Oxford Phrasal Academic Lexicon.txt

a (little) bit more about
a (whole) range of
a (whole) series of
a better understanding of
a bit like
a certain amount of
a change in
a combination of
a function of
a group of
a high degree of
a high level of
a kind of
a large number of
a little bit (of)
a little bit about
a measure of
a number of
a number of different
a sense of
a series of
a small number of
a sort of
a variety of
a very important
a way of
a/the reduction in
a/the type of
ability
abnormal
abnormality
above
above
absence
absent
absolute
academic
academic
accept
acceptable
acceptance
access
access
accessible
according to
according to
accordingly
account
account
accountability
accumulate
accumulation
accuracy
accurate
accurately
achieve
achievement
acknowledge
acquire
acquisition
act
act
action
active
actively
activity
actual
actually
adapt
adaptation
adaptive
add
addition
additional
additionally
address
adequate
adequately
adjust
adjustment
administer
administration
administrative
adopt
adult
adult
advantage
affect
again
age
agenda
agent
agreement
agricultural
aim
aim
all kinds of
all right
all right so
all sorts
all sorts of
allow
almost
already
also
alter
alteration
alternative
alternative
alternatively
although
among
amount
amount
an awful lot of
an example of
an idea of
an impact on
an important role in
an important role to play in
an integral part of
an understanding of
an/the increase in
analyse
analysis
analyst
analytical
and all the rest of it
and so on
and so on (and so forth)
and things like that
(and) you can see that
animal
annual
answer
answer
anxiety
apparent
appear
appears to be
applicable
application
apply
approach
appropriate
appropriately
approximately
approximation
are based on
are there any questions?
(are) less likely to
area
arguably
argue
argue(s) that
argument
arise
arrangement
article
as a result (of)
as a whole
as follows
as i said
as i say
as in
as in the case of
as it were
as opposed to
as part of
as shown in
as to
as we have seen
as we shall see
as well
as well as
as you can see
as you know
(as) a consequence of
(as) a form of
(as) a means of
(as) a source of
(as) a way of
(as/is) a function of
aspect
aspect(s) of
assert
assertion
assess
assessment
assign
associate
associated
association
association between
assume
assume that
assumption
at that point
at the beginning of
at the beginning/start (of)
at the bottom of
at the end (of)
at the expense of
at the heart of
at the level of
at the same time
at the top of
at this point
at this stage
attack
attack
attempt
attempt
attention
attitude
attribute
attribute
author
authority
availability
available
average
average
average
avoid
aware
awareness
back to that
background
balance
balance
barrier
base
base
based
based on the assumption that
basic
basically
basis
basis for
be expected to
be looking at
(be) due to the fact that
(be) regarded as
(be/is) due to
because
because of
become
been talking about
begin
beginning
behave
behaviour
belief
below
below
beneficial
beneficiary
benefit
benefit
between
beyond
beyond
beyond the scope of (this book/article/chapter)
bias
bias
body
briefly
broad
broadly
burden
but in fact
by a factor of
by means of
by the end of
by the way
(by/from) the fact that
(by/with) the use of
call
can
can be applied to
can be described/explained in terms of
can be found in
can be seen (as/in)
can be used to
(can) be thought of as
can/may lead to
capability
capable
capacity
care
case
categorize
category
causal
causation
cause
cause
caused by
central
centralize
centre
centre
century
certain
certainty
chain
challenge
challenge
change
change
channel
character
characteristic
characteristic
characteristics of
characterization
characterize
characterized by
choice
choose
circumstance
cite
claim
claim
claim that
class
classic
classic
classical
classification
classify
clear
clearly
climate
closely
code
code
column
combination
combine
come back to (that)
commercial
commit
commitment
common
commonly
communicate
communication
community
comparable
comparative
compare
compared with/to
comparison
compete
competition
completely
complex
complex
complexity
component
composition
comprehensive
comprise
conceive
concentrate
concept
conception
conceptual
conceptualize
concern
concern
concerned with
conclude
conclusion
condition
conditional
conduct
conduct
confirm
conflict
conflict
connect
connection
consensus
consent
consequence
consequently
conservation
conservative
conserve
consider
considerable
considerably
consideration
considered to be
consist
consistency
consistent
consistent with
consistently
constant
constant
constitute
constrain
constraint
construct
construct
construction
constructive
consume
consumption
contact
contain
contemporary
contemporary
content
context
continuity
continuous
contrast
contrast
contribute
contribution
control
control
convention
conventional
conversion
convert
cooperation
cooperative
coordinate
coordinate
coordination
core
correct
correction
correctly
correlate
correlation
correspond
corresponding
corresponding to
country
course
coverage
create
creation
creative
criterion
critical
critically
criticize
crucial
cultural
culturally
culture
cumulative
current
current
currently
cycle
data
data on
deal
debate
decade
decision
decline
decline
decrease
decrease
define
definition
degree
demand
demonstrate
denote
department
depend
depend(s) on
dependence
dependent
dependent on
derive
derived from
describe
description
descriptive
design
design
desirable
desire
desire
destroy
detail
detailed
determinant
determination
determine
determined by
develop
developed
development
deviation
device
diagram
differ
difference
difference(s) in
different
different from
different types of
differentiate
differentiation
differently
difficult
difficulty
digital
dimension
direct
direct
direction
directly
disadvantage
disadvantage
discipline
discover
discrimination
discuss
discussion
distance
distinct
distinction
distinctive
distinguish
distribute
distribution
diverse
diversity
divide
division
document
document
does not appear to be
domain
dominance
dominant
dominate
donor
draw
due
duration
during
duty
dynamic
dynamic
early
easily
ecological
economic
economically
education
educational
effect
effective
effectively
effectiveness
efficacy
efficiency
efficient
efficiently
effort
element
elements of
elevate
eliminate
elsewhere
emerge
emergence
emotional
emphasis
emphasize
empirical
empirically
employ
empower
enable
encode
encounter
encounter
encourage
end
end
energy
engage
enhance
ensure
enter
entirely
entity
entry
environment
environmental
equal
equal
equal
equally
equivalence
equivalent
equivalent
error
especially
essence
essential
essentially
establish
establishment
estimate
estimate
estimation
et al
et cetera (et cetera)
ethic
ethical
ethnic
ethnicity
evaluate
evaluation
(even) in the absence of (any)
event
evidence
evidence of/that/for
evident
evolution
evolutionary
evolve
exactly
exam
examination
examine
example
exceed
exception
excess
excessive
exchange
exclude
exclusion
exclusive
exclusively
exemplify
exercise
exercise
exist
existence
expand
expansion
expect
expectation
experience
experience
experiment
experimental
expert
expert
expertise
explain
explanation
explanatory
explicit
explicitly
exploit
exploitation
exploration
explore
expose
express
expression
extend
extension
extensive
extent
external
extreme
extreme
extremely
facilitate
facility
fact
factor
fail
failure
fairly
familiar
famous
favour
favourable
feature
feature
feature(s) of
federal
female
female
field
final
finally
financial
find
finding
first of all
flexibility
flexible
flow
flow
focus
focus
focus on
following
following
for a long time
for a number of reasons
for example
for instance
for the moment
for the purpose(s) of
for those of you
force
force
foreign
form
form
formal
formation
formula
formulate
formulation
found that
framework
free
frequent
frequently
from the perspective of
from the point of view of
fully
function
function
functional
fund
fund
fundamental
fundamentally
funding
further
furthermore
future
future
gain
gain
gap
gender
general
general
generalization
generalize
generally
generate
generation
geographical
give rise to
given
global
go back to (that)
go on to
goal
going to be talking about
going to give you an example
going to go into
going to go through
going to look at
going to say
going to show you
going to talk about
(going to) come to
govern
government
governmental
greater than
group
group
grow
growth
guess
guess
guidance
handout
happen
harm
harmful
has/have been shown to (be)
has/have the potential to
have a significant impact on
have shown that
have to look at
he or she
held that
hence
here
here we have
hierarchical
hierarchy
high
high levels of
higher than
highlight
highly
his or her
historically
history
hopefully
horizontal
however
huge
human
human
hypothesis
hypothesize
hypothetical
i (just) want to
i suppose
i think (that)
i want to talk about/look at/say
i was going to/we are going to 
i was talking about
i would like to
i would say
idea
ideal
ideal
ideally
identical
identification
identify
identity
if and only if
if you like
if you remember
if you think about (it)
if you think about it
if you/we look at
illustrate
image
immediate
impact
impact
implement
implementation
implicit
implicitly
imply
importance
important
importantly
impose
improve
improvement
in a minute
in a moment
in a number of ways
in a sense
in a variety of ways
in a way
in a way that
in accordance with
in addition
in contrast
in contrast to
in fact
in front of you
in general
in much the same way (as)
in order to
in other words
in part
in particular
in question
in recent years
in relation to
in respect of
in response to
in so far as
in some cases
in some way
in some ways
in spite of the fact that
in such a way
in such a way (that)
in terms of
in the area of
in the case of
in the course of
in the event of
in the field of
in the first place
in the form of
in the future
in the light of
in the literature
in the next section
in the past
in the presence of
in the previous section
in the process of
in the range of
in the same way
in the same way (as/that)
in the sense (that)
in the sense that/of
in the study
in the study of
in the way that
in this case
in this chapter
in this course
in this study
in this way
in this/that case
in this/that way
in turn
(in) a (wide) variety of
(in) a/the (wide) range of
(in) the context of
(in) the development of
in/within the context of
inability
inadequate
inappropriate
include
including
inclusion
inconsistent
incorporate
increase
increase
increase in the number of
increasingly
indeed
independence
independent
independently
index
indicate
indicate(s) that
indication
indicator
indirect
indirectly
individual
individual
individually
induce
induction
inequality
infer
inference
influence
influence
inform
information
informed
inherent
initial
initially
initiate
initiation
initiative
input
insight
instability
instance
instruction
instrument
insufficient
integral
integrate
integrated
integration
intend
intensity
intensive
intention
interact
interaction
interactive
interest
interested
interested in
interesting
intermediate
internal
international
interpret
interpretation
interval
intervene
intervention
interview
interview
interviewee
interviewer
intrinsic
introduce
introduction
invent
investigate
investigation
investigator
involve
involved
involved in
involvement
irrelevant
is a good example of
is a measure of
is a/the result of
is based on
is consistent with
is defined as
is equal to
is important to
is not the same (thing) as
is related to
is the most common cause of
(is) (often) referred to as
(is) an example of
is/are likely to
is/are likely to be
is/are shown in
(is/are/be) associated with
is/are/were more likely to (be)
isolated
isolation
issue
it can be seen that
it can be shown that
it could/can be argued that
it has been argued that
it has been shown that
it has been suggested that
it is (not) possible to/that
it is clear that
it is difficult to
it is difficult to see (how)
it is easy to see that
it is fair to say that
it is for this reason that
it is important (to)
it is important to note that
it is important to realize that
it is important to recognize/be aware of/bear in mind
it is important to remember that
it is important to understand
it is impossible to
it is interesting to note that
it is likely that
it is necessary to
it is not clear
it is not surprising that
it is reasonable to assume that
it is useful to
it is worth noting that
it may be
it may be possible to
it seems to me (that)
it should be noted that
item
journal
judgement
just going to
(just) to remind you
justification
justify
key
key
kind
kinds of
knowledge
label
label
lack
lack
language
large
largely
later
later
later on
latter
law
lead
lead(s) to
leader
leadership
learn
learning
lecture
lecturer
legal
legally
less
less
less
less than
let me just
level
lies at the heart of
like this
likely
likely
limit
limit
limitation
limited
line
link
link
linked to
list
list
literature
local
localized
locally
located
location
logic
logical
look
look at this
loss
(lots and) lots of
low
lower
lower than
main
maintain
major
majority
male
male
many
many
many
many of you
margin
material
material
matter
maximize
maximum
maximum
may
may be due to
may or may not
may well be
meaning
meaningful
means
measure
measure
mechanism
media
mediate
medical
medium
member
memory
men and women
mental
mention
method
methodological
methodology
middle
might
migrate
migration
minimal
minimize
minimum
minimum
minor
minority
mix
mobile
mobility
mobilize
mode
model
model
modelling
modern
modernity
modernization
modify
module
moment
monitor
more and more
more likely to
more or less
more than
moreover
most
most of you
motivate
motivation
move
move on to
movement
multiple
must
namely
national
national
natural
naturally
nature
necessarily
necessary
necessity
need
need
negative
negative
negatively
net
network
neutral
nevertheless
new
norm
normal
normally
not necessarily
(not only) but also
note
note
nothing to do with
notion
novel
number
object
objective
objective
observation
observe
observed in
observer
obtain
obvious
obviously
occupation
occupy
occur
occurrence
of course
of some kind
of the total
of this chapter
of this study
offer
often
ok
ok
ok
ok now
ok so
on the basis of
on the basis of/that
on the board
on the one hand
on the other hand
on the part of
on the whole
on the/your handout
one of the key
one of the most
one of the reasons
one of the things
(one of) the most important
one or more of
ongoing
online
operate
operation
operational
opportunity
optimal
option
or something like that
or whatever
order
order
ordinary
organization
organize
orient
orientation
origin
original
originally
originate
other
otherwise
our understanding of
outcome
outline
output
over time
(over) a period of time
overall
overall
overlap
overlap
overview
parallel
parallel
part
partial
partially
participant
participate
participation
particular
particular
particularly
partly
pattern
per
per cent
per cent
perceive
percentage
perception
perfectly
perform
performance
perhaps
period
period of time
permit
personal
perspective
phase
phenomenon
physical
picture
play a key role in
play a role in
play(s) an important role (in)
point
point
policy
popular
population
pose
position
position
positive
positive
positively
possibility
possible
potential
potential
potentially
poverty
power
powerful
practical
practical
practice
practitioner
precede
precise
precisely
precision
predict
prediction
predominantly
prefer
preference
presence
present
present
present
presentation
pressure
prevent
prevention
previous
previously
primarily
primary
principle
prior
prior to
priority
private
probability
problem
problematic
procedural
procedure
process
process
produce
produce
product
production
productive
professional
professional
profile
programme
progress
progression
progressive
project
project
projection
promote
promotion
proportion
proportional
proposal
propose
proposition
protect
protection
protocol
provide
psychological
public
public
publish
pure
purpose
qualitative
quality
quantify
quantitative
quantity
question
question
quickly
(quite) a lot (of)
quote
quote
race
random
randomize
randomly
range
range
rapid
rapidly
rate
rate
rather
rather than
rating
ratio
rational
rationale
rationality
reach
react
reaction
read
readily
reading
real
reality
reason
reasonable
reasonably
reasoning
reasons for
recent
recently
recognition
recognize
recommend
reconstruct
reconstruction
record
record
recording
recovery
reduce
reduction
reduction in the number of
refer
refer(s) to
reference
reflect
reflection
regard
regard
regardless of
regime
region
regional
regulation
reinforce
reject
rejection
relate
related
related to
relating to
relation
relationship
relative
relative
relative to
relatively
release
relevance
relevant
relevant to
reliability
reliable
reliance
rely
removal
remove
replace
replacement
report
report
reporting
represent
representation
representative
representative
require
requirement
research
research
research on
researcher
resident
resistance
resistant
resolution
resolve
resource
respect
respectively
respond
response
responsibility
responsible
responsible for
restrict
restriction
restrictive
result
result
result(s) in
reveal
review
right
right so
rise
risk
role
root
roughly
rule
rural
safety
same
same
sample
sample
sampling
satisfaction
satisfy
scale
scale
scenario
scheme
science
scientific
scope
second
secondary
secondly
section
sector
security
see also
seek
seems to be
segment
select
selection
selective
seminar
sense
sensitive
sensory
separate
separate
separately
separation
sequence
series
service
session
set
set
sex
sexual
sexuality
shape
shape
share
share
sheet
shift
shift
should
show
show(s) that
sign
sign
significance
significant
significantly
similar
similar to (that of)
similarity
similarly
simple
simplify
simply
simultaneous
simultaneously
single
site
situation
size
skill
slide
slightly
small
so
so as to
so that
so we have
so you can see
so you get
(so) for example
(so) in other words
so-called
social
socially
societal
society
software
solution
solve
some kind of
some sort of
somehow
something like
something to do with
sometimes
sort
sort
source
space
spatial
specialist
specialized
specific
specifically
specification
specify
sphere
split
spread
spread
stability
stabilize
stable
stage
standard
standard
state
state
statement
statistic
statistical
statistically
status
stimulate
stimulation
stock
store
story
straightforward
strategy
strength
strengthen
stress
stress
strongly
structural
structure
structure
student
study
study
style
subject
subject
subject
subject to
subjective
subsequent
substance
substantial
substantially
substantive
substitute
substitution
successful
successfully
such
such
such as
such that
sufficient
sufficiently
suggest
suitable
sum
sum
summarize
summary
supply
supply
support
support
support for
suppose
survey
survival
sustain
symbol
system
systematic
systematically
talk
talk
target
target
task
teach
teacher
technical
technique
technological
technology
tend
tend to
tend to be
tend(s) to be
tendency
tension
term
term
terminology
terms
territory
test
test
text
textbook
that is to say
the ability to/of
the above
the advantages and disadvantages of
the aim/purpose of this study/chapter/article
the amount of
the analysis of
the application of
the assumption that
the availability of
the basis of
the benefits of
the cause(s) of
the concept of
the consequences of
the content of
the corresponding
the creation of
the definition of
the degree of
the degree to which
the development of
the difference between
the distribution of
the effect(s) of
the effectiveness of
the emergence of
the evolution of
the existence of
the extent of
the extent to which
the fact that
the first thing (that)
the following
the form of
the formation of
the former
the frequency of
the growth of
the idea is that
the idea of
the idea that
the impact of
the implementation of
the importance of
the influence of
the introduction of
the issue of
the kinds of
the latter
the level of
the likelihood of
the majority of
the manner in which
the meaning of
the most common
the most important
the nature of
the need for/to
the notion of
the number of
the other end of the spectrum
the other way round
the percentage of
the performance of
the point is that
the possibility of
the potential for
the presence or absence of
the prevalence of
the principle of
the probability of
the problem of
the problem with
the process of
the purposes of
the quality of
the question is
the question of
the question of (whether or not)
the rate of
the rate of (change)
the ratio of
the reason for
the reason for this is that
the reason why
the relationship between
the rise of
the risk of
the role of
the same sort of
the same thing
the significance of
the size of
the sort of thing
the sorts of
the state of
the study of
the total number of
the type of
the value(s) of
the vast majority of
the view that
the way that
the way(s) in which
the whole of
the work of
(the) way(s) in which
the/a lack of
the/a number of
the/a proportion of
the/an effect(s) on
theme
theoretical
theoretically
theory
there are a number of
there is a need for/to
there is no doubt that
there is no reason to
thereby
therefore
these sorts of
thing
this does not mean that
this idea of
this is (not) the case
this is not the case
this means that
(this) is not to say/suggest that
this/that kind of (thing)
this/that sort of (thing)
thought
threat
threshold
throughout
throughout
thus
title
to a greater or lesser extent
to account for
to be aware of
to bear in mind
to deal with
to do with
to ensure that
to find out
to see how
to show you
to some extent
to suggest that
to take account of
to the extent that
to think about
to work out
(to) note that
(to) take into account
(to/should/need to) be taken into account
together
tool
topic
total
total
trace
traditional
traditionally
training
transfer
transfer
transform
transformation
transition
transmission
transmit
transport
transport
transportation
treat
treatment
trend
true
trust
trust
try
tutor
type
types of
typical
typically
ultimate
ultimately
uncertainty
unclear
undergo
underlying
understand
understanding
undertake
undertaking
unique
unit
universal
university
unlikely
unrelated
unstable
upper
urban
usage
use
use
used
useful
utility
utilization
utilize
valid
validate
validation
validity
valuable
value
value
variable
variable
variance
variation
variation in
varied
variety
various
vary
version
versus
vertical
very
via
view
view
viewer
violence
visible
visual
volume
voluntary
(was/have been) found to be
way
we can see
we know that
we looked at
we talk about
we talked about
we were talking about
we/you need to know
wealth
website
weight
welfare
what do you think…?
what does that mean?
what happens if
what happens to
what i mean
what i mean by
what i want to do
whatever
whatever
when it comes to
when we/you look at
whereas
whether
whether or not
while at the same time
whole
whole
why do you think…?
wide
widely
widespread
will be discussed in more detail
with regard to
with respect to
with the exception of
within
word
working
working
world
write
yield
yield
you can imagine
you can look at
you can see here
you find that
you might say
you might want to (look at)
you will find
you will see