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The eye is a complex biological camera but the way it processes light and passes that information as signals to the brain can be studied and used as a guiding model for creating a machine based equivalent vision.
Cornea: Outermost part, where light enters first. (Refracts light to help focus it on the retina)
Pupil: The opening that regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
Lens: Behind the pupil, it further focuses light onto the retina
Retina: The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, it contains two types of cells
- Rods: Detect light intensity (for night vision and peripheral vision)
- Cones: Detect color (concentrated in the central part of the retina, called the fovea, for detailed color vision).
Optic Nerve: Carries the signals from the retina to the brain
Phototransduction: This is the process where light hits the (rods and cones) in the retina, which converts the light into electrical signals
The retina, performs some processing before sending signals through the optic nerve.
- Ganglion cells in the retina combine signals from rods and cones, enhancing contrast and detecting movement,
These signals are send as spikes (action potentials) through the optic nerve to the brains visual cortex. Where further processing takes place to interpret objects, depth, motion, and color.
Lens: Just like the eye, it focuses light onto the sensor (similar to the retina)
Aperture: Alike to the pupil, it controls the amount of light reaching the sensor.