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Diamond-2-Hardhat Implementation (Ethers v6 Version)

Original Version by Nick Mudge

This is a gas-optimized reference implementation for EIP-2535 Diamonds. To learn about other implementations go here: https://github.com/mudgen/diamond

This implementation uses Hardhat and Solidity 0.8.18

Specifically this is a gas efficient implementation of the diamondCut function. Adding/replacing/removing is optimized to take the least gas.

Note: The loupe functions in DiamondLoupeFacet.sol MUST be added to a diamond and are required by the EIP-2535 Diamonds standard.

The loupe functions are NOT gas optimized. In this implementation the facets, facetFunctionSelectors, facetAddresses loupe functions are not meant to be called on-chain and may use too much gas or run out of gas when called in on-chain transactions. In this implementation these functions should be called by off-chain software like websites and Javascript libraries etc., where gas costs do not matter.

Installation

  1. Clone this repo:
git clone git@github.com:jhubbardsf/diamond-2-hardhat-v6.git
  1. Install NPM packages:
cd diamond-2-hardhat-v6
pnpm install

Deployment

pnpx hardhat run scripts/deploy.ts

How the scripts/deploy.ts script works

  1. DiamondCutFacet is deployed.
  2. The diamond is deployed, passing as arguments to the diamond constructor the owner address of the diamond and the DiamondCutFacet address. DiamondCutFacet has the diamondCut external function which is used to upgrade the diamond to add more functions.
  3. The DiamondInit contract is deployed. This contains an init function which is called on the first diamond upgrade to initialize state of some state variables. Information on how the diamondCut function works is here: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2535#diamond-interface
  4. Facets are deployed.
  5. The diamond is upgraded. The diamondCut function is used to add functions from facets to the diamond. In addition the diamondCut function calls the init function from the DiamondInit contract using delegatecall to initialize state variables.

How a diamond is deployed is not part of the EIP-2535 Diamonds standard. This implementation shows a usable example.

Run tests:

npx hardhat test

Upgrade a diamond

Check the scripts/deploy.ts and or the test/diamondTest.ts file for examples of upgrades.

Note that upgrade functionality is optional. It is possible to deploy a diamond that can't be upgraded, which is a 'Single Cut Diamond'. It is also possible to deploy an upgradeable diamond and at a later date remove its diamondCut function so it can't be upgraded any more.

Note that any number of functions from any number of facets can be added/replaced/removed on a diamond in a single transaction. In addition an initialization function can be executed in the same transaction as an upgrade to initialize any state variables required for an upgrade. This 'everything done in a single transaction' capability ensures a diamond maintains a correct and consistent state during upgrades.

Facet Information

Note: In this implementation the loupe functions are NOT gas optimized. The facets, facetFunctionSelectors, facetAddresses loupe functions are not meant to be called on-chain and may use too much gas or run out of gas when called in on-chain transactions. In this implementation these functions should be called by off-chain software like websites and Javascript libraries etc., where gas costs do not matter.

However the facetAddress loupe function is gas efficient and can be called in on-chain transactions.

The contracts/Diamond.sol file shows an example of implementing a diamond.

The contracts/facets/DiamondCutFacet.sol file shows how to implement the diamondCut external function.

The contracts/facets/DiamondLoupeFacet.sol file shows how to implement the four standard loupe functions.

The contracts/libraries/LibDiamond.sol file shows how to implement Diamond Storage and a diamondCut internal function.

The scripts/deploy.ts file shows how to deploy a diamond.

The test/diamondTest.ts file gives tests for the diamondCut function and the Diamond Loupe functions.

How to Get Started Making Your Diamond

  1. Reading and understand EIP-2535 Diamonds. If something is unclear let me know!

  2. Use a diamond reference implementation. You are at the right place because this is the README for a diamond reference implementation.

This diamond implementation is boilerplate code that makes a diamond compliant with EIP-2535 Diamonds.

Specifically you can copy and use the DiamondCutFacet.sol and DiamondLoupeFacet.sol contracts. They implement the diamondCut function and the loupe functions.

The Diamond.sol contract could be used as is, or it could be used as a starting point and customized. This contract is the diamond. Its deployment creates a diamond. It's address is a stable diamond address that does not change.

The LibDiamond.sol library could be used as is. It shows how to implement Diamond Storage. This contract includes contract ownership which you might want to change if you want to implement DAO-based ownership or other form of contract ownership. Go for it. Diamonds can work with any kind of contract ownership strategy. This library contains an internal function version of diamondCut that can be used in the constructor of a diamond or other places.

Calling Diamond Functions

In order to call a function that exists in a diamond you need to use the ABI information of the facet that has the function.

Here is an example that uses web3.ts:

let myUsefulFacet = new web3.eth.Contract(MyUsefulFacet.abi, diamondAddress);

In the code above we create a contract variable so we can call contract functions with it.

In this example we know we will use a diamond because we pass a diamond's address as the second argument. But we are using an ABI from the MyUsefulFacet facet so we can call functions that are defined in that facet. MyUsefulFacet's functions must have been added to the diamond (using diamondCut) in order for the diamond to use the function information provided by the ABI of course.

Similarly you need to use the ABI of a facet in Solidity code in order to call functions from a diamond. Here's an example of Solidity code that calls a function from a diamond:

string result = MyUsefulFacet(address(diamondContract)).getResult()

Get Help and Join the Community

If you need help or would like to discuss diamonds then send me a message on twitter, or email me. Or join the EIP-2535 Diamonds Discord server.

Useful Links

  1. Introduction to the Diamond Standard, EIP-2535 Diamonds
  2. EIP-2535 Diamonds
  3. Understanding Diamonds on Ethereum
  4. Solidity Storage Layout For Proxy Contracts and Diamonds
  5. New Storage Layout For Proxy Contracts and Diamonds
  6. Upgradeable smart contracts using the Diamond Standard
  7. buidler-deploy supports diamonds

Author

This example implementation was written by Nick Mudge and modified by Josh Hubbard.

Contact:

License

MIT license. See the license file. Anyone can use or modify this software for their purposes.