC name'].tolist()\n",
        "stronghold_seats"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "g0V5YYb93RdB",
        "outputId": "abad8328-27cf-4c2b-a13d-e7fe9214d913"
      },
      "execution_count": 40,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['Belhar',\n",
              " 'Bettiah',\n",
              " 'Chanpatia',\n",
              " 'Dhauraiya',\n",
              " 'Gopalpur',\n",
              " 'Khagaria',\n",
              " 'Kurtha',\n",
              " 'Maharajganj',\n",
              " 'Nalanda',\n",
              " 'Nirmali',\n",
              " 'Parihar',\n",
              " 'Rajpur',\n",
              " 'Raxaul',\n",
              " 'Singheshwar',\n",
              " 'Siwan',\n",
              " 'Warisnagar']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 40
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "#### Task 7: Determine close contest constituencies. Close contest seats are those in which the top 2 finishers had a difference of less than 10% votes. Find seats in which there was a close contest in all the elections. If there is no such seat, then relax the criteria to 15%."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ZR_JZHqg4gIo"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_top2 = df.drop(df.index[df['Party'] == 'Independent'])\n",
        "df_top2 = df_top2.sort_values(['AC name','Election Year','Votes %'], ascending=False).groupby(['AC name','Election Year']).head(2).reset_index(drop=True)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "tEZoAZPJ4FjE"
      },
      "execution_count": 41,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_close_contest = df_top2[['Election Year','AC name', 'Votes %', 'Position']]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "R-heDmiU5sh5"
      },
      "execution_count": 42,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_close_contest['Votes % Diff'] = df_close_contest.groupby(['Election Year','AC name'])['Votes %'].diff()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "pyFAa36K5tkW",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "outputId": "5d3f8536-c672-4b2e-e2b7-873d864de369"
      },
      "execution_count": 43,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stderr",
          "text": [
            "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/ipykernel_launcher.py:1: SettingWithCopyWarning: \n",
            "A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.\n",
            "Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead\n",
            "\n",
            "See the caveats in the documentation: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/indexing.html#returning-a-view-versus-a-copy\n",
            "  \"\"\"Entry point for launching an IPython kernel.\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_close_contest = df_close_contest[abs(df_close_contest['Votes % Diff'])<10][['Election Year','AC name']]\n",
        "df_close_contest = df_close_contest.groupby(['AC name'])['Election Year'].count().reset_index().rename(columns={\"Election Year\":\"Num_CC\"})"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "2aGhcHA_6_jF"
      },
      "execution_count": 44,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_close_contest[df_close_contest['Num_CC']==4]['AC name'].tolist()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "jIA2hZHT9Av0",
        "outputId": "f17fd805-704a-4413-e832-b09cff2065fc"
      },
      "execution_count": 45,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['Bahadurganj',\n",
              " 'Banka',\n",
              " 'Bhagalpur',\n",
              " 'Dehri',\n",
              " 'Goh',\n",
              " 'Harlakhi',\n",
              " 'Jagdishpur',\n",
              " 'Karakat',\n",
              " 'Kargahar',\n",
              " 'Kasba',\n",
              " 'Keoti',\n",
              " 'Kurhani',\n",
              " 'Madhubani',\n",
              " 'Mohania',\n",
              " 'Nathnagar',\n",
              " 'Nawada',\n",
              " 'Parihar',\n",
              " 'Phulparas',\n",
              " 'Pirpainti',\n",
              " 'Pranpur',\n",
              " 'Ramgarh',\n",
              " 'Raxaul',\n",
              " 'Sitamarhi',\n",
              " 'Thakurganj',\n",
              " 'Ziradei']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 45
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "#### Task 8: Find the growing seats. For the top 8 parties at the state-level in the 2005-Feb Election, Determine the seats in which these parties have continuously increased their votes in the next 3 elections."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ZtEVk6X2Pxk2"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "yqq_IL4yUn5A"
      },
      "source": [
        "df_temp = df.copy(deep=True)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 46,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "aAt4wuxFUn5D"
      },
      "source": [
        "df_temp.drop(df_temp.index[df_temp['Party'] == 'Independent'], inplace=True)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 47,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "party_list = df_top8[df_top8['Election Year']=='2005-Feb']['Party'].tolist()\n",
        "party_list"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "o4N8ZUs7AQNm",
        "outputId": "2be3fb09-e6f5-4c4c-a5d7-822b68071a68"
      },
      "execution_count": 48,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['Rashtriya Janata Dal',\n",
              " 'Janata Dal (United)',\n",
              " 'Lok Jan Shakti Party',\n",
              " 'Bharatiya Janta Party',\n",
              " 'Indian National Congress',\n",
              " 'Bahujan Samaj Party',\n",
              " 'Samajwadi Party',\n",
              " 'Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (LIBERATION)']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 48
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_temp = df_temp[df_temp['Party'].isin(party_list)]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "3sXTnrQDWy0G"
      },
      "execution_count": 49,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_temp = df_temp.groupby(['AC name', 'Party', 'Election Year'])['Votes'].sum().reset_index()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "AcAheeIDU69O"
      },
      "execution_count": 50,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_temp.sort_values(['AC name', 'Party', 'Election Year'])"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 423
        },
        "id": "MYjMHPMbU669",
        "outputId": "dd9e7efe-3c81-4a09-f340-7d71999beb8b"
      },
      "execution_count": 51,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
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              "      <th></th>\n",
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              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>511</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Agiaon</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
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              "      <td>Lok Jan Shakti Party</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Ziradei</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>12555</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4352</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ziradei</td>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>2625</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4353</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ziradei</td>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>784</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4354</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ziradei</td>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>3162</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>4355 rows × 4 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
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              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
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              "  </div>\n",
              "  "
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "      AC name                  Party Election Year  Votes\n",
              "0      Agiaon    Bahujan Samaj Party      2005-Feb   2693\n",
              "1      Agiaon    Bahujan Samaj Party      2005-Oct   1297\n",
              "2      Agiaon    Bahujan Samaj Party          2010    511\n",
              "3      Agiaon    Bahujan Samaj Party          2015   1020\n",
              "4      Agiaon  Bharatiya Janta Party      2005-Feb  18435\n",
              "...       ...                    ...           ...    ...\n",
              "4350  Ziradei   Lok Jan Shakti Party      2005-Feb  39532\n",
              "4351  Ziradei   Rashtriya Janata Dal          2010  12555\n",
              "4352  Ziradei        Samajwadi Party      2005-Oct   2625\n",
              "4353  Ziradei        Samajwadi Party          2010    784\n",
              "4354  Ziradei        Samajwadi Party          2015   3162\n",
              "\n",
              "[4355 rows x 4 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 51
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_growing = df_temp.groupby(['Party', 'AC name'])['Votes'].is_monotonic_increasing.reset_index().rename(columns={\"Votes\":\"Growing?\"})\n",
        "df_growing"
      ],
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        "id": "18sJBD-OdF4d",
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      "execution_count": 52,
      "outputs": [
        {
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          "data": {
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              "\n",
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              "      <th>Party</th>\n",
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              "      <td>Alamnagar</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Alauli</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Alinagar</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Amarpur</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
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              "      <td>...</td>\n",
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              "      <th>1771</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1772</th>\n",
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              "      <td>Valmiki Nagar</td>\n",
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              "      <th>1773</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Warisnagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>False</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1774</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Wazirganj</td>\n",
              "      <td>False</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1775</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Ziradei</td>\n",
              "      <td>False</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>1776 rows × 3 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "      <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-957ef991-a676-4839-8ffb-785cce688761')\"\n",
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              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
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            "text/plain": [
              "                    Party        AC name  Growing?\n",
              "0     Bahujan Samaj Party         Agiaon     False\n",
              "1     Bahujan Samaj Party      Alamnagar     False\n",
              "2     Bahujan Samaj Party         Alauli     False\n",
              "3     Bahujan Samaj Party       Alinagar     False\n",
              "4     Bahujan Samaj Party        Amarpur     False\n",
              "...                   ...            ...       ...\n",
              "1771      Samajwadi Party       Vaishali     False\n",
              "1772      Samajwadi Party  Valmiki Nagar     False\n",
              "1773      Samajwadi Party     Warisnagar     False\n",
              "1774      Samajwadi Party      Wazirganj     False\n",
              "1775      Samajwadi Party        Ziradei     False\n",
              "\n",
              "[1776 rows x 3 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 52
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_growing[df_growing['Growing?']][['Party','AC name']].reset_index(drop=True)"
      ],
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        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 423
        },
        "id": "y5JauOOlBryW",
        "outputId": "bc4a95b5-0b9d-4d95-b6cc-d8e38b3dbd4c"
      },
      "execution_count": 53,
      "outputs": [
        {
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              "\n",
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              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
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              "      <th>Party</th>\n",
              "      <th>AC name</th>\n",
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              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
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              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Banka</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Banmankhi</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Barachatti</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Biharsharif</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Chainpur</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>978</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Singheshwar</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>979</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Sonbarsa</td>\n",
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              "      <th>980</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Sugauli</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>981</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Tarari</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>982</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Tikari</td>\n",
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              "  </tbody>\n",
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              "<p>983 rows × 2 columns</p>\n",
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              "          document.querySelector('#df-bce55baf-5d16-4574-b769-a94c00bfe5df button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "        buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "          google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "        async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "          const element = document.querySelector('#df-bce55baf-5d16-4574-b769-a94c00bfe5df');\n",
              "          const dataTable =\n",
              "            await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
              "          if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "          const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "            '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "            + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
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              "        }\n",
              "      </script>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "  "
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "                   Party      AC name\n",
              "0    Bahujan Samaj Party        Banka\n",
              "1    Bahujan Samaj Party    Banmankhi\n",
              "2    Bahujan Samaj Party   Barachatti\n",
              "3    Bahujan Samaj Party  Biharsharif\n",
              "4    Bahujan Samaj Party     Chainpur\n",
              "..                   ...          ...\n",
              "978      Samajwadi Party  Singheshwar\n",
              "979      Samajwadi Party     Sonbarsa\n",
              "980      Samajwadi Party      Sugauli\n",
              "981      Samajwadi Party       Tarari\n",
              "982      Samajwadi Party       Tikari\n",
              "\n",
              "[983 rows x 2 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 53
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "#### Task 9: Find the declining seats."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "g-9fBaq6i8I3"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_declining = df_temp.groupby(['Party', 'AC name'])['Votes'].is_monotonic_decreasing.reset_index().rename(columns={\"Votes\":\"Declining?\"})\n",
        "df_declining"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 423
        },
        "id": "Xq2MfJBudF1D",
        "outputId": "c25335b4-b5e2-474d-87ff-438091d39722"
      },
      "execution_count": 54,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-db74240b-09a6-4fe8-a957-6f09b6a61eb6\">\n",
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              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Party</th>\n",
              "      <th>AC name</th>\n",
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              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
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              "      <td>False</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Alamnagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>False</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Alauli</td>\n",
              "      <td>False</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Alinagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>False</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Amarpur</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1771</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Vaishali</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1772</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Valmiki Nagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>False</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1773</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Warisnagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1774</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Wazirganj</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1775</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Ziradei</td>\n",
              "      <td>False</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>1776 rows × 3 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
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              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
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              "\n",
              "          const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "            '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
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              "  "
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "                    Party        AC name  Declining?\n",
              "0     Bahujan Samaj Party         Agiaon       False\n",
              "1     Bahujan Samaj Party      Alamnagar       False\n",
              "2     Bahujan Samaj Party         Alauli       False\n",
              "3     Bahujan Samaj Party       Alinagar       False\n",
              "4     Bahujan Samaj Party        Amarpur        True\n",
              "...                   ...            ...         ...\n",
              "1771      Samajwadi Party       Vaishali        True\n",
              "1772      Samajwadi Party  Valmiki Nagar       False\n",
              "1773      Samajwadi Party     Warisnagar        True\n",
              "1774      Samajwadi Party      Wazirganj        True\n",
              "1775      Samajwadi Party        Ziradei       False\n",
              "\n",
              "[1776 rows x 3 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 54
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_declining[df_declining['Declining?']][['Party','AC name']].reset_index(drop=True)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 423
        },
        "id": "Rp4C97xtCoEr",
        "outputId": "73761238-e342-4ccd-8352-8f30b54d314b"
      },
      "execution_count": 55,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-0be95a6c-1d90-4433-8a4c-6f0e0e6d2f29\">\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
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              "\n",
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              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
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              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Party</th>\n",
              "      <th>AC name</th>\n",
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              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Amarpur</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Arrah</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bahadurganj</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bahadurpur</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Barari</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>693</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Tarari</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>694</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Tikari</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>695</th>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>696</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Warisnagar</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>697</th>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>Wazirganj</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>698 rows × 2 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
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              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
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              "  "
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "                   Party      AC name\n",
              "0    Bahujan Samaj Party      Amarpur\n",
              "1    Bahujan Samaj Party        Arrah\n",
              "2    Bahujan Samaj Party  Bahadurganj\n",
              "3    Bahujan Samaj Party   Bahadurpur\n",
              "4    Bahujan Samaj Party       Barari\n",
              "..                   ...          ...\n",
              "693      Samajwadi Party       Tarari\n",
              "694      Samajwadi Party       Tikari\n",
              "695      Samajwadi Party     Vaishali\n",
              "696      Samajwadi Party   Warisnagar\n",
              "697      Samajwadi Party    Wazirganj\n",
              "\n",
              "[698 rows x 2 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 55
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "#### Task 10: Determine the state-winner-match constituencies. Find the seats which have always elected the party that has gone on to win the state election (most votes secured at state). So if the RJD won at the state level in 2010, then seats which voted an RJD candidate as winner are considered in this category. This criteria for a seat has to be matched for each election."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "7YYN9-duj1RD"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_x = df.copy(deep=True)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "UNBmN5lFi72N"
      },
      "execution_count": 56,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_x = df_x[df_x['Position']==1][['Election Year', 'AC name', 'AC No', 'Party']]\n",
        "df_x"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 423
        },
        "id": "TlFg-MDWeCYz",
        "outputId": "17bc3d4c-5020-45c6-b8ad-c3e42b8d93e0"
      },
      "execution_count": 57,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
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              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
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              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Election Year</th>\n",
              "      <th>AC name</th>\n",
              "      <th>AC No</th>\n",
              "      <th>Party</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Valmiki Nagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>14</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Ramnagar</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>31</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Narkatiaganj</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>46</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bagaha</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>61</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lauriya</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>Independent</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>12242</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Warsaliganj</td>\n",
              "      <td>239</td>\n",
              "      <td>Independent</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>12261</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Sikandra</td>\n",
              "      <td>240</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>12271</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Jamui</td>\n",
              "      <td>241</td>\n",
              "      <td>Independent</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>12280</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Jhajha</td>\n",
              "      <td>242</td>\n",
              "      <td>Independent</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>12294</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Chakai</td>\n",
              "      <td>243</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>972 rows × 4 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "      <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-c697250e-3c5c-40cf-88a4-1668ed848042')\"\n",
              "              title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
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              "  </svg>\n",
              "      </button>\n",
              "      \n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
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              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
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              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
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              "\n",
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              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "      <script>\n",
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              "        buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "          google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "        async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "          const element = document.querySelector('#df-c697250e-3c5c-40cf-88a4-1668ed848042');\n",
              "          const dataTable =\n",
              "            await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
              "          if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "          const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "            '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "            + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "          element.innerHTML = '';\n",
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              "        }\n",
              "      </script>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "  "
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "      Election Year        AC name  AC No                  Party\n",
              "0              2010  Valmiki Nagar      1    Janata Dal (United)\n",
              "14             2010       Ramnagar      2  Bharatiya Janta Party\n",
              "31             2010   Narkatiaganj      3  Bharatiya Janta Party\n",
              "46             2010         Bagaha      4    Janata Dal (United)\n",
              "61             2010        Lauriya      5            Independent\n",
              "...             ...            ...    ...                    ...\n",
              "12242      2005-Oct    Warsaliganj    239            Independent\n",
              "12261      2005-Oct       Sikandra    240  Bharatiya Janta Party\n",
              "12271      2005-Oct          Jamui    241            Independent\n",
              "12280      2005-Oct         Jhajha    242            Independent\n",
              "12294      2005-Oct         Chakai    243  Bharatiya Janta Party\n",
              "\n",
              "[972 rows x 4 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 57
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_win2"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "OCcwVOJcokhB",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 1000
        },
        "outputId": "a1c9f507-a59f-4622-cceb-346e916dff7c"
      },
      "execution_count": 58,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-9b7844da-3a3e-4c17-a350-301f4406bb9d\">\n",
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              "      <div>\n",
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              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
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              "\n",
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              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
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              "\n",
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              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Election Year</th>\n",
              "      <th>Party</th>\n",
              "      <th>Seats Won</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>36</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td>80</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>34</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>71</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>30</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>53</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>33</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Indian National Congress</td>\n",
              "      <td>27</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>31</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Communist Party Of India (Marxist-Leninist) (L...</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>35</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lok Jan Shakti Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>37</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Lok Samta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>32</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>26</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>115</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>23</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>91</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>29</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td>22</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>25</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Indian National Congress</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>28</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lok Jan Shakti Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>24</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Communist Party Of India</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>27</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Jharkhand Mukti Morcha</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>18</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>88</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>55</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>21</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td>54</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>19</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lok Jan Shakti Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>10</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>17</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Indian National Congress</td>\n",
              "      <td>9</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (L...</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>12</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>14</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Communist Party Of India</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>22</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>11</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Akhil Jan Vikas Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>15</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Communist Party Of India (MARXIST)</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>20</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Oct</td>\n",
              "      <td>Nationalist Congress Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td>75</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>55</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bharatiya Janta Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>37</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lok Jan Shakti Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>29</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Indian National Congress</td>\n",
              "      <td>10</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (L...</td>\n",
              "      <td>7</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>10</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Samajwadi Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Communist Party Of India</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Nationalist Congress Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Bahujan Samaj Party</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
              "      <td>Communist Party Of India (MARXIST)</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
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              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
              "          if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "          const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "            '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "            + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "          element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "          dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "          await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "          const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "          docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "          element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "        }\n",
              "      </script>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "  "
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "   Election Year                                              Party  Seats Won\n",
              "36          2015                               Rashtriya Janata Dal         80\n",
              "34          2015                                Janata Dal (United)         71\n",
              "30          2015                              Bharatiya Janta Party         53\n",
              "33          2015                           Indian National Congress         27\n",
              "31          2015  Communist Party Of India (Marxist-Leninist) (L...          3\n",
              "35          2015                               Lok Jan Shakti Party          2\n",
              "37          2015                          Rashtriya Lok Samta Party          2\n",
              "32          2015                   Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)          1\n",
              "26          2010                                Janata Dal (United)        115\n",
              "23          2010                              Bharatiya Janta Party         91\n",
              "29          2010                               Rashtriya Janata Dal         22\n",
              "25          2010                           Indian National Congress          4\n",
              "28          2010                               Lok Jan Shakti Party          3\n",
              "24          2010                           Communist Party Of India          1\n",
              "27          2010                             Jharkhand Mukti Morcha          1\n",
              "18      2005-Oct                                Janata Dal (United)         88\n",
              "13      2005-Oct                              Bharatiya Janta Party         55\n",
              "21      2005-Oct                               Rashtriya Janata Dal         54\n",
              "19      2005-Oct                               Lok Jan Shakti Party         10\n",
              "17      2005-Oct                           Indian National Congress          9\n",
              "16      2005-Oct  Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (L...          5\n",
              "12      2005-Oct                                Bahujan Samaj Party          4\n",
              "14      2005-Oct                           Communist Party Of India          3\n",
              "22      2005-Oct                                    Samajwadi Party          2\n",
              "11      2005-Oct                                Akhil Jan Vikas Dal          1\n",
              "15      2005-Oct                 Communist Party Of India (MARXIST)          1\n",
              "20      2005-Oct                         Nationalist Congress Party          1\n",
              "9       2005-Feb                               Rashtriya Janata Dal         75\n",
              "6       2005-Feb                                Janata Dal (United)         55\n",
              "1       2005-Feb                              Bharatiya Janta Party         37\n",
              "7       2005-Feb                               Lok Jan Shakti Party         29\n",
              "5       2005-Feb                           Indian National Congress         10\n",
              "4       2005-Feb  Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (L...          7\n",
              "10      2005-Feb                                    Samajwadi Party          4\n",
              "2       2005-Feb                           Communist Party Of India          3\n",
              "8       2005-Feb                         Nationalist Congress Party          3\n",
              "0       2005-Feb                                Bahujan Samaj Party          2\n",
              "3       2005-Feb                 Communist Party Of India (MARXIST)          1"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 58
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_winners = df_win2.loc[df_win2.groupby(['Election Year'])['Seats Won'].idxmax()].reset_index(drop=True)[['Election Year', 'Party', 'Seats Won']]\n",
        "df_winners"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 174
        },
        "id": "GzzzxPkgFDiY",
        "outputId": "3f736da4-5e06-46b9-880a-d4429e0e1d2c"
      },
      "execution_count": 59,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
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              "    <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "      <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
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              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Election Year</th>\n",
              "      <th>Party</th>\n",
              "      <th>Seats Won</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
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              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>2005-Feb</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>Janata Dal (United)</td>\n",
              "      <td>115</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>Rashtriya Janata Dal</td>\n",
              "      <td>80</td>\n",
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              "                                                     [key], {});\n",
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              "\n",
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              "            + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
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            "text/plain": [
              "  Election Year                 Party  Seats Won\n",
              "0      2005-Feb  Rashtriya Janata Dal         75\n",
              "1      2005-Oct   Janata Dal (United)         88\n",
              "2          2010   Janata Dal (United)        115\n",
              "3          2015  Rashtriya Janata Dal         80"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 59
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "class color:\n",
        "   BOLD = '\\033[1m'\n",
        "   END = '\\033[0m'"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "iU5KibdOHbQH"
      },
      "execution_count": 60,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "full_set = set((''))\n",
        "for index, row in df_winners.iterrows():\n",
        "  set_temp = set(df_x[(df_x['Election Year']==row[0]) & (df_x['Party']==row[1])]['AC name'])\n",
        "  print(color.BOLD + f\"Constituencies who voted for the winner {row[1]} in {row[0]}:\" + color.END)\n",
        "  print(set_temp, len(set_temp))\n",
        "  if len(full_set)==0:\n",
        "    full_set = set_temp\n",
        "  else:\n",
        "    full_set.intersection_update(set_temp)\n",
        "\n",
        "print(color.BOLD + \"Constituencies who voted for the winning party in all elections:\" + color.END)\n",
        "if(len(full_set)):\n",
        "  print(full_set)\n",
        "else:\n",
        "  print(\"None\")"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "pTH1DS4T6al1",
        "outputId": "41648e29-d933-4db3-fb45-4e44d8ca7549"
      },
      "execution_count": 61,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "\u001b[1mConstituencies who voted for the winner Rashtriya Janata Dal in 2005-Feb:\u001b[0m\n",
            "{'Makhdumpur', 'Jokihat', 'Katoria', 'Fatuha', 'Raghopur', 'Hisua', 'Kochadhaman', 'Gaighat', 'Kesaria', 'Pranpur', 'Bihariganj', 'Gora Bauram', 'Katihar', 'Bachhwara', 'Sahebpur Kamal', 'Barhara', 'Parbatta', 'Barbigha', 'Rajauli', 'Thakurganj', 'Keoti', 'Bochaha', 'Wazirganj', 'Supaul', 'Valmiki Nagar', 'Sandesh', 'Jale', 'Kurhani', 'Pirpainti', 'Bhagalpur', 'Kutumba', 'Sikandra', 'Ghosi', 'Nokha', 'Bajpatti', 'Triveniganj', 'Benipatti', 'Kalyanpur', 'Sakra', 'Kadwa', 'Runisaidpur', 'Bakhri', 'Bihpur', 'Baruraj', 'Sursand', 'Gobindpur', 'Rupauli', 'Dinara', 'Nawada', 'Sultanganj', 'Bodh Gaya', 'Sheikhpura', 'Manjhi', 'Mohiuddinnagar', 'Kuchaikote', 'Baniapur', 'Karakat', 'Dehri', 'Dhamdaha', 'Alamnagar', 'Mahishi', 'Bhorey', 'Bahadurpur', 'Banka', 'Barhampur', 'Sasaram', 'Nabinagar', 'Sheohar', 'Imamganj', 'Buxar', 'Barauli', 'Darbhanga Rural', 'Narpatganj', 'Sugauli', 'Morwa'} 75\n",
            "\u001b[1mConstituencies who voted for the winner Janata Dal (United) in 2005-Oct:\u001b[0m\n",
            "{'Rajnagar', 'Lakhisarai', 'Aurangabad', 'Katoria', 'Ekma', 'Baisi', 'Barbigha', 'Kurhani', 'Nokha', 'Harsidhi', 'Benipatti', 'Kalyanpur 2', 'Sikta', 'Riga', 'Manjhi', 'Kasba', 'Nautan', 'Asthawan', 'Belhar', 'Amour', 'Hisua', 'Kochadhaman', 'Patna Sahib', 'Jagdishpur', 'Barh', 'Supaul', 'Gopalpur', 'Ramnagar', 'Khagaria', 'Benipur', 'Dhauraiya', 'Kadwa', 'Goriakothi', 'Chiraia', 'Nalanda', 'Barachatti', 'Sultanganj', 'Taraiya', 'Alauli', 'Baniapur', 'Mohania', 'Sasaram', 'Babubarhi', 'Kanti', 'Danapur', 'Nirmali', 'Katihar', 'Madhubani', 'Sonepur', 'Garkha', 'Tarapur', 'Munger', 'Bahadurganj', 'Hilsa', 'Barharia', 'Digha', 'Kurtha', 'Kalyanpur', 'Warisnagar', 'Kahalgaon', 'Madhepura', 'Amnour', 'Bakhtiarpur', 'Mahishi', 'Sikti', 'Gurua', 'Bisfi', 'Purnia', 'Kumhrarh', 'Darbhanga Rural', 'Singheshwar', 'Suryagarha', 'Hajipur', 'Rajpur', 'Parbatta', 'Maner', 'Gaya Town', 'Goh', 'Kishanganj', 'Atri', 'Bankipur', 'Chapra', 'Bhabua', 'Islampur', 'Mokama', 'Maharajganj', 'Bhorey', 'Khajauli'} 88\n",
            "\u001b[1mConstituencies who voted for the winner Janata Dal (United) in 2010:\u001b[0m\n",
            "{'Sahebganj', 'Ekma', 'Pipra', 'Barbigha', 'Manihari', 'Bochaha', 'Masaurhi', 'Kurhani', 'Hathua', 'Jhanjharpur', 'Bajpatti', 'Minapur', 'Simri Bakhtiarpur', 'Mahua', 'Kalyanpur 2', 'Dinara', 'Nawada', 'Manjhi', 'Sherghati', 'Pipra 2', 'Nautan', 'Asthawan', 'Bahadurpur', 'Belhar', 'Narkatia', 'Morwa', 'Phulwari', 'Gora Bauram', 'Baikunthpur', 'Bihariganj', 'Madhuban', 'Barh', 'Laukaha', 'Supaul', 'Bibhutipur', 'Gopalpur', 'Beldaur', 'Jhajha', 'Parsa', 'Khagaria', 'Dhauraiya', 'Triveniganj', 'Kargahar', 'Sakra', 'Runisaidpur', 'Sonbarsa', 'Nalanda', 'Sursand', 'Rupauli', 'Barachatti', 'Sultanganj', 'Alauli', 'Jahanabad', 'Kuchaikote', 'Karakat', 'Chenari', 'Mohania', 'Imamganj', 'Harlakhi', 'Raghopur', 'Kanti', 'Govindganj', 'Sikandra', 'Makhdumpur', 'Bagaha', 'Nirmali', 'Sahebpur Kamal', 'Belsand', 'Tarapur', 'Munger', 'Hilsa', 'Daraundha', 'Chhatapur', 'Barharia', 'Digha', 'Kurtha', 'Kalyanpur', 'Warisnagar', 'Vaishali', 'Rafiganj', 'Amnour', 'Dhamdaha', 'Alamnagar', 'Sheohar', 'Warsaliganj', 'Jamui', 'Hasanpur', 'Tarari', 'Singheshwar', 'Jokihat', 'Lalganj', 'Raja Pakar', 'Sarairanjan', 'Rajpur', 'Valmiki Nagar', 'Nathnagar', 'Ghosi', 'Harnaut', 'Dumraon', 'Amarpur', 'Cheria Bariarpur', 'Goh', 'Gobindpur', 'Atri', 'Sheikhpura', 'Islampur', 'Mokama', 'Biharsharif', 'Maharajganj', 'Jamalpur', 'Nabinagar', 'Tikari', 'Matihani', 'Phulparas', 'Kutumba'} 115\n",
            "\u001b[1mConstituencies who voted for the winner Rashtriya Janata Dal in 2015:\u001b[0m\n",
            "{'Arrah', 'Katoria', 'Sahebganj', 'Baisi', 'Keoti', 'Bochaha', 'Masaurhi', 'Bikram', 'Jhanjharpur', 'Nokha', 'Harsidhi', 'Minapur', 'Barari', 'Nawada', 'Pipra 2', 'Dehri', 'Bahadurpur', 'Narkatia', 'Narpatganj', 'Begusarai', 'Kesaria', 'Marhaura', 'Jagdishpur', 'Obra', 'Aurai', 'Sandesh', 'Pirpainti', 'Parsa', 'Sakra', 'Runisaidpur', 'Goriakothi', 'Sursand', 'Barachatti', 'Patepur', 'Taraiya', 'Mohiuddinnagar', 'Alauli', 'Jahanabad', 'Baniapur', 'Karakat', 'Raghunathpur', 'Sasaram', 'Ujiarpur', 'Raghopur', 'Saharsa', 'Makhdumpur', 'Sitamarhi', 'Sahebpur Kamal', 'Madhubani', 'Sonepur', 'Paliganj', 'Garkha', 'Munger', 'Teghra', 'Hilsa', 'Barharia', 'Madhepura', 'Arwal', 'Manhar', 'Bodh Gaya', 'Chakai', 'Mahishi', 'Alinagar', 'Barhampur', 'Jamui', 'Darbhanga Rural', 'Suryagarha', 'Fatuha', 'Gaighat', 'Raja Pakar', 'Rajauli', 'Samastipur', 'Maner', 'Bakhri', 'Dhaka', 'Atri', 'Biharsharif', 'Khajauli', 'Shahpur', 'Barauli'} 80\n",
            "\u001b[1mConstituencies who voted for the winning party in all elections:\u001b[0m\n",
            "None\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        ""
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "4yZHW9TuGaRw"
      },
      "execution_count": 61,
      "outputs": []
    }
  ]
}