array-object.txt

shallow copy
----------
if modify data it's affect source data
const newArr = arr
newArr.splice(1, 2)
console.log(newArr, arr)

deep copy
--------
if modify data it's not affect source data
const newArr1 = [...arr]
const newArr2 = Array.from(arr);

array methods
---------------

forEach => get each element from array
map =>  creates a new array with the results of calling
filter => filter elements based on a condition
reduce => accumulate a single value from the elements
concat, slice => Create new arrays by merging or extracting portions
splice => Modifies the original array by adding/removing elements at specific positions
sort =>  Sorts the array elements in place (asc or desc)
push, pop => Add/remove elements from the end of the Array
shift, unshift => Add/remove elements from the beginning of the array
find, findIndex => To find an (index) element satisfying the condition
includes => Returns a boolean value if the array contains the specific element

slice vs splice
-------------
Feature | slice | splice
Purpose | create new array | Modifies original array 
Modifies original array | no | yes

const fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange", "mango", "kiwi"];
const subArray = fruits.slice(1, 3);
console.log(fruits); // ["apple", "banana", "orange", "mango", "kiwi"]
console.log(subArray); // ["banana", "orange"]

fruits.splice(2, 1, "grapefruit"); // removed orange and added grapefruit
console.log(fruits); // ["apple", "banana", "grapefruit", "mango", "kiwi"]
console.log(subArray); // ["banana", "orange"]

object methods
------------
assign => To copy properties and their values from one object to another object
create => To create a new object using an existing object as prototype
hasOwnProperty =>  Checks if a property exists directly on the object
entries => It returns an array containing the [key, value] pairs
keys, values => To get all keys/values of the object in the array format.
freeze, isFrozen => To prevent adding or updating object properties

__proto__
--------
is used for accessing an object's prototype directly

Prototype
------------
All the function constructors have prototype properties. Used to reduce memory wastage