2_Introduction_to_Python.ipynb

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   "source": [
    "# 2 Introduction to Python\n",
    "A series of commands to introduce beginners to Python.\t\t"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "## Does it work?"
   ]
  },
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   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, world!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('Hello, world!')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
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     "execution_count": 2,
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   ],
   "source": [
    "2 + 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Define Variables"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a_integer = 5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a_float = 1.41421356237"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
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   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "6.41421356237"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
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    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a_integer + a_float"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a_number = a_integer + a_float"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
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   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "6.41421356237\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(a_number)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a_string = 'How you doing, world?'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "How you doing, world?\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(a_string)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-11-764380a092f5>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0ma_integer\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma_string\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a_integer + a_string"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
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   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5 How you doing, world?\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(a_integer, a_string)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'5How you doing, world?'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "str(a_integer) + a_string"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a_float = 3.1417"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3.1417\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(a_float)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# This is a comment"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'This is a multi-\\nline comment'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\"\"\"This is a multi-\n",
    "line comment\"\"\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Mathematical Operations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "9/3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2.25"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "9/4.0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   ],
   "source": [
    "9%4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   ],
   "source": [
    "2**6"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "8.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "64**(0.5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Logical Operations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = True\n",
    "b = False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2 == 2.0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2 != 2.000001"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   ],
   "source": [
    "6 > 10"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Six is greater than four!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if 6 > 4:\n",
    "    print('Six is greater than four!')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Six is not greater than ten!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if 6 > 10:\n",
    "    print('Six is greater than ten!')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('Six is not greater than ten!')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "This number is divisable by five!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 25\n",
    "if a%2 == 0:\n",
    "    print('This number is even!')\n",
    "elif a%3 == 0:\n",
    "    print('This number is divisable by three!')\n",
    "elif a%5 == 0:\n",
    "    print('This number is divisable by five!')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(str(a) + ' is not divisable by 2, 3 or 5!')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = 0\n",
    "while b < 5:\n",
    "    print(b)\n",
    "    b = b + 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "25 is divisable by 5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 25\n",
    "b = 1\n",
    "c = 2\n",
    "while b != 0:\n",
    "    b = a%c\n",
    "    if b == 0:\n",
    "        print(str(a) + ' is divisable by ' + str(c))\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        c += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Exercise**: Can you rework this code so that you can test if a number is prime (so only it and 1 divides it)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "29 is a prime number.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 29\n",
    "b = 1\n",
    "c = 2\n",
    "while b != 0:\n",
    "    b = a%c\n",
    "    if a == c:\n",
    "        print(str(a) + ' is a prime number.')\n",
    "    elif b == 0:\n",
    "        print(str(a) + ' is divisable by ' + str(c))\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        c += 1"
   ]
  }
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